FRENCH 17

See French 17 (1998).

BALLARD, MICHAEL and LIEVEN D'HULST, eds. La traduction en France à l'âge classique. Villeneuve d'Ascq: Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, 1996.

Review: Valerie Worth-Stylianou in FS 52.4 (1998), 462–463: Volume contains sixteen conference papers with diverse approaches. The period under consideration is broadly 1650–1800 and a number of the papers look beyond the narrow remit of 'la traduction en France.' Alongside reassessments of some 'belles infidèles,' there are surveys of non-literary translations. The study of literary translations is divided between evaluations of the aesthetic/linguistic qualities of individual works and statistical appraisals of the reception of foreign texts in France.

BARBIER, FREDERIC, ANNIE PARENT-CHARON, FRANÇOIS DUPUIGRENET DESROUSSILLES, CLAUDE JOLLY, DOMINIQUE VARRY, éds. Le livre et l'historien. Etudes offertes en l'honneur duProfesseur Henri-Jean Martin. Genève: Droz, 1997.

Review: J.-F. Gilmont in BHR 61.2 (1999), 619–21: " . .. près de soixante contributions concernant l'histoire du livre et de la lecture depuis les origines jusqu'à nos jours." Voir "Des pratiques de la lecture savante au style de l'érudition" (Châtelain); "L'amateur d'estampes en France aux XVIe et XVIIIe siècles" (Grivel); "Les imprimeurs-libraires au confessionnal" (Neveu et Sauvy).

BENSELER, DAVID P. and SUZANNE S. MOORE. "Doctoral Degrees Granted in Foreign Languages in the United States,: 1998." MLJ 82 (1998), 387–403.

Lists first by discipline, then by institution, then by author alphabetically, with no attempt at periodisation.

BEUGNOT, BERNARD. Les muses classiques: Essai de bibliographie rhétorique et poétique. Paris: Klincksieck, 1996.

Review: Michael Hawcroft in FS 52.4 (1998), 463: "No dix-septiémiste should be without this extremely useful work of reference. Beugnot lists well over 1000 works published in the seventeenth century that deal with rhetoric or poetics. . . . Each category has a short bibliography of modern historical or critical studies."

CARON, PHILIPPE. Des 'Belles Lettres' à la 'Littérature': Une archéologie des signes du savoir profane en langue française. Louvain-Paris : Éditions Peeters, 1992.

Review : Edward Nye in FS 52.3 (1998), 341–342: The way subjects are classified, as 'belles lettres' or 'bonnes lettres,' 'sciences' or 'érudition,' makes the history of the ideas of 'literature' difficult to determine. "Caron's book is an exhaustive study of this terminology, carried out according to the linguistic analysis of semantic fields, so that no item is analysed in isolation, but always in terms of its boundaries with other items. . . . Caron's study is a valuable tool for the historian of ideas who is concerned not to make teleological errors in his interpretation of terminology."

CHARTIER, ROGER and HANS-JÜRGEN LÜSEBRINK, eds. Colportage et lecture populaire. Imprimés de large circulation en Europe, XVIe–XIXe siècles. Paris: IMEC Editions/Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, 1996.

Review: Sabine Juratic in RFHL 100–101 (1998), 430–431: Accompagnés d'une introduction de Chartier et d'une postface de Lüsebrink, la publication des actes de ce colloque à Wolfenbüttel en 1991 est "particulièrement bienvenue, car elle ne met pas seulement à la disposition des historiens un ensemble précieux de matériaux sur la librairie de colportage en Europe, mais apporte aussi des éléments nouveaux pour nourrir leur réflexion sur la notion de 'littérature populaire'."

CHAURAND, JACQUES, dir. Nouvelle histoire de la langue française. Paris: Seuil, 1998.

Review: J.-Cl. Chevalier in QL 754 (1999), 20–21: "Face à la monstrueuse et géniale Histoire de la langue française, poursuivie sur onze tomes par F. Brunot, coiffée d'un bizarre XIXe siècle limité par Charles Bruneau aux mouvements littéraires, achevée par les trois tomes collectifs, disparates et passionnants..., pilotés par G. Antoine et R. Martin, puis B. Cerquiglini, les 800 pages de la Nouvelle histoire de la langue française de Jacques Chaurand sont une solution médiane, dans la ligne qu'avait fait Dauzat: une histoire d'ensemble raisonnable — parfois un peu trop — et, généralement, bien informé. Un ouvrage ouvert et de bonne foi."

DESGRAVES, LOUIS. Le livre en Aquitaine, XV–XVIIIe siècles. Bordeaux: Atlantica, 1998.

Review: Albert Labarre in BB (1999–1), 182–85: Summa by late authority covering the history of printing in the area and the community of booksellers (constituted in 1608–10), as well as analysis of commercial relations—including a chapter on the "livre interdit" in Part I; Part II,, "Lire en Aquitaine" is a panoramic view of what was produced.

DUBOIS, ELFRIEDA. Years Work in Modern Language Studies. 59 (1997). Modern Humanities Research Association, 1998. 17th c. section, pp. 122–142.

Brief commentaries; highly selective.

FRAISSE, LUC, ed. Le manuscrit littéraire. Son statut, son histoire, du Moyen Age à nos jours. Paris: Klincksieck, 1998.

Review: Marie-Odile Sweetser in PFSCL 26 (1999), 469–472: "Cet important volume trouvera sa place dans les bibliothèques universitaires et celles des dix-septiémistes désireux de faire comprendre aux futurs chercheurs les travaux les plus significatifs basés sur l'étude des manuscrits."

GILMONT, JEAN-FRANÇOIS ,éd. Jérôme Hornschuch. Orthotypographie: Instruction utile et nécessaire pour ceux qui vont corriger des livres imprimés et conseils à ceux qui vont les publier (1608). Trad. du latin parSusan Baddeley. Paris: Editions des Cendres, 1997.

Review: H. Genton in BHR 61.1 (1999), 216–17: "Traduit en français pour la première fois, ce traité de typographie est le fruit de la colère et de la lassitude de l'auteur, Jérôme Hornschuch, témoin allemand pendant dix ans de l'élaboration des livres au début du XVIIe siècle."

GIRAUD, YVES, ed. Contacts culturels et échanges linguistiques au XVIIe siècle en France. PFSCL/Biblio 17, 106 (1997).

Review: Jean Marmier in PFSCL 26 (1999), 219–220.

ISIS CURRENT BIBLIOGRAPHY 89 (1998).

l7th-century entries: nos. 1455–1842.

JOHNS, ADRIAN. The Nature of the Book: Print and Knowledge in the Making. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.

Review: D. Graham Burnett in New Republic 4,400 (May 17 1999), 50–53: Very positive account of Johns' claim that the reading context has a history, which is the history of how the "Print culture" changed "the shape of knowledge in Europe."

Review: S. Goodlett and Raymond Birn in ECS 33 (1999), 149–50: Centered by archival work and historical focus in 17th century England. Continues valuably to add to the modifications of Elizabeth Eisenstein's The Printing Press as Agent of Change (1979) by showing how the world of printers and booksellers is not fixed but is rather in on-going definition. Interesting chapter on reading practices.

KILGOUR, FREDERICK G. The Evolution of the Book. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Review: J. H. Kaimowitz in Choice 36.2 (1998), 300: K. analyzes "societal needs and technological improvements since the book was first introduced 4,000 years ago" and includes a description of "the technological progress of Western printing during the last 500 years."

KLAPP,OTTO. Bibliographie der französischen Literaturwissenschaft. Vol. 35 (1997). Frankfurt: V. Klostermann, 1998.

17th c. section, pp. 296–369. Includes reviews; no commentaries.

LASADA GOYA, JOSE MANUEL. Bibliographie critique de la littérature espagnole en France au XVIIe siècle. Geneva: Droz, 1999.

LEMOINE, ANNE-MARIE. "Dissertations in Progress." FR 72 (1998), 403–24.

17th c. sections. Cross references to other periods.

MELLOT, JEAN-DOMINIQUE and ÉLISABETH QUEVAL. Répertoire d'imprimeurs/libraires, XVIe–XVIIe siècles. État en 1995 (4000 notices). Paris: Bibliothèque nationale de France, 1997.

Review: Louis Desgraves in RFHL 100–101 (1998), 431–433: En offrant aux chercheurs ces 4000 notices concises—qui donnent les dates biographiques, les dates et lieux d'exercice, les marques, les sources citées—cette publication apporte une contribution essentielle à l'histoire du livre. "Un classement par lieux d'activité permet de retrouver les noms des imprimeurs/libraires qui ont exercé dans telle ou telle localité en renvoyant aux noms des 4000 imprimeurs/librairies recensés."

O'DONNELL, JAMES J. Avatars of the Word: From Papyrus to Cyberspace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998.

Review: R. Halverson in Choice 36.6 (1999), 1047: "Taking 'avatar' to mean 'manifestation,' [O'D.] offers insights into the history of the written word as a bearer of culture from antiquity to the present age... O'D. first traces the word from the oral tradition to the written, from the scroll to the bound book, from the copied manuscript to the printed manuscript, and from print on paper to cyberspace...."

PERNOO-BECACHED, MARIANNE. Bibliographie de la littérature française (XVIIe – XXe siècles). Année 1998. Paris: A. Colin, 1999. Also issued as no. 4 of RHL 99 (1999).

17th c. section, pp. 596–614.

QUEMADA, BERNARD and JEAN PRUVOST, eds. Le Dictionnaire de l'Académie française et la lexicographie institutionelle européenne, Actes du colloque international ... 1994. Paris: Champion, 1998.

Review: Mireille Pastoureau in BB (1999), 197–98: 13 papers on the edition of 1694 and 6 on other contemporary national lexicographical projects. Analyses of the dictionaries of Richelet, Furetière, Trévoux, as well as Thomas Corneille's project for a dictionary of arts and sciences.

QUEMADA, BERNARD, ed. Les Préfaces du Dictionnaire de l'Académie frangaise, 1694–1992. Paris: Champion, 1997.

Review: Mireille Pastoureau in BB (1999), 196–97: Annotated integral publication of the entire paratext of 1694 (and of subsequent eds.) analyzed as a lexicographical project. The seemingly definitive work on the subject.

ROBERTS, WILLIAM. "Bibliography of North American Theses on Seventeenth-Century French Literature and Background (1997–98)." PFSCL 26 (1999), 511–28.

Lists 22 new dissertations in progress and 181 completed. Notes changes in title and/ or director. Covers fine arts, music and history, as well as general and French literature of the 17th C.

SAUNDERS, ALISON. "French Emblem Books or European Emblem Books: Transnational Publishing in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries." BHR 61.2 (1999), 415–27.

"An interesting pattern of progression can thus be traced in the development of the emblem throught the sixteenth century and into the mid seventeenth century, a progression from internationalism to nationalism and then back to internationalism."

SCHAER, ROLAND. Petite histoire de la BNF." RDM (octobre 1998), 109–22.

S. esquisse l'histoire et l'évolution de la Bibliothèque nationale française de l'Europe médiévale à l'époque actuelle. Au XVIIe siècle, S. note l'accroissement des collections par la politique active d'enrichement de Colbert et le travail de classement et de catalogage de Nicolas Clément.

SGARD, JEAN, ed. Dictionnaire des journalistes, 1600–1789. 2 vols. Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 1999.

Review: Gwynne Lewis in TLS 5032 (17 Sept, 1999), 26: Glowing praise for the treasurehouse of information and the cultural roadmap (in a generalizing supplement) that is this companion to the same editorial team's 1991 Dictionnaire des journaux, 1600–1789. Inclusion derives from the expanded definition of journalist to "tous ceux qui ont exercé les fonctions d'informateurs, de critiques, de médiateurs."

TURNER, SILVIE. The Book of Fine Paper. New York: Thames&Hudson, 1999.

Review: S. Visser in Choice 36.10 (1999), 1775: "In this comprehensive introduction and reference on fine paper, T. ... describes the manufacturing processes, various materials used, characteristics of different paper types, and a portrait of numerous paper mills and the papers they produce. She focuses on handmade papers and their production, within the context of the history of paper production.... The book is divided into Western and Eastern traditions of paper production; the process of each tradition is explored in depth and shown in high-quality black-and-white photographs."

TYERS, MERYL. Current Research in French Studies at Universities in the United Kingdom and Ireland (1997–98). Vol. 24. Glasgow: The Society for French Studies,1998.

17th c. literature, pp. 48–49; alphabetical subject listing, indexes, pp. 73–149.

WOOLF, D.R. et al. A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing. New York/London: Garland, 1998.

Review: T. M. Izbicki in Choice 36.6 (1999), 1044: "The coverage is truly multicultural in scope, and all periods and countries get due attention. Each entry has bibliographic information attached, divided into texts and references. Writers ... are examined with an eye to their later influence. Cross-references and an index are provided.... Inevitably, some few historians are omitted, but no like source covers the field with such breadth."

See French 17 (1997).

CHRISTOUT, MARIE-FRANÇOISE. "Marie-Adélaïde de Savoie, duchesse de Bourgogne et les spectacles de cour, ballets-mascarades et bals." RHT 50.3 (1998), 237–248.

Marie-Adélaïde arrives at Fontainebleau in 1696 to marry the Duke of Burgundy, grandson of Louis XIV. Her gifts for dance and theatre cast a spell on the aging sovereign. C. studies her personal role as an actress, dancer and regular spectator in Versailles, Saint-Cyr, Marly, Fontainebleau and Paris, and the relationships which she had with the main artists of the stage.

CLARK, HENRY C. "Commerce, the Virtues and the Public Sphere in Early Seventeenth-Century France." FHS 21 (1998), 415–40.

A close study of the use of traditional moral language in attempting to shape, articulate or understand royal policies of commerce. The article focuses particularly on Antoine de Montchrestien's pioneering Traicté de l'économie politique (1615) and reveals a new appreciation of how the state becomes the main arbiter of a system of social values and of how other elements of society (the nobility, mercantile interests) need increasingly to define their own worth and status by reference to terms appropriated by the monarchy.

CLARKE, JAN. "Illuminating the Guénégaud Stage: Some Seventeenth-Century Lighting Effects." FS 53.1 (1999), 1–15.

Author examines the lighting environment for performances at the Guénégaud; traces a significant evolution in the use of lighting in the machine plays; and studies the way in which this reflects the evolution of the genre.

CLEARY, RICHARD L. The Place Royal Design in the Ancien Regime. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Review: Jeremy Melvin in TLS 5010 (9 Apr. 1999), 37: Valuable addition to architectural history, with an unusual guide to 23 French cities with such urban places. Centers on the monarchy's involvement in such projects during the last 100 years, contains running commentary on Louis XIV's projects and architects.

CLERVAL, ALAIN. "Le courtisan entre la grâce du poète et l'hérésie du croyant." NRF 549 (1999), 227–238.

L'article examine l'association du libertinage avec les sens du dévergondage intellectuel. Selon C., nous sommes assez désarmés "s'il s'agit de préciser les contours d'un continent littéraire qui déborde les frontières chronologiques et formelles, celui du libertinage érudit, critique, d'inspiration philosophiques ou religieuse, satirique ou grotesque, tel qu'il remonte aux premières années du XVIIe siècle."

CLOULAS, IVAN and MICHELE BIMBENET-PRIVAT. Treasures of the French Renaissance. Trans.John Goodman. New York: Abrams, 1997.

Review: P. Emison in Choice 36.2 (1998), 302–303: "The decorative arts and architecture are beautifully photographed, in support of the thesis that what the French most valued in Renaissance culture was a luxurious manner of living, leading ultimately to the excesses of Louis XIV."

COHEN, RICHARD I. Jewish Icons: Art and Society in Modern Europe. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.

Review: J. Gutmann in Choice 36.2 (1998), 303: "C. attempts to place Jewish participation in the arts within a historical perspective.... He devotes a chapter to Jewish art patronage in 17th- and 18th-century Europe."

CONSIBEE, PHILIP. "Atticism in French Art." Burlington Magazine 141 (1999), 55–6.

An exhibition review of "Eloge de la clarté: un courant artistique au temps de Mazarin, 1640–1660" at the Musée de Tessé in Le Mans. C. indicates the exhibition "examines that rarefied current of classicism in mid-17th century French, or rather Parisian, art known as 'atticism'," and regrets only that the modest scale of the museum in question limited the scale of the exhibition. He also notes the surprising absence of any works by Claude, whose reputation in France was at its height during the period in question.

CORNETTE, JOEL. Chronique du régne de Louis XIV. Paris: SEDES, 1997.

Review: Kevin Ruth in FR 73 (1999), 149; Praises this unusually thorough (578pp.) year-by-year chronicle of events of all sorts in history and cultural history. Thematic and subject indices.

DALLET, JEAN-MARIE. Au soleil des vivants. Paris: Jean-Claude Lattès, 1998.

Review: J.-P. Amette in Le Point 1362 (1998), 111: Novel set in 17th c. Marseille. "Historiens sérieux, s'abstenir.... Rien de tel, que de prendre un morceau d'histoire, des rois, des sergents de ville, des bretteurs, des Turcs et des grands bateaux et de se laisser emporter dans les étranges feux d'artifice de la mémoire d'une époque qu'on aime, version Dallet...."

DOTOLI, GIOVANNI, ed. Politique et littérature en France au XVIe et XVIIe siècles. Actes du colloque international de Monopoli, 28 septembre-1er octobre 1995. Bari/Paris: Adriatica/Didier Erudition, 1997.

Review: Orest Ranum in PFSCL 26 (1999), 460–464: "A fine, important scholarly harvest in this volume, an honour for Giovanni Dotoli."

DUCHÊNE, ROGER. "Le nouveau Dictionnaire des Précieuses." PFSCL 26 (1999), 91–109.

Inventory of all the texts dated between 1638 and 1659 where the word "précieux" appears. The author concludes that at the moment when Molière popularizes the word, it is impossible to present the Précieuses as a cohesive group sharing common ideas and attitudes.

DUNETON, CLAUDE. Histoire de la chanson française. 2 vols. Paris: Seuil, 1998.

Review: Thierry Gandillot in L'Express 2470 (5–11 nov. 1998), 74–75: "Le show-biz est né au Pont-Neuf," contends the author, and shows it in sections on performers—Bruscambilles, Jean Farine, Desidério, Descombes, Baron Grattelard, Hiéronvous, Phillipot, Le Savoyard—their songs and their ethos. "Pas seulement un livre qui enchante, c'est aussi un livre qui se chante."

EKBERG, CARL J. French Roots in the Illinois Country: The Mississippi Frontier in Colonial Times. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998.

Review: L. T. Cummins in Choice 36.3 (1998), 582: "In this well-researched and meticulously written study E. examines patterns of land holding, agricultural practices, and settlement in the Illinois country from the late 1600s until after the area became part of the US in the early 19th century. The geographical area included the French Colonial settlements of Kaskaskia, Cahokia, Vincennes, Ste. Genevieve, St. Louis, and Prairie du Chien. The author discusses a unique system of long lot and common field agriculture that developed in this region, motivated both by the French cultural heritage and the specific needs of living in the upper Mississippi valley during the Colonial era. Settlement patterns in these communities revolved around a tripartite configuration of the nuclear village, open fields where a distinctive style of cereal agriculture predominated, and common lands for the grazing of animals. Such practices were not seen elsewhere in Colonial North America. The study also examines the cultural differences between the French mentalité and the assumptions held by citizens of the US that brought an end to this system in the decades after the Louisiana Purchase. This work breaks new ground and is a welcome addition to the literature."

ERNST, GERMANA, ed. Campanella, Tommaso. Monarchie d'Espagne. Monarchie de France. Trans.Serge Walbaum andNathalie Fabry. Paris: PUF, 1997.

Review: J.-P. Cavaillé in Revue philosophique (1998), 229–31: C. commends the work of G. Ernst in this translation of two of Campanella's important political texts, which underwent numerous rewritings and alterations during the author's lifetime.

FABRE, PIERRE-ANTOINE. "Les visions d'Ignace de Loyola dans la diffusion de l'art jésuite." MLN 114.4 (1999), 816–47.

". . . la réflexion que je propose sur le destin des visions d'Ignace de Loyola dans la diffusion de l''art jésuite' ne concerne pas seulement ce qu'il en est de la représentation des visions du fondateur de la Compagnie de Jésus sur différents supports, dessinés, gravés, peints; elle concerne également ce qu'il en est de la fonction de ses représentations dans la diffusion de 'l'art jésuite'." F. voudrait "à travers l'histoire de la venue au visible des visions d'Ignace de Loyola, esquisser quelque chose d'une genèse de 'l'art jésuite'."

FAGIOLI DELL'ARCO, MAURIZIO. Jean Lemaire pittore 'antiquario.' Rome: Ugo Bozzi, 1996.

Review: J.-C. Boyer in Burlington Magazine 140 (1998), 756–9: B. praises the large number of canvases catalogued by Fagioli dell'Arco, but cautions that the author may well have underestimated the problem posed by the confusion between Jean Lemaire and Pierre Lemaire, his contemporary.

FERRETTI, GIULIANO, ed. Philippe Fortin de la Houguette. Lettres aux frères Dupuy et à leur entourage (1623–1662). Florence: S. Olschki, 1997.

Review: C. Rizza in SFr 42 (1998), 566: An edition of more than 500 previously unpublished letters by Philippe Fortin de la Houguette, the author of a Catéchisme royal, a work that ought to have ensured him the position of Louis XIV's tutor. Of particular interest are the letters detailing the relations between the Dupuy family and Richelieu, l'affaire Cinq-Mars and the arrest and condemnation of de Thou. R. praises the rigorous introduction (which offers an interpretation of the political doctrines being elaborated during the crucial rise of absolutism), the exhaustive notes and the useful biographical index and critical bibliography. "An exemplary work both for its completeness and its methodological rigor an inexhaustible source of information concerning political and cultural life during the first half of the 17th century." With a preface by M. Fumaroli.

FERRETTI, GIULIANO. "Elites et peuple à Paris, 1642–1656. La naissance de l'historiographie sous Richelieu." Nouvelles de la République des Lettres 1 (1997), 103–130.

Review: C. Rizza in SFr 42 (1998), 566: A detailed examination of a series of texts (many of which were previously unpublished) from the time of Richelieu's death and that express opposing views of the cardinal as a tyrant and as the great statesman to whom France owed its unity and prestige. Feretti claims that during this period of French history, the image of Richelieu was a battleground on which two visions of the monarchy contended with each other for supremacy, up until the end of the Fronde.

FINKELMAN, PAUL, and JOSEPH C. MILLER, eds. Macmillan Encyclopedia of World Slavery. New York: Macmillan Reference USA/Simon&Schuster Macmillan/Simon&Schuster and Prentice Hall International, 1998.

Review: C. S. McGowan in Choice 36.11/12 (1999), 1928: "The editors and contributors succeed in summarizing 'current knowledge about all forms of human bondage throughout the world.' Alphabetically arranged, signed articles are followed by cross-references and bibliographies that vary in length. Black-and-white illustrations and statistical tables are interspersed throughout the text and are included in the subject index. An alphabetical list of entries precedes the text, and a synopic outline follows it.... A time line of slavery, 25 maps, and a general bibliography are also included."

FORCE, P. "L'ère libérale commence-t-elle au XVIIe siècle?" Littératures Classiques 34 (1998), 267–278.

Is there an implicit liberalism (in the Adam Smith sense of the word) in the theories of mercantilism, interest, individualism of Hobbes and Locke.

GIBSON, WENDY. A Tragic Farce: The Fronde (1948–1653). Exeter: Elm Bank Pubs., 1998.

Review: Kathryn E. Wildgen in FR 72 (1999), 1132–33: Vividly written re-casting of the war into a 5-act format with lively summaries of action and collections of contemporary commentaries.

GOODKIN, RICHARD E. "Separated at Birth: The Man in the Iron Mask; or a Louis XIV for the Nineties." PFSCL 26 (1999), 319–326.

Communication delivered during the 1998 MLA Convention conference on "The Seventeenth-Century in the Media: Cinema, Television, World Wide Web, CD-ROM." Analysis of the 1998 film; reflection on the intersection between the courtly culture of Louis XIV's time and our own Zeitgeist.

GUELLOUZ, SUZANNE, ed. "L'Histoire au XVIIe siècle." Littératures classiques 30 (1997).

Review: Francine Wild in DSS 203 (1999), 391–392: This collection of essays sheds light on "l'importance de la production historique du siècle et de la réflexion sur l'Histoire qui l'accompagne." Articles by Hourcade, Poulouin, and Mansau, among others, explore problems of method and historiography; other articles look at works by specific historians such as Duchesne, Sorel, and Naudé. Reviewer notes "[O]n a donc un aperçu, sinon exhaustif, du moins extrêmement suggestif, de ce qu'a été l'Histoire au XVIIe siècle, en tant que savoir, en tant que pratique d'écriture, et... en tant que lieu culturel."

GUNN, J. A. W. Queen of the World: Opinion in the Public Life of France from the Renaissance to the Revolution. Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 1995.

Review: T. J. Hochstrasser in FS 53.2 (1999), 201–202: G. develops a thesis which challenges many of the basic currently orthodox assumptions that are associated with the concept of the growth of the public sphere before the onset of the Revolution. "Instead of locating the emergence of the tribunal of public opinion in the later eighteenth century during the period of parliamentary contestation, he argues that this phase represented merely the gradual loosening of control over a phenomenon that had in fact been a feature of political life in France since at least the era of Richelieu." This work "deserves careful consideration by all students of French eighteenth-century politics and culture."

HANNING, BARBARA RUSSANO. Concise History of Western Music, based on Donald Jay Grout and Claude V. Palisca, A History of Western Music. New York: W.W.Norton, 1998.

Review: W. K. Kearns in Choice 36.7 (1999), 1275–1276: "H. makes large cuts in the pre-18th-century sections dealing with theory, notation, and music peripheral to the Western tradition. She has reduced content within chapter sections by eliminating or drastically reducing information on minor composers, compositions, and genres."

HARDWICK, JULIE. "Seeking Separations: Gender, Marriages, and Household Economies in Early Modern France." FHS 21 (1998), 157–80.

Hardwick explores the choices and strategies of women seeking judicial separations prior to the Revolution, and reveals some of the grounds on which the political economies of Early-Modern households were contested and negotiated. The arcticle focuses on two hundred cases brought before an urban court of first instance in Nantes between 1598 and 1710, which indicate that at this level women were twice as likely to petition for separate property alone as they were to petition for separations of persons and property, and that petitions for separate property alone increased over time.

HARDWICK, JULIE. The Practice of Patriarchy: Gender and the Politics of Household Authority in Early Modern France. University Park: Pennsylvania State, 1998.

Review: D. C. Baxter in Choice 36.7 (1999), 1331: "H. ... eschews the world of the elite to focus on the less examined 'middling' class. Her subject is public notaries in Nantes, a town of 25,000, who struggled to maintain their economic and social position in the difficult years 1560–1660. Based on archival records ..., as well as an impressive array of secondary sources extending well beyond France, the author sets out to determine how the concept of gender shaped the nature of authority in family life and its implication for political culture, which saw the king posited as father of his people. The result is a highly sophisticated picture, seeking to explain rather than to judge patriarchal relationships. The author deftly depicts the role of bilateral kinship, customary law, equitable inheritance, expectations of good management, property ownership, and human relationships in both limiting as well as reinforcing the power of husbands and fathers over their families, while at the same time creating possibilities and challenges for women within the household structure, as spouses worked together for common goals. Strongly suggested for specialists of the period."

HARRISON, HELEN L. Pistoles/paroles: Money and Language in Seventeenth-Century French Comedy. Charlottesville, VA: Rookwood Press, 1996.

Review: Kathryn Willis Wolfe in PFSCL 25 (1998), 612–614: Some reservations aside, "this is a study rich in insight... accessible even to students of the French seventeenth century who are not yet well versed in the economic and social history of the era."

HERMAN, DAVID. "Don Juan and Don Alejandro: The Seductions of Art in Pushkin's Stone Guest." CL 51.1 (1999), 3–23.

H. uses Pushkin's play to consider the figure regularly facing the statue within Pushkin's plots: a poet. He hopes to show that the "fixity of every statue is neatly complemented by what is for Pushkin the inherent mobility of the creative individual." The play's hero departs from the tradition of Don Juans who went before him, yet "in a way that illuminates rather than merely displaces them."

HOFFMEYER, JESPER. Signs of Meaning in the Universe. Trans.B. J. Haveland. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1996.

Review: K. Schonauer in Semiotica 120.3/4 (1998), 395–401: Discusses reading as "a human activity which takes place on both sides of the Cartesian rift."

HOLLIS, DANIEL W. The ABC-CLIO World History Companion to Utopian Movements. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio, 1998.

Review: E. J. Green in Choice 36.6 (1999), 1045: "An introductory general reference work...covering major literary, philosophical, and practical doctrines. Non-Western thought is included, though H. emphasizes Europe and the US, where utopian thought has flourished.... A well-designed chronology of utopian thought follows the alphabetical section, but it begins in 1460... [hence] readers should not assume that the volume is comprehensive."

HOWELLS, ROBIN. "The Secret Life: Marana's Espion du Grand-Seigneur (1684–86)." FS 53.2 (1999), 153–166.

H. offers a general account of a French text published under the name of Jean-Paul Marana in the hope of bringing out its fascination as a piece of literature. "My first 'secret' is the specific identity of the work of 1684–86, the second, its hidden Enlightenment characteristics; the third, the secret as a central topos in the narrative writing of its own time, and the last the traces in the work of the personal myth of its author."

HUPPERT, GEORGE. The Style of Paris. Renaissance Origins of the French Enlightenment. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999.

Review: David Parker in TLS 5032 (17 Sept. 1999), 26: Argues that the profusion of public schools "controlled by locally-elected officials and staffed by secular teachers," a group of intellectuals continuing the spirit of the Collèges de Coqueret and de Presles, and a dialectical and open-ended method of teaching explain the survival of dissident ideas into the early 17th century (and the emergence of the "honnête homme"). Reviewer questions the attachment of municipal oligarchies to progressive education and asserts that the culture of counter-reformation and absolutist French, Descartes notwithstanding, assured that the needed destruction of the authority of Aristotle could not be a French achievement. Interesting section on Père Garasse.

INGELHART, LOUIS EDWARD, comp. Press and Speech Freedoms in the World, from Antiquity Until 1998: A Chronology. Westport, Conn: Greenwood, 1998.

Review: L. Kincaid in Choice 36.6 (1999), 1046: "I. presents, in chronological order, viewpoints and actions of groups and individuals who have supported or opposed freedom of speech and the press.... [C]hapters 1, 3 7, and 10 cover [nations other than England], excluding the US.... Events deemed significant generally are described in a brief sentence or two, without context or explanation of their importance, often leaving obscure their relationship to the topic."

J. PAUL GETTY MUSEUM. Masterpieces of the J. Paul Getty Museum: European Sculpture. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1999.

Review: J. A. Day in Choice 36.11/12 (1999), 1935: One of a series of 7 volumes. "Begun in 1984, the Getty's European sculpture collection centers on postclassical work and is especially strong in mannerist and early Baroque bronzes. The collection is represented by 47 sculptures ranging in date from the 1470s to 1911.... 87 high quality, full-color plates. Each sculpture is treated lovingly in a brief but engaging catalog entry written by Peter Fusco, the founding curator of this collection."

JARRIGE, A.-S. Review of an exhibition entitled "Touches d'exotisme, XIVe à XXe siècles" at the Musée de la Mode, January 1999. Le Point 1374 (1999), 93:

Traces Asian and other influences on the Western wardrobe.

JARRIGE, A.-S. Review of an exhibition entitled "Saint-Cyr, Maison Royale" at the Grande Ecurie du Roi, Versailles, spring 1999. Le Point 1387 (1999), 145.

Exhibition retraces history of Saint-Cyr, including accounting books, documents autographed by Louis XIV, hymnals, notebooks, engravings, apothecary instruments, and personal souvenirs. "Un remarquable travail d'érudition."

JARRIGE, A.-S. Review of an exhibition entitled "D'un siècle à l'autre: Théâtre du Châtelet" at the Hôtel de Ville, Paris. Le Point 1388 (1999), 141:

Includes material on Châtelet as a royal prison in the 17th century.

JONES, CAROLINE A. and PETER GALISON with AMY SLATON. Picturing Science, Producing Art. London: Routledge, 1998.

Review: D. Topper in Choice 36.4 (1998), 677: "Many of the authors of these 19 essays are well known in their respective fields.... Nevertheless, the goal of bridging the gap between art and science is seldom reached, since most essays remain fixed in either the art or science mode, with at most a nod to the other. Thus, Svetlana Alpers's study of the artist's studio in the 17th century makes some suggestive comments on the scientist's laboratory as an analog, but the essay is mostly about the studio. In the essays that do manage to bridge the gap, the connection is often made through scientific illustration. A fascinating example is David Freedberg's study of the iconography of the bee in 17th-century Rome."

KLAIRMONT-LINGO, ALISON. "The Fate of Popular Terms for Female Anatomy in the Age of Print." FHS 22 (1999), 335–49.

Explores the history of popular terms for female anatomy in Early-Modern France and the controversy ignited by the publication in 1578 of Laurent Joubert's Erreurs populaires au fait de la medecine et regime de santé. The author indicates that "a close analysis of the terms suggests that they reflect the mentality which shaped the day-to-day realities of women's lives and women's own experience of their bodies."

KURITA, HIDENORI. "A visual source for Poussin's 'Sts Peter and John healing the lame man.'" Burlington Magazine 140 (1998), 747–8.

A discussion of several possible visual sources for the Poussin canvas, including Philips Galle's engraving of 1558, "Sts Peter and John healing the lame man."

LACHIEZE-REY, MARC et JEAN-PIERRE LUMINET. Figures du ciel. Paris: Seuil/Bibliothèque Nationale de France, 1998.

Review: G. Lascault in QL 751 (1998), 14: Livre-catalogue publié en parallèle à l'exposition "Figures du Ciel" à la BNF, site François-Mitterrand. "Manuscrits, estampes, imprimés; clichés astronomiques récents; 'visualisations' de diverses structures cosmiques...; schémas et diagrammes sont donnés à voir. La maquette originale du livre comporte des dépliants et des pages 'asymétriques' qui permettent les confrontations des textes et des images. Par exemple, certains schéma sont étonnants. Dans un cahier d'observations (1595) Tycho Barhé observe une éclipse totale du soleil. Pour Descartes (1644), au centre, le système solaire est dominé par le Soleil, entouré d'un tourbillon.... Le Théâtre des comètes (1665) veut présenter les trajectoires des comètes depuis le Déluge jusqu'à l'année 1665.... Des textes intéressants sont cités," y compris les Entretiens sur la pluralité des mondes.

LANGDON. HELEN. Caravaggio: A Life. London/New York: Chatto and Windus/Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1999.

Review: Alan Jenkins in TLS 5010 (9 Apr. 1999), 14–15: Praise for evocation of particular genius and straightforward but multi-layered art historical and religious contexts of its production. Discussions of particular pictures are "sober and highly informed" but tend to underplay their homoeroticism, its sources, and discussion of it.

LAVEISSIERE, SYLVAIN. Pierre-Paul Prud'hom. NewYork/Paris: Metropolitain Museum of Art/Réunion des Musées Nationaux, 1998.

Review: F. A. Trapp in Choice 36.3 (1998), 510: "Richly illustrated and meticulously documented, its 15 chapters present the artist's career from its origins in the latter years of the Ancien Régime, through the tides of political and artistic fortune that ensued until his death early in the Restoration era. They treat the whole of his production, which centered on the allegorical and portrait subjects that primarily attracted him. His many illustrations and decorative ensembles are presented in that context, and his superlative skills as a draftman are duly emphasized.... This update of the record justly challenges a long and underserved neglect of a major individualist...."

LE SIEGE DE MONS PAR LOUIS XIV EN 1691. ACTES DU COLLOQUE DU 16 MARS 1991 SUR LE TRICENTENAIRE DU SIEGE DE MONS PAR LOUIS XIV (15 MARS–6 AVRIL 1691). Mons: Annales du Cercle Archéologique de Mons, 1992.

Review: B. Demoulin in RBPH 76.2 (1998), 613–14: " . . . ces actes du colloque consacré au siège de Mons, fort bien édités, seront utiles aux spécialistes des relations internationales, de l'histoire militaire, cartographique ou culturelle au siècle de Louis XIV."

LEHAN, RICHARD. The City in Literature: An Intellectual and Cultural History. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.

Review: S. M. Nuernberg in Choice 36.2 (1998), 309: "L. ... sees the city as an evolving construct in Western literature, philosophy, urban history, and modernist art.... The author divides the volume into five parts: 'Reading the City/Reading the Text,' 'Enlightenment Legacy,' 'Modernism/Urbanism,' 'American RePresentations, and 'After The Waste Land.' She also includes ten illustrations, an epilogue, an extensive bibliography, and an author/subject/title index."

LEPROUX, GUY-MICHEL. "La corporation des peintres et des sculpteurs à Paris dans les premières années du XVIIe siècle." DSS 201 (1998), 649–668.

Author looks at the longstanding conflicts and rivalries between painters and sculptors, members of the same guild until the creation of the Académie.

LESNIK-OBERSTEIN, KARIN, ed. Children in Culture: Approaches to Childhood. New York: Macmillan, UK/St. Martin's, 1998.

Review: R. B. Stewart Jr. in Choice 36.6 (1999), 1047: "Psychologists, developmentalists, historians, anthropologists, and literary critics combine their experise to explore how and why different ideas about children have arisen throughout ... history...." Particularly interesting for its interdisciplinary slant.

LESTRINGANT, FRANK, éd. La France-Amérique (XVIe–XVIIIe siècles). Actes du XXXVe Colloque international d'études humanistes. Paris: Champion, 1998.

Review: W. Monter in BHR 61.1 (1999), 296–98: "This miscellany of papers, originally constituting a French celebration of the Columbus quincentenary, now appears in print six years after the original event." While praising a number of the thirty scholarly contributions to the volume, the reviewer challenges "the glaring omission, the large hole near the center of the subject being evaluated after many centuries." M. finds that "As a phrase in France, 'la France-Amérique' evokes a post-1830 enterprise in direct colonization of Africa. To someone in North America, where a sizeable share of Francophones are of African descent, it has an entirely different meaning, the Caribbean face of the failed French colonial enterprise across the Atlantic. And without confronting the issue of French colonial slaveholding in the West Indies, colloquies such as this also testify to a loss of French memory and of French conscience."

LOOME, ALBERT J. "The Destruction of Rubens's 'Crucifixion' in the Queen's Chapel, Somerset House." Burlington Magazine 140 (1998), 680–2.

The account of the destruction of Queen Henrietta- Maria's chapel at Somerset House, when puritan radicals in the House of Commons sought laws to abolish "diabolical religious paintings of Christ or the Virgin Mary." Loome successfully traced the fate of this painting thanks to the discovery of a "Relation" written by the friars of the Queen's chapel, first published in Jean Mauzaize's 3-volume history of the Capucins in 17th century France.

LOUGEE-CHAPPELL, CAROLYN. "'The Pains I took to Save My/His Family': Escape Accounts by a Huguenot Mother and Daughter after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes." FHS 22 (1999), 1–64.

A comparison of the escape accounts of two members of the Huguenot family Robillard de Champagné, mother and daughter. This article offers insights into what emigration meant to families and how women experienced expatriation or exile, as well as an investigation of the process through which memoirs are written and how historians can read them to best advantage.

LUGLI, ADALGISA. Naturalia et mirabilia. Les Cabinets de curiosités en Europe. Trad.M.-L. Lentengre. Paris: Adam Biro, 1998.

Review: J. Lacoste in QL 751 (1998), 16: Ce livre "fait revivre avec intelligence une période importante, et pourtant négligée, de l'histoire de l'art et de la science, les 'cabinets de curiosités' des XVIe et XVIIe siècles. Cette étude ... est ... une réflexion d'ordre esthétique, riche d'illustrations étranges, sur le phénomène à bien des égards énigmatiques, de la collection.... Elle nous ramène à l'aurore de l'institution problématique du musée dont elle entreprend de faire rien moins que l'archéologie en dressant le portrait du collectionneur en artiste."

LYNN, JOHN A. Giant of the Grand Siècle: The French Army, 1610–1715. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Review: Joseph L. Allaire in FR 72 (1999), 963–64: The first truly comprehensive study of the armies of Louis XIII and XIV. Transformations, composition, weapon technologies and tactics (especially the shift from siege warfare and construction of forts) are presented clearly. A useful reference tool for literary studies.

See French 17 (1998).

MARLEY, DAVID F. Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the New World, 1492 to the Present. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio, 1998.

Review: D. Auchter in Choice 36.6 (1999), 1045–1046: "Marley's comprehensive chronicle of 500 years of military conflict provides greater detail about wars fought on American continents than do standard military reference books."

MASSIP, CATHERINE. "L'édition musicale en France aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles: un témoin illusoire du goût?" RFHL 100–101 (1998), 269–282.

"Miroir fidèle ou déformant, l'édition musicale est pourtant un remarquable témoin révélateur de l'évolution des formes et de la pratique musicale. . . . [I]l est temps de s'interroger sur les perspectives nouvelles que les publications de répertoires de sources réalisées depuis cinquante ans ont pu apporter."

MECHOULAN, ERIC, DANIEL VAILLANCOURT et MARIE-FRANCE WAGNER. "L'entrée dans Toulouse ou la ville théâtralisée." DSS 201 (1998), 613–637.

Studies the royal entry as theatrical performance in which the urban space is transformed "pour et par la cérémonie" into a spectacle of the monarch.

MELTZER, SARA and KATHRYN NORBERG, eds. From the Royal to the Republican Body. Incorporating the Political in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century France. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.

Review: n.a. in VQR 75.1 (1999), 8: Book discusses "...the politics of the body. This well-researched and well-written collection of essays is ... a welcome addition to this already substantial literature. In a chronologically ordered series of studies, major scholars from a number of different disciplines make a convincing case for the centrality of bodily practices, as well as metaphors, in the transition from royal absolutism to republicanism in France. One of the real strengths of this collection is its attention to the relatively neglected question of the role of dance in 17th- and 18th-century political culture (essays by Mark Franko, Susan Leign, and Susan McClary), as well as to such obvious corporeal topics as sexuality, punishment, medicine, and clothing. The essays are also consistently attentive to issues of gender and race. All in all, this volume persuades the reader of the importance of the body to the study of political culture."

Review: J. Black in JES 28 (1998), 414–415: "This exciting account of cultural identities and politics begins with a bold statement of the centrality of the subject: 'Few states were as body centered as seventeenth- and eighteenth-century France. The rhetoric, rites, and rhythm of political life derived from bodies. Political discourse abounded in body metaphors.' Debate about these and other bodies provides an interesting way to explore beliefs and tensions in ancien régime France and to understand rising problems with the image of the Bourbon monarchy. The essays are methodologically acute and provoke much thought. At times the fascination with image is pushed too far, but the collection provides an insightful exploration of the culture of the period. Jeffrey Merrik indicates how the image of the royal body could be employed to criticize the monarchy—a theme of many of the essays; Abby Zanger considers images of Louis XIV at the close of the Mazarin period, explaining why there was a need to stress his potency; Mark Franko has a rather humourless discussion of Louis XIV's cross-dressing roles, with opaque passages ... Susan McClary considers the very different agendas of French and German composers of dance pieces, with a focus on the body. Joseph Roach discusses the Code Noir and links this to control over black bodies. Thomas Kaiser looks at criticism of Louis XV.... A stimulating collection."

MILLER, PAVIA. Transformations of Patriarchy in the West, 1500–1800. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1998.

Review: S. Bailey in Choice 36.10 (1999), 1859: "In this major contribution to European social history M. has succeeded in doing to history what Richard Wagner did to music—weaving together powerful motifs with dramatic results. She traces such major themes as the rise of fraternalism, the emergence of bureaucracy, the growth of capitalism, and the evolution of modern schooling. All can be said to have triumphed at the cost of patriarchal domination. What shifts have taken place in the West in the mechanisms of social control? She finds that external coercion has given way to internal restraint, and that what appears to be a regimentation is triumph of gyroscopic engineering. This is a fascinating and impressive argument, one that owes much to historical materialism but goes beyond it. Impressive, too, is the way that M. shows that domination, while becoming internalized, remains strongly gendered."

MINOIS, GEORGE. History of Suicide: Voluntary Death in Western Culture. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1999.

Review: n.a. in VQR 75.3 (1999), 82: "This global study traces the ethical, political, literary, and judicial controversies surrounding the problem of suicide from antiquity to the end of the Enlightenment. M. tells a story of Western culture's complex and discontinuous attitudes toward self-murder. One continuity, however, ... is the inverse relationship between state power and the political opposition to suicide."

Review: J. A. Kegley in Choice 36.11/12 (1999), 2022: "Based on a variety of sources from religious and philosophical texts to judicial proceedings and personal journals, M.'s illumnating study shows that Western culture's attitude toward voluntary death has been contradictory and highly ambivalent.... M. discusses how the debate on suicide began with Shakespeare's Hamlet, in a time of doubt and conflicting values. It continued until the 19th century.... M. describes suicide historically as a class phenomenon: suicides among the elite were fewer in number but tolerated by society, which saw them as done for nobler reasons...; among the common people suicide resulted from excessive physical, moral, and emotional suffering and remained stable but subject to 'judicial savagery'."

MOINET, ERIC, JEAN-PIERRE CUZIN, ELISABETH MARTIN and CLAIRE BARRY. Le Saint Sébastien soigné par Irène de Georges de La Tour. Orléans: Musée des Beaux-Arts, 1998.

Review: P. Conisbee in Burlington Magazine 141 (1999), 291–2: Essays concerning 'St. Sebastian tended by Irene', of which there are ten known copies. The review deals mainly with a dossier-exhibit mounted by E. Moinet around the Orléans copy of the painting.

MONOD, PAUL KLEBER. The Power of Kings. Monarchs and Religion in Europe, 1589–1715. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.

MUCHEMBLED, ROBERT. La société policée. Politique et politesse en France du XVIe au XXe siècles. Paris: Seuil, 1999.

Review: A.-G. Slama in Le Point 1385 (1999), 100–102: Selon R.M., "la cause du déclin actuel de la civilité serait à imputer à la décomposition de la nation, à l'affaiblissement de l'Etat et de la loi.... A lire M., il semble que ce soit d'abord la noblesse de robe et la bourgeoisie cultivée des villes, et non la cour, qui, de François Ier à Louis XIII, aient donné le ton. Les lecteurs français du Courtisan de Baldassare Castiglione, publié à Venise en 1528, étaient des citadins irrités par les mœurs brutales des nobles guerriers. Ce modèle a été diffusé par les académies, les gazettes et les salons. Il a façonné la figure typiquement française de 'l'honnête homme.' Le génie de Louis XIV est d'en avoir fait un instrument de pouvoir politique, en le fixant dans l'étiquette de la cour. En 1664, sous la plume de Nicolas Faret, la culture de l'honnête homme, faite de maîtrise de l'agressivité et de féminisation des valeurs masculines, est devenue un 'art de plaire à la cour.' Arbitre de bon ton, le Roi-Soleil règle les conduites et les modes de consommation."

MUNSTERBERG, HUGO and MARJORIE. World Ceramics: From Prehistoric to Modern Times. New York: Penguin Studio, 1998.

Review: A. C. Garzio in Choice 36.10 (1999), 1774: "This abbreviated pictorial history of ceramics, from 6,000 BCE to the present day, at first glance might seem too compressed, encompassed in 11 very brief chapters, including a foreward, preface, and short bibliography. On the other hand, the curtailed narration of various periods that have enriched this field of human endeavor might well be the answer for the novice student in ceramics, a general art buff, or a beginning collector. Almost 200 outstanding color photographs should encourage further exploration in this important art field."

NACHISON, BETH. "Absentee Government and Provincial Governors in Early Modern France: The Princes of Condé and Burgundy, 1660–1720." FHS 21 (1998), 265–97.

An examination of the absentee government of the princes of Condé in Burgundy illustrates the means by which the governors maintained effective power from a distance: an active network of provincial clients who made regular trips back and forth to the court in order to keep the princes in daily contact with provincial affairs. Nachison notes that "provincial governors under Louis XIV continued to occupy a critical space between the royal court and the local elites regardless of where they resided."

NATIVEL, COLETTE, éd. Centuriae latinae. Cent une figures humanistes de la Renaissance aux Lumières offertes à Jacques Chomarat. Genève: Droz, 1997.

Review: Y. Bellenger in BHR 60.3 (1998), 832–35: " . . . la promenade humaniste [philologues, philosophes, médecins, juristes, théologiens] qui nous est offerte couvre effectivement trois siècles, dans la mesure où elle part du XIVe siècle. Inaugurée par l''incursion médiévale' de Lulle, parfaitement justifiée en effet, elle va de Pétrarque à la fin du XVIIe siècle." Notices classées par ordre alphabétique; aucun tableau chronologique.

NORA, PIERRE, ed. Realms of Memory: The Construction of the French Past. English language edition edited byLawrence D. Kritzman;trans.Arthur Goldhammer. Vol. III: Symbols. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

Review: C. Todd in JES 28 (1998), 414–415: Study of symbols of identity which still inform French perception of the past today. "Jacques Le Goff, Jean-Pierre Babelon and Edouard Pommier present three places originally linked to the monarchy: Rheims, the Louvre, and Versailles..., Michel Winock and François Azouvi show the disputed memories of Jeanne d'Arc and Descartes..., Marc Fumaroli presents the universality of the French language before being deprived of its royal roots. The English-language version is again well-produced, with an elegant well-written translation. Again, there are comments to elucidate terms not immediately comprehensible to an English-speaking audience."

PASQUIER, ETIENNE. Les Recherches de la France, édition critique établie sous la direction de Marie-Madeleine Fragonard et François Roudaut. Paris: Honoré Champion, 1996.

Review: Christian Jouhaud in DSS 202 (1999), 203–204: The first modern edition of Pasquier's work, this book reproduces the 1665 edition and includes an introduction, glossary, index and bibliography. The annotation is relevant "sans jamais glisser vers le commentaire bavard." Reviewer emphasizes "l'importance et la superbe qualité de cette édition qui permet enfin de lire et de comprendre Pasquier."

PEI, IEOH MING. "Les métamorphoses du Louvre." RDM (septembre 1999), 90–92.

"Ce texte est extrait d'une conférence prononcée le 10 avril 1999, à l'auditorium du Louvre, dans la série 'Musée-musées'."

PEKACZ, JOLANTA T. "The Salonnières and the Philosophes in Old Regime France. The Authority of Aesthetic Judgement." JHI 60.2 (1999), 277–297.

By examining two operatic quarrels of the 18th-c., the author demonstrates how women came to be excluded from aesthetic arbitration and did not maintain "their roles as guardians of propriety and good manners for the philosophes."

PELLEGRINI, ROSA GALLI. "Turcs et turquesques nell'Ibrahim di Georges de Scudéry." Lo Straniero. Mario Domenichelli and Pino Fasano, eds. 2 vols. Rome: Bulzoni, 1997. 2: 555–67.

Review: C. Bernazzoli in SFr 42 (1998), 566–7: After emphasizing the literary value and the typically baroque thematics of Ibrahim, Pellegrini spends some time describing the political project which contributed to the genesis of Scudéry's first novel: due to the official participation of France in the Thirty Years' War, in the context of which good relations with the Ottoman Empire were indispensable, Richelieu put some effort into reestablishing ties with the oriental world during the first decades of the 17th century. Scudéry took it upon himself to stimulate the interest of his readers towards the east by conveying a positive image of the Turk, and of Suleiman II as the ideal monarch. P. then examines the narrative devices used by Scudéry to carry out his plan.

PELLETIER, MONIQUE, et al. Couleurs de la Terre. Paris: Seuil/Bibliothèque de France, 1998.

Review: G. Lascault in QL 751 (1998), 14: Livre-catalogue publié en parallèle à l'exposition "Couleurs de la Terre" à la BN, site Richelieu. "A la fin du XVIe et au XVIIe siècle, les cartes géographiques japonaises donnent à voir des montagnes arrondies, des sites ennuagés et étincelants de poudre d'or, des vagues stylisés. En France, sous Louis XIV, apparaissent les premiers plans en relief, outils pédagogiques et stratégiques des paysages en réduction. Pour limiter le nombre de forteresses, Vauban, en 1670, suggère au roi de 'faire son pré carré'...."

PERELLA, LISA. "French Song in the 1660s." SCFS 20 (1998), 83–94.

Valuable discussion of the growth, development, and social place of songs over the decade with special attention to the formative influences of the composition and especially the method of Bacilly.

PERROT, MICHELLE. Les femmes ou les silences de l'Histoire. Paris: Flammarion, 1998.

Review: C. Dauphin in QL 751 (1998), 20: "Le parcours prend ici la forme d'un recueil d'articles, présenté comme autant de jalons dans un des courants les plus foissonnants de l'historiographie récente.... Les 'silences' imposés aux femmes se conjugent au propre comme au figuré, dans leur présence au monde et dans la culture écrite, dans l'opacité des traces comme dans l'opération historiographique curieusement frappée de cécité à leur égard.... La chronologie aurait pu servir de fil directeur, elle s'impose en filigrane." Ce livre "offre une autre lecture de l'histoire des femmes. L'agencement de ces éclats de recherche, dans une perspective nouvelle, thématique et chronologique, montre que le théâtre des 'ombres silencieuses' reste le lieu bouillonnant de rêves et d'espoirs, l'amorce d'une appropriation de la mémoire.... [L]'histoire des femmes ainsi restituée sert de fil d'Ariane pour revisiter les problèmes posés en tout temps: travail, pouvoir, souffrance, violence, séduction."

PIERRARD, JEAN. "La peinture des bords de l'eau." Review of an exhibition entitled "La marine à voile de 1650 à 1890" at the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen. Summer 1999. Le Point 1401 (1999), 76.

PIERRARD, JEAN. Review of "Miroirs du Grand Siècle. Exposition à la Fondation Mona-Bismark," July 1999. Le Point 1395 (1000), 129.

Gravures du Grand Siècle, venues de Boston, y compris: Callot, Brébiette, Daret, Tortebat, Bellange, Le Lorrain, La Hyre, Mellan, Huret, Nanteuil, Samuel Bernard.

PIERRARD, JEAN. Review of the "Exposition de Desportes" at the Marly, July 1999. Le Point 1395 (1999), 139.

Positive review overall.

PIERRARD, JEAN. Review of an exhibition celebrating the 17th-c. architect François Mansart, Archives nationales, fall-winter 1998–1999. Le Point 1362 (1998), 125.

"Une exposition qui retrace les grandes étapes de sa carrière.... Indispensable pour comprendre ce qui, pendant deux siècles et demi au moins, va constituer l'axe direct de l'architecture française."

PIERRARD, JEAN. "La sublime fabrique du Bernin." Review of an exhibition of the works of Bernini in Italy, fall 99. Le Point 1407 (1999), 86–88.

Includes discussion of "la maquette intacte de la statue du Roi-Soleil."

PILLORGET, RENE et SUZANNE. "Un présent posthume du Cardinal Mazarin au duc Auguste de Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1661)." RFHL 100–101 (1998), 243–268.

L'article examine le Catalogue des livres de l'Imprimerie royale que Mazarin avait destiné pour le duc de Brunswick. "[L]a composition de cet envoi de livres correspondait à la volonté de servir le prestige français."

PIOFFET, MARIE-CHRISTINE. "Relations de missions et intertextualité: les voies de Paul Lejeune et de Christian Leclercq." PFSCL 25 (1998), 497–509.

Pioffet shows how the two Jesuits' "relations de missions" from New France manage, beyond their diverging viewpoints, to establish a "répertoire axiologique, en vertu duquel les protagonistes du récit sont appréhendés et rapatriés dans la sphère des valeurs européennes."

POMMIER, EDOUARD. Théories du portrait. De la Renaissance aux Lumières. Paris: Gallimard, 1998.

Review: Karl Cogard in DSS 203 (1999), 406–408: The first part of this book studies Italian theories of the portrait; the second focuses on the paradoxical status of the portrait during le grand siècle. Considered a genre mineur under Louis XIV, the portrait was nonetheless a propaganda tool and very much in vogue as a literary and plastic art form. Reviewer writes "[L]oin de n'être qu'un chapitre de l'histoire de l'art, l'auteur montre l'importance du portrait, que n'ont d'ailleurs jamais démentie les plus grands peintres, en le plaçant dans un cadre philosophique, socio-historique et anthropologique."

POWELL, KIRSTEN H. Fables in Frames: La Fontaine and Visual Culture in Nineteenth-Century France. New York: Peter Lang, 1997.

Review: Terence Allott in FS 53.1 (1999), 73–74: The nineteenth century witnessed an upsurge of interest in La Fontaine. "Powell tackles the issues of why and how fables appeared in art during that period. She concentrates particularly on illustrators and caricaturists who transformed the material inherited from La Fontaine into commentaries, usually subversive and sceptical, upon contemporary social and political questions. . . . The strength of Powell's book lies in that minute attention to graphic detail which characterizes the art historian."

PRAKASH, OM. European Commercial Enterprise in Pre-Colonial India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Review: D. L. White in Choice 36.6 (1999), 1113: "P. examines the trading operations of the European East India Companies and private European traders in Asia between 1500 and 1800.... The book concentrates on the Portuguese, Dutch, and British, but it also includes material on the lesser French, Danish, and Ostend companies while considering Asia-Europe and inter-Asian trade, both official and private.... [T]his work must be the starting point for anyone investigating the nature of premodern, European relations with the subcontinent."

RADICE, MARK A, ed. Opera in Context: Essays on Historical Staging from the Late Renaissance to the Time of Puccini. Portland, Oregon: Amadeus, 1998.

Review: J. Girdham in Choice 36.2 (1998), 328: Includes contributions on 17th-century theaters in Paris. "The essayists discuss how physical attributes of the various theaters, from the buildings themselves to specific stage sets and machinery, influenced productions." Thorough bibliography.

RANUM, PATRICIA, OREST RANUM, et ROBERT DESCIMON, eds. Jean le Boindre, Débats du parlement de Paris pendant la minorité de Louis XIV. Paris: Champion, 1997.

Review: Pierre Ronzeaud in PFSCL 26 (1999), 231–32: This publication is according to the reviewer "une fort utile opportunité de contextualisation de la parole littéraire politique (dès pamphlets aux Mémoires en passant par le théâtre de Corneille ou même les "Triolets" de Saint-Amant)...".

RAPLEY, ROBERT. A Case of Witchcraft: The Trial of Urbain Grandier. Montreal/Buffalo: McGill/Queen's, 1998.

Review: R. B. Barnes in Choice 36.8 (1999), 1525: "The sensational story of Urbain Grandier (d.1634), priest of Loudun in western France, and his trial and execution for sorcery has been told and retold many times .... R., an independent scholar, has studied virtually all the relevant sources, both primary and secondary, as well as a considerable background literature on early modern witchcraft, politics, social tensions, and gender relations.... R.'s reconstruction of the sexual, political, and legal entanglements that led to Grandier's buring at the stake is generally persuasive, if still quite speculative. He disputes some aspects of the tale as traditionally told, and offers a few genuinely original insights. Scholars of the period will find that he often oversimplifies complex background in order to tell a good story." Nonetheless, "a very good read."

RAYMOND, GINO. Historical Dictionary of France. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 1998.

Review: S. F. Roberts in Choice 36.10 (1999), 1766: "R.'s dictionary seeks to illuminate France's rise, decline, and important role in world affairs and culture.... The contemporary emphasis is the dictionary's greatest strength.... Useful features include a map of regions, a list of monarchs and presidents...."

ROBERTS, HELENE E., ed. Encyclopedia of Comparative Iconography: Themes Depicted in Works of Art. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1998.

Review: M. Nilsen in Choice 36.3 (1998), 492: "R.'s encyclopedia provides a key to original narratives from myth, religion, and literature that have been used in art, but unlike most sources, it focuses on actions and concepts rather than characters.... How actions, situations, and concepts have been treated through history and in different cultures constitutes the core of 120 alphabetical entires by 42 contributing scholars. Related topics, selected works of art, and a compact bibliography conclude each section.... This monumental source reflects the shift from art history focused on connoisseurship to a current concern for the context of a work of art and the insight it provides into the history, economy, politics, and culture of the time and place in which it originated.... [T]he scholar's companion in the study of iconography."

ROSENBERG, PIERRE. "Poussin's Roman Beginnings." Burlington Magazine 141 (1999), 191–3.

Review of the exhibition "Nicolas Poussin: I primi anni romani" at the Palazzo degli Esposizioni in Rome, a "daring and stimulating" exhibition based around the rediscovery of the long lost "Destruction of the Temple at Jerusalem" in 1995.

SALVATORE, PHILIPPE. La chasse sous l'Ancien Régime. Paris: Fayard, 1996.

Review: Christian Desplat in RHMC 46 (1998), 373–75: On a subject that would seem already exhaustively treated, a brilliant rereading of historical sources resulting in an especially solid depiction of hunting's relation to society. Traces the chaotic detail of legal regulation, rules and conventions, the collaboration of booksellers-printers in Part I; Part II, "d'une remarquable nouveauté" examines the table of "bons et mauvais gibiers," the humanization of nature, and the status of animals.

SMITH, BONNIE. The Gender of History: Men, Women, and Historical Practice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998.

Review: S. S. Arpad in Choice 36.7 (1999), 1317: "S. begins by challenging historians' claims that the modern, scientific, professional methods of history allow them to practice a 'value-free' science. In a series of eight essays, she demonstrates the ways in which history is gendered, arguing tht 'the coupling of science and politics is the quintessential installation of sexual difference at the core of professional history'." Ranges across many Western countries.

SMITH, PAMELA. "Science and Taste: Painting, Passions, and the New Philosophy in Seventeenth-Century Leiden." Isis 90 (1999), 421–61.

Remarkable essay paralleling the practice of the new science by Sylvius, professor of practical medicine (16581672) and pioneer in its institutionalization with his taste in art collecting and the display of it in his Leiden residence. Explores the subject of medical quackery in Brouwer, the personification of the senses in Jan Molenaer's series, the illusionism of Dou. Memorable collection of 16 illustrations from the 140 or so paintings owned. This methodologically rich study deserves to stand in the company of Panofsky's of Galileo.

SOLE, JACQUES. Les origines intellectuelles de la Révocation de l'édit de Nantes. Saint-Etienne: Publications de l'Université de Saint-Etienne, 1997.

Review: L Bergon in BHR 61.1 (1999), 322–23: "Il faut saluer la volonté de Jacques Solé de mettre à la disposition d'un plus large public, et sous une forme allégée, le résultat de ses travaux dans ce domaine. On peut regretter toutefois l'absence totale de notes, ou plutôt l'obligation de se reporter à sa thèse pour obetnir des éclaircissements ou des renseignements." Bibliographie "pas remise à jour."

See French 17 (1998).

SOMVILLE, PIERRE. "Le poison de Britannicus." ECL 67 (1999), 255–8.

Somville attempts to show "la vérité esthétique" of the account given in Tacitus of the death of Britannicus, comparing the known effects and problems of poisoning by white arsenic ("anhydride arsénieux") with the textual evidence presented by Tacitus.

SOURCES ET FONTAINES DU MOYEN AGE A L'AGE BAROQUE. ACTES DU COLLOQUE TENU A L'UNIVERSITE PAUL VALERY DE MONTPELLIER (MONTPELLIER III) LES 28, 29 ET 30 NOVEMBRE 1996. Paris: Champion, 1998.

Review: D. Duport in BHR 61.2 (1999), 614–15: "Pour l'âge baroque: à Versailles, on ne célèbre plus l'artifice qui imite la nature, mais la machine qui contrôle tous les flux (C. Fricheau); Larmes et lavement de pieds ou les effets de la Grâce dans les 'Elévations sur Marie-Madeleine' de Bérulle (Ch. Belin); douze sonnets de Georges de Scudéry sur la Fontaine-de-Vaucluse mèlent pétrarquisme, baroque et rêverie mélancolique (E. Duperray); dans 'Les Amours de Psyche et de Cupidon' de La Fontaine, l'eau organise une réflexion sur le langage et le désir de voir (M. Baschera); qu'en est-il de l'eau dans le roman de 1660 à 1680? (I. Trivisani-Moreau); eaux purifiantes et eaux d'illusion dans tous les spectacles musicaux aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles (A. Fiaschi); sur la représentation contemporaine des fontaines dans l'opéra baroque (Ch. Deshoulières)."

SOUTHALL, AIDAN. The City in Time and Space. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Review: P. O. Muller in Choice 36.11/12 (1999), 1994: "Ambitious in its broad sweep and written both elegantly and insightfully, this book aims to trace the long and complex thread of urbanism over the past eight millennia.... The 'time' element is given major priority, but the literature treating 'space' has not been adequately engaged.... Following a pair of introductory chapters, the heart of the book treats Greece and Rome; Europe's feudal cities; ... and the transformation of the Western city from feudalism to capitalism and 'on to the apocalypse'." Only 11 illustrations.

STERLING, CHARLES, et al. The Robert Lehman Collection: V. 2: Fifteenth- to Eighteenth-Century European Paintings: France, Central Europe, the Netherlands, Spain, and Great Britain. Princeton, NJ: Metropolitan Museum of Art/ Princeton University Press, 1998.

Review: J. I. Miller in Choice 36.10 (1998), 1773: "There are some significant works among the collection's 42 non-Italian paintings within the given time span... [S]tudents and scholars will appreciate the extended discussions summarizing the recent scholarship."

SUMMERFIELD, CAROL and MARY ELIZABETH DEVINE, eds. International Dictionary of University Histories. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1998.

Review: M. Lorenzen in Choice 36.2 (1998), 298: "Treating the history of more than 200 institutions of higher education throughout the world, this book's entries give capsule descriptions of the schools, photographs of some part of the campus, four- to five-page histories, and bibliographies for further reading.... The institutions were selected both for their historical significance and because they represent different political, religious, ideological, or communal goals."

TE BRAKE, WAYNE. Shaping History. Ordinary People in European Politics, 1500–1700. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.

Review: J. Black in JES 28 (1998), 411: "A wide-ranging and important contribution to the understanding of early modern European history. Te Brake... skillfully links social and political developments to provide an account of social politics that suggests an ongoing process of popular pressure and interaction with state formation, rather than an episodic series of uprisings, whether revolutionary or reactive.... Te Brake certainly demonstrates the value of placing accounts of developments in particular states in a wider context.... Much of the fascination of this important book rests in its ability to provoke thought."

THIROUIN, LAURENT. L'aveuglement salutaire: Le réquisitoire contre le théâtre dans la France classique. Paris: Champion, 1997.

Review: Henry Phillips in FS 53.1 (1999), 61–62: T. lacks references to commentary concerning the same aspects of the debate reproduced in his book. Reviewer has reservations about the interpretation of the question of ritual and the place of Saint Charles Borromée in the quarrel in France. Nevertheless T. demonstrates well the paradoxes of certain arguments of moralists and brings out the originality of Nicole.

TROUT, ANDREW. City on the Seine: Paris in the Time of Richelieu and Louis XIV. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996.

Review: Marc Bertrand in FR 72 (1999), 586–87: More than the architectural history suggested by the title, this book works on many levels to constitute a social history of the urban space, a contestatory space of power struggle, reform, and commercial enterprise. Merits a place on the bookshelves of any lover of Paris.

See French 17 (1997).

URL: http://www.mcad.edu/AICT/index.html. Art Images for College Teaching (AICT).

Review: R. P. Meden in Choice Supplement 36 (1999), 71: "The site is organized into five primary chronological and cultural groupings, each of which is divided into subcategories according to historical/style periods, providing a series of screens displaying thumbnail image exerpts, all with a brief caption. Clicking on any thumbnail will open a full screen of that image, along with descriptive information.... Contents of the disks, or portions thereof, may be downloaded into institutional or personal electronic image files for noncommercial purposes and may be adapted or reconfigured."

URL: http://www-lib.usc.edu/~retter/main.html. The Lesbian History Project: Links to Lesbian History.

Review: E. Broidy in Choice Supplement 36 (1999), 158: Laundry list of names; however, many important links. "An enormous undertaking. With more concentrated focus on the promotion of lesbian history and less emphasis on lists of who may or may not have been lesbian, this could become one of the more significant history-focused sites on the Web."

URL: http://ihr.sas.ac.uk/maps/. Map History/History of Cartography: The Gateway to the Subject.

Review: C. C. Kolb in Choice Supplement 36 (1999), 158: Site devoted to the study of early maps. Includes "General Guide to various aspects of map history and Links to Relevant Web Sites. The coverage of topics relating to cartography both in the US and Europe is excellent."

URL: http://www.harbrace.com/art/gardner. Gateway to Art History.

Review: N. M. Lambert in Choice Supplement 36 (1999), 73: Sites relevant to the study of art history, "placed... in the context of the chapters from Gardner's Art Through the Ages..., hundreds of links to sites around the world."

URL: http://www.ipl.org/exhibit/mushist/. Music History 102: A Guide to Western Composers and Their Music from the Middle Ages to the Present.

Review: B. A. Thompson in Choice 36.7 (1999), 1276: Divided into 6 parts based on time period. Contains "thumbnail sketches of each era, with references to some 30 representative composers in all. Sound bites are presented on RealPlayer audio, which gives a brief exposure to specific works but lacks depth and is less than ideal in sound quality."

VAN STRIEN, KEES. Touring the Low Countries. Accounts of British Travelers, 1660–1720. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1999.

Review: Alastair Hamilton in TLS 5011 (16 Apr. 1999), 40: Itineraries arranged by cities including some that became French (Dunkirk, Arras, Douai, Calais). A good introduction gives interesting information on contemporary guidebooks, travalers' financial accounts, as well as journal entries. A fine counterbalance to the savagery of contemporary official propaganda.

VAN DER CRYSSE, DIRK. Chardin le Persan. Paris: Fayard, 1998.

Review: Roger Zuber in BSHPF 145 (1999), 210–12: "Ouvrage définitif," gracefully written, based on a considerable collection of unpublished documents that allow for the first time a full reconstruction of Chardin's activities in London.

VIDAL, CLAUDINE et FREDERIC PILLEBOUE, éds. La Paix de Vervins, 1598. Société archéologique et historique de Vervins et de la Tiérache, 1998.

Review: B. Nicollier in BHR 61.1 (1999), 323–25: Volume sorti à l'occasion du quatrième centenaire du traité de Vervins: "fort utile pour étudier et enseigner l'histoire diplomatique de la fin du XVIe siècle."

WERTHEIMER, MOLLY MEIJER, ed. Listening to Their Voices: The Rhetorical Activities of Historical Women. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1997.

Review: Criticism 41.4 (1999), 151–153: W. examines "women's rhetorical history and the ways that women have affected traditional rhetorical theory from their positions of marginality." 18 essays; 5 sections. First "focuses on the patriarchal conditions that historically rendered the voices of women silent." Second "is a sample of rhetorical pratices" over the centuries. Third "deals specifically with women's writing that was sanctioned by religious beliefs." Fourth "examines the strategies that women have used to appropriate intellectual and educational territories previously held exclusively by men." Fifth concentrates on 20th c.

WILKIN, REBECCA. "Les mots et les choses 'aux Hurons': L'archéologie d'une rencontre." FLS 25 (1998), 55–75.

Article deals largely with Colbert's aggressive colonization of Quebec. Includes observation that colonization marked a domain where "l'Etat se mêle de ce qui avait été le domaine exclusif de l'Eglise." Among the topics mentioned in the essay are Colbert's displeasure with the Church at how slowly Amerindian peoples assimilated French culture. Of note also is author's emphasis on language as a colonization strategy. Originally, Champlain believed that teaching French to the native populations would suffice in terms of their Europeanization. When this technique failed, the Jesuits decided to "captiver les 'coeurs&courages' amérindiens par leurs propres langues." Wilkin then discusses the various lexical, grammatical, written, and rhetorical barriers native languages presented to the French. For both Colbert and the Jesuits, this "impuissance verbale" contributed significantly to the failure of the Europeans to acculturate peoples of the New World.

WINE, HUMPHREY. "Claude Lorrain." Burlington Magazine 140 (1998), 858–9.

An exhibition review of "Claude Lorrain and the ideal Landscape" in the National Museum of Western Art in Tokyo. Wine calls it an "ambitious exhibition... accompanied by a well-produced catalogue," but notes the surprising absence of any of Claude's port scenes of the late 1630's and 1640's.

WINTHROP, JOHN. The Journal of John Winthrop, 1630–1649. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.

Review: n.a. in VQR 73.4 (1997), 128: Includes first governor of Massachusetts' commentary on "relationships of the English colonists to their native Dutch, and French, neighbors."

WOLFE, KATHRYN WILLIS AND PHILIP J. WOLFE, eds. Humanisme et politique: lettres romaines de Christophe Dupuy à ses frères. Vol. II: 1646–1649. PFSCL/Biblio 17, 103 (1997).

Review: Antonella Amatuzzi in PFSCL 26 (1999), 247–248: "Une bibliographie sélective complète ce travail d'édition sérieux auquel il faut rendre hommage."

Review: Mark Bannister in FS 53.2 (1999), 203: These 84 letters provide a picture of the factors that affected French interests in Rome during the decade. "Dupuy's accounts of the reactions of the French, Spanish and ecclesiastical communities in Rome to political events elsewhere provide a valuable insight into the tensions that exercised a strong influence on policy-making in Paris. . . . [A] very useful contribution to our knowledge of the period."

Review: C. Rizza in SFr 42 (1998), 338: A collection of 84 letters sent by C. Dupuy to his brothers from Rome in 1647–49. R. indicates the letters deal mostly with relations between France and Rome: the contrast between the policies and practices of Innocent X and Mazarin, and the decline of the Barbarini family after the death of Urban VIII. Praiseworthy for the numerous and precise notes accompanying each letter.

YARROW, PHILIP. "Henriette d'Angleterre." SCFS 20 (1998), 95–107.

Thoroughly documented and pleasantly written portrait of the personal charms of the princess and the mind that was receptive to and influential on the writers of her time. Valuable judgments on the "speculative" nature of some traditional anecdotes.

ZANGER, ABBY. Scenes from the Marriage of Louis XIV: Nuptial Fictions and the Making of Absolutist Power. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997.

Review: E. Goldsmith in SubStance 28.1 (1999), 133–135: Z. argues that Louis XIV's marraige "set in motion the process of fiction-making that was to become so crucial to the spectacle of sovereign power under the sun king." Z. studies images of kinship, what she calls a "marriage archive," including pamphlets, almanacs, news accounts, etc., and maintains that "the more ephemeral commentaires on the marriage gave voice to a public fascination with the spectacle of power in the making, providing both harmonious and competing interpretations of the event and, above all, of its significance in the life of the young king.... Z. shows how the Infanta's initiation to the French court involved a symbolic conquest and refashioning of the Spanish by the French." The last two chapters discuss Corneille's Conquête de la Toison d'or and Madeleine de Scudéry's Célinte as "literary conversations about the power of the young king at the founding moment of his reign.... Z. shows how Scudéry manages to rehabilitate and defend curiosity against a strong philosophical tradition condemning it. Thus Scudéry was already exploring the interactive nature of ceremonial display, and arguing for a view of political spectacle that takes fully into account the importance of different forms of response to it, from the authorized published interpretations to the casual conversations of salon women. Like Scudéry, Z. proposes an approach to the mythology of royal power that emphasizes the multiplicity of voices that responded to and contributed to its construction. More than this, though, her study documents and argues convincingly for an understanding of ceremonial moments that do not simply work to symbolically buttress the power of those that stage them. Such occasions have also always offered opportunities for individual onlookers to promote their own particular interests, which were not necessarily in harmony with those that the ceremonial occasion was designed to sustain."

Review: Helen L. Harrison in PFSCL 26 (1999), 244: "It is the mark of a good book to raise questions as well as answer them. Zanger has made an important contribution to seventeenth-Century studies."

ZANGER, ABBY. "Perspectives on the 1660s Monumentalities: Print Culture and the Fictions of Sovereignty in the Marriage of Louis XIV." SCFS 20 (1998), 109–23.

Exploration of the construction of the king's image in the coverage of the marriage for which an exclusive privilege was given to François Colletet and the printer J.-B. Loyson. Material is also in large part included in author's Scenes from the Marriage of Louis XIV: Nuptial Fiction and the Making of Absolute Power (1997).

ZOBERMAN, PIERRE. Les cérémonies de la parole. L'éloquence d'apparat en France dans le dernier quart du XVIIe siècle. Paris: Champion, 1998.

Review: B. Papàsogli in SFr 42 (1998), 571–2: P. praises this "courageous" study which is divided into three sections, each of which describes one of the principal forums of "l'éloquence d'apparat": the Academies (Parisian and provincial), the Parlements (Parisian and provincial), and the "municipality" in its more complex ramifications. "A research of extraordinary breadth... which presents classical France as a theatre in which stock roles are played with subtle variants in an unchanging comedy." P. is generally favorable to the study (she does note that the topic is perhaps a bit too broadly defined, and excludes entire sectors of "l'éloquence d'apparat", such as the "oraison funèbre"), and commends Zoberman for maintaining a "firm grip on the sprawling material."

See French 17 (1998).

BOURDIN, JEAN-CLAUDE, ed. Les matérialismes philosophiques. Paris: Kimé, 1997.

Review: M. Conche in Revue philosophique 189 (1999), 229–30: A collection of papers presented at Cerizy-la-Salle in 1995, concerning the various forms that materialism has assumed since the 17th century. C. notes in particular an essay by O. Bloch, "Molère matérialiste?" which he characterizes as an "étude savante et subtile qui suppose,pour être convenablement appréciée, une bonne connaissance, outre l'oeuvre complète de Molière, de son contexte philosophique et littéraire."

BOUVIER, ALBAN. "Histoire des idées, sociologie des croyanceset processus argumentatifs. Scepticisme et modernité d'après Richard H. Popkin." RdS 119.2/3 (1998), 307–322.

This article shows the relevance of Richard H. Popkin's book from the point of view of a sociological and anthropological analysis of the collective processes of doubt and assent. This examination implies that we analyze the fine differences between the history of ideas, the sociology of knowledge, the ethnology of beliefs and epistemology.

BRAHAMI, FRÉDÉRIC. "L'articulation du scepticisme religieux et du scepticisme profane dans l'Histoire du scepticismed'Érasme à Spinoza de Richard H. Popkin." RdS 119.2/3(1998), 293–305.

Although Popkin gives an original interpretation of modernity, B. examines how his interpretation can be questioned in so far as he does not make a clear enough distinction between modern and ancient scepticism and does not take into account the specificity of fideism.

BRANN, NOEL L. Tristemius and Magical Theology: A Chapter in the Controversy over Occult Studies in Early Modern Europe. Albany: SUNY Press, 1998.

BURGAT, FLORENCE. Animal mon prochain. Paris: Odile Jacob,1997.

Review: Françoise Armangaud in RMM (Apr.-June 1999), 261–64: A fine examination which constitutes a "histoire critique des idées philosophiques et scientifiques, visantà mettre en évidence les présupposés qui ont effecté la recherche" beginning with the 17th century. Notable pages on instinct and temporality.

BURY, EMMANUEL. "Littérature et philosophie, ou de la philosophie et de ses effets." PFSCL 25 (1998), 367–370.

Introduction to the studies gathered by Bury and J.-C. Darmon, organizers of the Séminaire Paris IV/CNRS-URA 1996.

CHEDOZEAU, BERNARD.religion "D'une baroque? Une religion de la confiance naïve et flamboyante." Littératures Classiques 36 (1999), 109–125.

"Une orientation du catholicisme tridentin, battue en brèche en France dès le milieu du XVIIe siècle par les tenants d'une religion et d'une dévotion marquées par les diverses formes de l'augustinisme, mérite peut-être d'être dite baroque."

CHEDOZEAU, BERNARD. Choeur clos, choeur ouvert. De l'église médiévale à l'église tridentine (France, XVIIe–XVIIIe siècles). Paris: Editions du Cerf, 1998.

Review: Reynald Abad in DSS 202 (1999), 206–208: This book analyzes the intimate relationship between change and renewal in the Catholic church and architectural innovations and renovations: "le vaste effort de rénovation du catholicisme passa par un profond réaménagement des principaux lieux de culte existants." Reviewer praises Chedozeau for providing a comprehensive framework in which to situate and understand individual cases of structural change. Supporting documentation includes clear architectural drawings, photographs and a glossary of useful terms.

CHÉDOZEAU, BERNARD. "Pour une périodisation des rapports entre littérature et religion au XVIIe siècle." Littératures Classiques 34 (1998), 103–118.

Loose periodization, without specific dates, of the relationship between literature and religion. Three periods are defined between 1640 and the end of the century: "période molinienne," "période augustinienne," and period of "laïcisation."

CLARK, STUART. Thinking with Demons: The Idea of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe. Oxford: Clarendon, 1997.

Review: B.V. Laface in ECS 32 (1999) 585: Vast range of knowledge in a "major reconstruction and revaluation of demonology from the 15th through the 18th centuries. Clark's intellectual history contextualizes the subject of early-modern witchcraft as no one has before.

See French 17 (1998).

CLARKE, DESMOND M.,trans. and ed. Louis de La Forge, Treatise on the Human Mind. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1998.

Review: Thomas Lennon in Isis 90 (1999), 597–98: The first English translation of this 1615 work by the disciple of Descartes who illustrated the posthumous publication of the Traité de 1'homme. A good translation which will add a contribution to the "current revaluation of Cartesianism as a much more diverse, creative, and nuanced movement than the dead-end monolith it was once taken to be." The rich annotation of Pierre Clair's now out-of-print French edition (1974) is still complementary.

CLAVELIN, MAURICE. La philosophie naturelle de Galilée. Essaisur les origines et la formation de la mécanique classique.Paris: Albin Michel, 1996.

Review: Fabien Chareix in RdS 120.1 (1999), 176–179: "Un ouvrage majeure connaît enfin une nouvelle édition, dans un format dont la pagination respecte celle de 1968, avec une bibliographie complète des études galiléennes contemporaines. . . . L'analyse interne s'effectue en quatre parties qui sont autant de mises à l'épreuve de la méthode de l'histoire des sciences telle que Clavelin laconçoit, soit 'Traditions et travaux de jeunesse', 'Le copernicianisme et la science du mouvement', 'Naissance de la mécanique classique' et 'La raison et le réel'."

COLLINS, JOHN J. et al., eds. The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism. New York: Continuum Publishing, 1998.

Review: W. L. Pitts Jr. in Choice 36.6 (1998), 1076: "This splendid collection of essays explores religiously inspired conceptions of the end of history.... [M]ost ofthe essays ... analyze the Christian tradition.... The second volume treats developments in Europe and the Near East, 100 C.E. to 1800 C.E., with most chapters devoted to the Middle Ages.... Addressing critical aspects of Western apocalypticism, the authors identify and define their topics carefully, develop independent interpretations, and supply excellent supporting annotated bibliographies. This superb encyclopedia represents the best current scholarship on an important subject; it richly deserves wide distribution."

COOK, NOBLE DAVID. Born to Die: Disease and New World Conquest, 1492–1650. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Review: J. A. Lewis in Choice 36.2 (1998), 372: "Ranging in expanse from the Tierra del Fuego to the St. Lawrence River Valley and covering the first century and a half of European occupations, C. explores many of the issues that accompany the study of disease and epidemics in the New World."

COTTINGHAM, JOHN. Philosophy and the Good Life. Reason and Passions in Greek, Cartesian and Psychoanalytic Ethics.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1999.

Review: Michael Rosen in TLS 5010 (9 Apr, 1999), 32: An exploration of the place of ratiocination in philosophy and its limits, especially in ethics (or what the reviewer calls "moral psychology"). The ratiocentric dimension seems proper to any ethics worthy of the name but cannot avail itself transparently of the full significance of the materials of which it is the agent. "Frankly exploratory," this essay offers "thoughts on questions of real depth and importance."

CRAIG, EDWARD, ed. Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London: Routledge, 1998.

Review: Izbecki in Choice 36.4 (1998), 664–666: Covers a wide range of philosophical topics by appropriate experts in the field. Accompanied by a version on CD-ROM.

DASTON, LORRAINE. "The Nature of Nature in Early Modern Europe." Representations 6 (1998), 149–72.

Addresses two: if nature wielded cultural authority, what were the sources and limits of that authority? What were the meanings and values of nature for the learned and powerful? Then, what is the logic of the historical argument for the centrality of legitimation and does it square with the resources early modern views of nature really supplied?

DESROSIERES, ALAIN. The Politics of Large Numbers: A History of Statistical Reasoning. Trans.Camille Naish. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998.

Review: D. V. Chopra in Choice 36.7 (1999), 1298: "Beginning with probability theory in the 17th century, the author presents a sophisticated and engaging study of the evolution of statistics and discusses in great depth its relationship to national and international statistical agencies.... This critical and scholarly work presents with subtlety and erudition a notable blend of historical and philosophical aspects of the development of statistics over time."

DICKENSON, VICTORIA. Drawn From Life: Science and Art in the Portrayal of the New World. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998.

Review: D. Topper in Choice 36.11/12 (1999), 1933–1934: "D.'s study of natural history illustrations ... entails deep analyses of the pictures themselves, not just the accompanying text. The chronology ranges from the European 'discovery' of the New World into the 19th century. Focusing on the northern half of North America, especially Canada, she explores not only the customary images of flora and fauna but landscapes as well. She endeavors to extract the meaning and purpose of the images in their original context.... However, she does apply present-day conceptual methodology regarding matters of stylistic convention and naturalistic representation, the relationship between pictures and text, and various contextual issues.... This study of the European vision of the New World makes a significant contribution to the burgeoning area of scientific illustration as a branch of the conceptual and material history of science."

DICTIONNAIRE DES PHILOSOPHES. Encyclopaedia Universalis .Paris: Albin Michel, 1998.

Review: C. Dauphin in QL 751 (1998), 23: "Sous une forme souple — et néanmoins robuste — voici réunis les principaux articles consacrés par l'Encyclopaedia Universalis aux philosophes. Ces notices ont l'avantaged 'être mises à jour, chaque année."

DUBOST, JEAN-PIERRE. "Libertinage and Modernity: From the 'Will to Knowledge' to Libertine Textuality." YFS 94 (1998), 52–78.

Two-fold inquiry reevaluates "the established criteria that have until now been used to define libertinage." D. acknowledges the differentiation between a "first" or "erudite libertinage" of the early seventeenth century and a "second" form of erotic libertinage specific to the eighteenth century deriving from different social and intellectual atmospheres. However, D. finds that a more appropriate line of demarcation lies between "the quite different use of rhetorical techniques, particularly in a different montage of discourses and scenes, of 'telling' and 'showing'." "The difference between the two levels derives from a single, basic principle: from a specific relation between desire, knowledge, and representation profoundly linked to the rational status of representation proposed by modernity."

DUFLO, COLAS. Le jeu, de Pascal à Schiller. Paris: PUF, 1997.

Review: J.-P. Vinci in Revue philosophique 189 (1999), 236–7: V. summarizes this volume as an attempt to convince the reader of the philosophical interest of the game, concluding: "pari réussi." He notes in passing interesting chapters on Pascal, Leibnitz and even Casanova — "chapitre peut-être anecdotique— mais que ces anecdotes sont plaisantes!" The most detailed sections of the text, however, are focused on Kant and Schiller.

DUMONT, PASCAL. "Est-il pertinent de parler d'une philosophie baroque?" Littératures Classiques 36 (1999), 63–77.

Leibniz versus Descartes, "deux figures exactement inverses d 'un baroque philosophique," and Pascal, whom the author sees, in spite of the baroque themes present in the Pensées, as refusing the baroque in the name of an open conception of rationality.

ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF MATHEMATICS ON CD-ROM. Norwell, MA: KluwerAcademic, 1997.

Review: J. McCleary in Choice 36.2 (1998), 353: A "major reference work" for mathematicians.

FAYE, EMMANUEL. Philosophie et perfection de 1'homme: De la Renaissance à Descartes. Paris: Vrin, 1998.

FELDHAY, RIVKA. Galileo and the Church: Political Inquisitionor Critical Dialogue? Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Review: Maurice A. Finoccharo in Isis 90 (1999), 596–97: Noteworthy in its original approach to Galileo's trial, for a wealth of detail about ecclesiastical and theological history (and diversity), and portrayal of Galileo as a critical interlocutor of a Church that included a progressive element. Reviewer differs on some points of interpretation of trial.

See French 17 (1996).

FINDEN, PAULA. "Between Carnival and Lent: The Scientific Revolution at the Margins of Culture." Configurations 6 (1998), 243–67.

Conducts the experiment of inserting the discourse of the new science within the comedy so central to Renaissance culture.

FINOCCHIARO, MAURICE A., trans. and ed. Galileo on the World Systems. A New Abridged Translation and Guide. Berkeley:University of California Press, 1997.

Review: William T. Lynch in Isis 90 (1999), 196–97: Editor's "moderate and knowledgable approach inform the detailed, accessible introduction, extensive footnotes, and the scholarly discussion of rationality and rhetoric in the appendix. More than Stillman Drake's editions, this version substantively helps readers."

FONDI, GIOVANNA MALQUORI, ed. Teorie e pratiche della traduzione nell'ambito del movimento port-royaliste. Pisa:Slatkine/ETS, 1998.

Review: Philippe Hourcade in PFSCL 26 (1999), 486–488: "Les travaux de ce séminaire s'inscrivent dans le prolongement de ceux, souvent évoqués, de Basil Munteano, Luigi de Nardis, et bien sûr, de Roger Zuber et d'Emmanuel Bury."

FONTENAY, ELISABETH DE. Le silence des bêtes: La philosophieà l'épreuve de l'animalité. Paris: Fayard, 1998.

Review: C. Chalier in QL 750 (1998), 23: L'auteur "cherche ... à penser comment notre rapport aux bêtes retentit sur la native du lien social et même sur celle du lien humain...." Etude historique chronologique. De "longues et très riches analyses consacrées ... aux penseurs qui ont, avec Descartes, réduit l'animal à un emachine ou à un automate."

FRANCE, PETER. Hermits. The Insights of Solitude. New York:St.Martin's, 1999.

Paperback reissue of 1997 book, hailed then by Carol Zaluki in NYT as "a gently understated affirmation of the solitude for which so many of us long."

GARBER, DANIEL and MICHAEL AYERS, eds. The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy. 2 vols. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Review: John Cottingham in TLS 4997 (8 Jan. 1999), 7: "As a whole, this is an unrivaled scholarly resource for those wishing to enhance their understanding of the many complex facets of early modern philosophy and its origins." Singled out for special attention are Stephen Menn's "stimulating essay" on the intellectual setting at the start of the period" (especially on Christian attitudes toward Aristotelianism); Nicolas Jolly's "elegant essay" on the relation of philosophy and religion; and two "carefully wrought" essays by Susan James on discussions of the role of the passions in human life. Complete listing of contents and authors in Isis Current Bibliography 89 (1998), no.1472.

See French 17 (1998).

GARCÍA-HERNÁNDEZ, BENJAMÍN. Descartes y Plauto: la conceptión dramática del sistema cartesiano. Madrid: Tecnos, Metropolis, 1997.

Review: J.-P. Cavaillé in Revue philosophique (1998), 232–3: A study of "la conception dramatique du système cartésien." C. indicates the work is very complete in terms of the erudition concerning both Descartes and Plautus, and terms it a useful critical synthesis of all that has been said on Descartes and poetry/ theatre, and on the dramatic aspects of his philosophical writings. However, C. criticizes García-Hernández's "[ambition déraisonnable] aux divers points de vue de la méthodologie, de la philologie et de la philosophie."

GARRISSON, JANINE, éd. L'Edit de Nantes. Biarritz: Atlantica, 1997.

GASTELLIER, FABIAN. Angélique Arnauld. Paris: Fayard, 1998.

Review: Willem Frijhoff in RHEF 85 (1999), 168–69: Strictly chronological life and a sympathetic portrait based principally on her letters. The psychology, and related questions of writing, remain close to this source. Inadequate historical background and regrettable absence of critical dialogue with earlier scholars and biographers, among whom the reviewer prefers P. Secrétan (1991).

GAUKROGER, ROGER, ed. The Soft Underbelly of Reason: The Passions in the 17th Century. London: Routledge, 1998.

Six papers including Susan James, "Explaining the passions: Passions, Desires, and the Explanation of Action," and Christopher Allen, "The Passions de 1'âme as a Basis for Pictorial Expression."

GENZ, HENNING. Nothingness: The Science of Empty Space. Trans.Karin Heusch. Reading, Mass: Helix Books/PerseusBooks, 1999.

Review: B. R. Parker in Choice 36.11/12 (1999), 1997: "In addition to explaining vacuum polarization, spontaneous materialization, pair creation, and so on in the vacuum, Genz looks at its importance in relation to the early universe. He discusses the various epochs, symmetry breaking, phase transitions, and inflation. The early part of the book is devoted to the history of vacuum production. The experiments of Torricelli, Pascal, von Guericke, Boyle, and others are described... [M]ore than a hundred diagrams."

GEORGE, JAMES L. History of Warships: From Ancient Times to the Twenty-First Century. London: Constable, 1998.

Review: R. Higham in Choice 36.11/12 (1999), 1994: A brief introduction to the subject.

GIOCANTI, SYLVIA. "Histoire du fidéisme, histoire du scepticisme?" RdS 119.2/3 (1998), 193–210.

G. examines the relevance of scepticism's classification as fideism which Richard H. Popkin establishes in his work. G proposes a more conceptual approach to modern scepticism which, unlike Popkin's historical approach, includes the ethical aspects of this philosophy which are usually and unfortunately neglected.

GIRARDIN, JEAN-CLAUDE. "Avec Michel Foucault, histoire, théorie politique et racisme." TM (Juillet-Septembre 98), 178–196.

The author studies Foucault's return to history in his 1975–76 course at the College de France, published in 1997 under the title "Il faut défendre la société," in which Foucault rereads French and English historians of the 17th century, and views history as always written "par plume interposée" by the Prince; until the end of the 17th century, historical discourse only legitimizes "le droit public" of absolute monarchy.

GOOD, GREFORY A., ed. Sciences of the Earth: An Encyclopedia of Events, People, and Phenomena. New York: Garland, 1998.

Review: J. C. Shane in Choice 36.3 (1998), 498: "Well written and researched, this set's 230 articles are intended to provide an overview of the history of the earth sciences from a global perspective.... It is decidedly not an encyclopedia of the geosciences but a history of the earth sciences as shaped by research, ideas, institutions, social activity, and political developments."

GREGOIRE, VINCENT. "'Pensez-vous venir à bout de renverser le pays': la pratique d'évangélisation en Nouvelle-France d' après les Relations des jésuites." DSS 201 (1998), 681–707.

Through a close reading of the Relations (annual accounts of the progress of evangelization sent to France and widely diffused), the author highlights how the Jesuits overcame various obstacles to evangelization and the social and psychological impact of this process on the community as a whole and on its individual members.

GROSS, CHARLES G. Brain, Vision, Memory: Tales in the History of Neuroscience. Cambridge: MIT, 1998.

Review: D. M. Senseman in Choice 36.3 (1998), 544: "G. is our tour guide on a 5,000-year intellectual journey starting in ancient Egypt and ending in present-day Cambridge, Massachusetts.... G. shows how human perception and understanding of the cerebral cortex has changed after five centuries of study."

GUELLOUZ, SUZANNE, ed. "L'Histoire au XVIIe siècle." Special Issue. Littératures Classiques 30 (1997) 97.

Review: Orest Ranum in PFSCL 25 (1998), 611–612: "Together these essays may be considered worthy heirs to the immensely learned, eloquent, and sometimes presentist works of history written in the seventeenth century."

GUERIN, RENE-GUY. "Les horoscopes au XVIIe siècle." DSS 200 (1998), 505–513.

Author begins by correcting certain misconceptions about astrology. Article also reviews meaning of astrology and traces its practice over the course of the century: "Système astronomique qui permet de donner une représentation temporelle de l'origine, de la naissance, et de justifier l'irruption intempestive de la mort, l'astrologie (astro-logos) est aussi une langue qui nous parle d'un lien secret qui relierait l'homme aux étoiles."

HAVELANGE, CARL. De l'oeil du monde. Une histoire du regard au seuil de la modernité. Paris: Fayard, 1998.

Review: Ralph Dekoninck in DSS 203 (1999), 404–406: Traces constructions of l'oeil and le regard in the 16th-17th-c.: "L'auteur nous balade ici dans les topoï littéraires et philosophiques du XVIe siècle qui font l'éloge de la pureté de l'œil." Second half of book examines the "rationalisation de la vision qui consiste à dissocier l'image du geste de voir." Reviewer praises this "tableau admirablement brossé d'une époque qui voit ses certitudes ébranlées."

HAYS, J. N. The Burdens of Disease: Epidemics and Human Response in Western History. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers, 1998.

Review: G. Eknoyan in Choice 36.4 (1998), 716: H. "sets out to recount the human perception and response to ...episodic threats [of disease] as well as how they were influenced by, and in turn affected, the prevailing social, economic, political, and theological conditions of the period. However, rather than an examination of history as a product of disease and its eradication, this book is a narrative of the history of medecine, its principal figures, and the course of major epidemics (leprosy, scrofula, plague, syphilis, typhus, malaria, smallpox, scurvy, tuberculosis, and AIDS), interspersed with variable commentary on the environment that led to the epidemics and how they affected it."

HEIDELBERGER, MICHAEL and FRIEDRICH STEINLE, eds. Experimental Essays—Versuche zum Experiment. Collection of Essays on Experimentalism, its Changing Significance, and the Problematics of its Representation. Baden-Baden: Nomos,1998. Contents listed in Isis 90 (1999), 167.

HILLMAN, DAVID and CARLA MAZZIO, eds. The Body in Parts: Fantasies of Corporeality in Early-Modern Europe. New York:Routledge, 1997.

14 essays on "individual parts" (including Katherine Park's essay on the rediscovery of the clitoris by French Medicine, ca. 1620; Carla Mazzio on the tongue; Marjorie Garber "Out of Joint." Complete listing in Isis Current Bibliography 89 (1998), no. 1729.

HOUDARD, SOPHIE. "Des fausses saintes aux spirituelles à la mode: les signes suspects de la mystique." DSS 200 (1988), 417–432.

H. traces the emergence of generalized mistrust of the mystique fausse and situates this figure within larger context of Counter Reformation efforts to reconcile "l'intériorisation du religieux" and the "exigence d'un espace religieux ouvert à tous."

HUNTER, MICHAEL, ed. Archives of the Scientific Revolution: The Formation and Exchange of Ideas in l7th-Century Europe.Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1998.

Includes an essay by Robert Hatch on Boulliauls correspondance (pp. 49–71).

JACOB, JAMES R. The Scientific Revolution: Aspirations and Achievements, 1500–1700. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities, 1998.

Review: J. W. Dauben in Choice 36.2 (1998), 339: "J.'s brief, thoughtful study surveys the principal developments associated with the transition from the 'old' to the 'new' science, the scientific revolution. These include the revolution in astronomy associated with Copernicus and his heliocentric theory and the revolution in physiology associated with William Harvey and his discovery of blood circulation. The author also considers the consequences of advancing from a finite to an infinite concept of the universe; of the rejection of the Aristoteliam physics of 'natures' and 'places' for the modern, mathematical physics of forces and causes; of the emergence of modern skepticism and the appearance of new methods that nevertheless made 'the advancement of learning' possible; of the use of mathematics, instruments, and experiments to compensate for the fallibility of both reaosn and the senses; and finally, of the emergence of scientific societies that institutionalized collaborative research... [J.'s] discussion of how the new science could help to construct a new moral as well as a material order is what makes this book different...."

JAMES, SUSAN. Passion and Action: The Emotions in Seventeenth-Century Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Review: H. J. John in Choice 36.2 (1998), 332: The second part of the book is devoted to "the mind-body division in Descartes and Malebranche, and mental and bodily passions in Hobbes and Spinoza." "Densely written but clearly argued, this book provides valuable context and background for several important themes in early modern philosophy. Of particular interest is James' elucidation of the Cartesian mind-body separation in relation to the experiences of pregnant women."

Review: John P. Wright in TLS 5000 (29 Jan. 1999), 38–39:An "ambitious study: of l7th-century discussions of the passions that would rectify the metaphysical and epistemological distortions of readings that have seen them purely as negative." Part I reviews reactions to Aristotelian and Thomist theories of action and passion. Part II focuses the ways views of the passions contributed new theories of mind/body interconnections. Part III deals with misconstructions of the knowing subject. Part IV considers the causal influence on action.

KRUMENACKER, YVES. L'école française de spiritualité. Des mystiques, des fondateurs, des courants et leurs interprètes. Paris: Cerf, 1998.

Review: Raymond Baustert in PFSCL 26 (1999), 476–479: "Le lecteur sort enrichi de ce grand livre fait de tant d'apports solides."

Review: René Taveneaux in DSS 202 (1999), 208–210:"L'objet de ce livre est d'étudier la genèse et l'évolution de la pensée de Bérulle et de ses disciples immédiats, de saisir son irradiation dans la société de son temps et d'observer sa permanence et ses gauchissements chez ses héritiers, vrais ou supposés." The reviewer extols the erudition and wide-ranging scope of this work, "d'un intérêt passionnant."

Review: Roger Zuber in BSHPF 145 (1999), 218–20:Excellent introduction to the subject and to the nature of Bérulle's centrality in the formation of institutions, education of priests, and the various ways in which his influence lasted through the century. A valuable companion to the complete works of Bérulle being published by the same publisher.

LABROUSSE, ELISABETH. Conscience et conviction: Etudes sur le XVIIe siècle. Paris/Oxford: Universitas/The Voltaire Foundation, 1996.

Review: H. Phillips in MLR 91.3 (1999), 823–24: "There is much repetition and overlap in the choice of essays in Conscience et conviction, although each on its own is a gem of sorts. There is no better synthesis of the Protestant position than the brilliant essay entitled 'Les Idées politiques du Refuge: Bayle et Jurieu', appearing here for the first time in French."

See French 17 (1998).

LAGRÉE, JACQUELINE. "Religion naturelle et scepticisme religieux." RdS 119.2/3 (1998), 257–269.

In l'Histoire du scepticisme d'Érasme à Spinoza, Richard H. Popkin presents Edward Herbert of Cherbury's theory of truth as a heavy and unsuccessful weapon against the religious scepticism of the 17th century. This paper claims to show that this heavy conceptual device is not the very heart of the Cherburian response to scepticism but the theoretical foundation of a religious perspectivism which is immediately corrected by a minimal, universal, and stable credo.

LAPLANCHE, FRANÇOIS. Bible, sciences et pouvoirs au XVIIe siècle. Naples: Bibliopolis, 1997.

Review: Roger Zuber in BSHPF 145 (1999) 220: Short, authoritative synthetic work cast on a European scale, originating in a seminar. Chapters treat Biblical exegesis, the literal sense, controversies, scientific cosmography, cultural modifications of learned readings. Especially valuable up-to-date bibliography.

LARRÈRE, CATHERINE. "Scepticisme et politique." RdS 119.2/3(1998), 271–292.

Le but de L. est d'argumenter la thèse, trouvée chez Richard H. Popkin, d'une contribution sceptique à l'individualisme libéral moderne. Cela suppose 3 choses. Premièrement, de montrer qu'il y a bien un apport du scepticisme à cette "privatisation" de la liberté qui marque le passage de la Renaissance à l'âge baroque. Deuxièmement, il faut pouvoir éclairer ce sur quoi bute l'analyse politique du scepticisme moderne. Troisièmement, l'intérêt commun des intellectuels sceptiques et des clercs catholiques à s'opposer au dogmatisme calviniste.

LEROUX-DHUYS, JEAN-FRANÇOIS. Cistercian Abbeys: History and Architecture. Photography byHenry Gaud. Köln: Konemann,1999.

Review: A. R. Stanton in Choice 36.10 (1999), 1772–1773: "L.-D.'s lavishly illustrated book surveys the history of the Cistercian order and its architecture from the 12th century to the present. Part 1, 'Nine Centuries Ago,' provides historical context in 14 brief chapters illustrated with photographs, plans, reconstructions, and maps. These chapters are subdivided into shorter sections, complete with insets that provide specifics on chronology, technology, or various subjects like the life and thought of Benedict of Nursia. Part 3, 'The Cistercian World in Europe,' is a gazeteer of sites from Acey to Zwetti. Each entry first summarizes basic data: the original name of the site; pertinent dates of foundation, construction, and destruction; a concordance to any references in part 1; and a short bibliography. Then follows a brief narrative about the history and contemporary use, if any, of each site. Although this review focuses on the text, the primary merit of the book rests in its illustrations."

LESTRINGANT, FRANK. Une sainte horreur ou le voyage en eucharistie, XVIe–XVIIIe siècle. Préf dePierre Chaunu.Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1996.

Review: Alain Tallon in RdS 119.2/3 (1998), 406–407:"Eucharistie catholique et anthropophagie: tel est le thème central de ce livre, qui étudie la 'Sainte Horreur' protestante— et plus précisément calviniste— devant l'hostie catholique. . . . L'originalité de Frank Lestringant est d'aborder cette horreur armé de sa compétence de linguiste et de sa profonde connaissance de la littérature protestante sur le 'sauvage'."

MACHAMER, PETER, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Galileo. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Review: J. W. Dauben in Choice 36.8 (1999), 1478: "Twelve essays discuss the formative influences on Galileo's science and philosophy, the early work he did atPisa, and his machines, mathematics, and experiments. The significance of certain Jesuit ideas for Galileo is analyzed, and questions related to his support for Copernicus and the value of his telescopic observations in particular are discussed in detail. Galileo's views on science and religion, the extent to which theology served as a foundation for his science, and whether or not there could ever be another Galileo case and trial are also considered. Two concluding chapters explore the popular images and various 'myths' about Galileo as hero and martyr, along with a full discussion of the controversy over Galileo's burial in 1642."

MACINTYRE, ALASDAIR. A Short History of Ethics: A History of Moral Philosophy from the Homeric Age to the Twentieth Century. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 1998.

Review: P. L. Urban, Jr. in Choice 36.4 (1998), 702: "While no changes have been made to the body of the text, a new preface enables M. to address what he sees as shortcomings of the original." Strengths include "an exploration of the historical context of moral concepts and ideas, and the issue-oriented character of his discussion."

MAGDELAINE, MICHELLE, et al., eds. De l'Humanisme aux Lumières: Bayle et le Protestantisme: Mélanges en l'honneur d'Elisabeth Labrousse. Paris/Oxford: Universitas/The Voltaire Foundation, 1996.

Review: H. Phillips in MLR 91.3 (1999), 823–24: Volume in honor of Labrousse, an historian of French Protestantism, contains groups of articles on the Protestant diaspora, on the place of Protestant women, and on Pierre Bayle. Reproductions of significant texts.

See French 17 (1998).

MAIRE, CATHERINE. De la cause de Dieu à la cause de la nation, le jansénisme au XVIIIe siècle. Paris: Gallimard, 1998.

Review: J. Poulain in Esprit (juillet 1999), 222–25: "C. Maire repère l'importance du contenu doctrinal et thélogique—notamment le figurisme—dans les différentes manifestations religieuses, sociales et politiques du jansénisme. C'est là en effet le mérite de cette étude que de ne jamais se contenter de simplement décrire les diverses formes du jansénisme mais de le comprendre sur le fond théorique qui est le sien, fond dont la fonction est multiple selon ses champs d'investigation. Au centre de cette assise théologique, une théologie figuriste de l'histoire qui, à la fois, légitime la lettre janséniste, en explique les manifestations pratiques et donne sens àl'histoire."

See French 17 (1998).

MARINER, FRANÇOIS. Histoires et autobiographies spirituelles: Les Mémoires de Fontaine, Lancelot et Du Fossé. Tübingen:Gunter Narr Verlag, 1998.

Review: Nathalie Grande in RHL 99.3 (1999), 535: Reviewer reminds the reader of the importance of the Mémoires in the history of Jansenism. While the work is indeed a historical study, it also contains a "dimension autobiographique" which prompts Mariner to "s'interroge[r]sur les liens entre Histoire et autobiographie." Among the key elements of the text are its examination of "l'écriture hagio-historique," "la [mise] en question [de] la notion d'auteur," and "la question de la légitimité et de la motivation de l'écriture pour un auteur janséniste."

MARION, JEAN-LUC. "Etat des études philosophiques dans la revue XVIIe siècle: acquis, déficits et prospective." DSS 203 (1999), 227–233.

A history and summary of the journal's interventions in the field of philosophy over the last fifty years. Examines as well the historical and disciplinary reasons for the journal's periodical "silences" in matters of philosophy.

MAYAUD, PIERRE, S.J. La condemnation des livres coperniciens et sa revocation à la lumière de documents inédits des Congrégations de l'Index et de l'Inquisition. Rome:Editrice Pontificana Università Gregoriana, 1997.

Review: Maurice A. Finocchiaro in Isis 90 (1999), 363–64:Welcome for many valuable new documents, for setting the historical record straight, and for the subtle reading of the Index decree of 5 March 1616. "A rich case study of the workings of bureaucracies and the problems they face."

MINAZZOLI, AGNES. "Formes de penser, manières d'écrire: existe-t-il un style sceptique?" PFSCL 25 (1998), 381–396.

The author asks whether Scepticism, in the Greek rather than the contemporary acception of the word, might have its own style, "chercheur, suspensif, dubitatif, pyrrhonien...". She proceeds to an analysis of Montaigne's style, "fait d'anamnèse et de digression."

MINOIS, GEORGES. Histoire de l'athéisme. Paris: Fayard,1998.

Review: R. Bonnaud in QL 749 (1998), 22–23: M. "s'intéresse aux incroyants du 'monde occidental des origines à nos jours' .... [L] a montée de l'incroyance le frappe plus que les fluctuations.... Ce volume est riche de données, d'interprétations intéressantes.... L'an 1600 est pour la pensée, l'invention, une 'véritable entrée dans la modernité:' 'première crise de la conscience européenne'(la seconde, celle de Paul Hazard, se situe à la fin du XVIIe s.)."

MUND-DOPCHIE, MONIQUE. La fortune du 'Périple d'Hannon' à la Renaissance et au XVIIe siècle. Continuité et rupture dans la transmission d'un savoir géographique. Namur: Sociétédes Etudes Classiques, 1995.

Review: N. Fornerod in BHR 61.1 (1999), 203–05: "Qu'ils aient les yeux tournés vers le passé ou qu'ils scrutent les nouveaux horizons, la Renaissance et le XVIIe siècle ont vu en Hannon l'archétype de l'explorateur, qui—à l'instar de Néarque, Anacharsis le Scythe ou Apollonios de Tyane et, bien entendu, Ulysse et Jason—était appelé à tenir un rang important au sein des illustres voyageurs de l'Antiquité dont la mémoire était alors célébrée au service des intérêts les plus hétérogènes." Cet ouvrage constitue une "contribution à l'étude de la réception de la tradition classique aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles."

NADLER, STEVEN. "Connaissance et causalité chez Malebrancheet Geulincx: esquisse d'une histoire." DSS 203 (1999), 335–345.

Author traces the underpinnings of Malebranche's denial of natural causality to his belief that only God possesses the knowledge necessary to produce effects on souls.

NAHIN, PAUL J. An Imaginary Tale: The Story of [the SquareRoot of Minus One]. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998.

Review: D. S. Larson in Choice 36.11/12 (1999), 1977: "The story begins in the first entury CE,..." with Heron of Alexandria. "From here, we are taken on a wonderful journey in the development of the complex number system, from its use by 16th century Italians in solving cubice quations through the geometric interpretations of Descartes, the formulas of De Moivre and Euler, to the modern theory of complex analysis as developed by Cauchy in the 19th century. A must read for anyone interested in mathematics and its history."

NEHAMAS, ALEXANDER. The Art of Living: Socratic Reflections from Plato to Foucault. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.

Review: Martha C. Nussbaum in New Republic 4381–2 (Jan 4 and 11, 1999), 32–37: Nussbaum faults Nehamas' view of Montaigne as an aestheticist. For her, Montaigne is best seen as "heir to Hellenistic arts of self-fashioning...".

NEVEU, BRUNO. "Histoire religieuse et spiritualité dans XVIIe Siècle." DSS 203 (1999), 261–312.

A comprehensive review of articles on religious history and spirituality that appeared in the journal from 1949–1997. Rather than a chronological survey, author groups articles thematically, covering, for example, the interpenetration of Jewish and Christian worlds, Augustinianism, Christian humanism, libertinage and humanism, religion and art, and secular spirituality.

PHILOSOPHIE ET BAROQUE. RMM. (Apr-June 1999).

Special issue with articles on "Montaigne, philosophe baroque?" (S.Peytavin), on "De l'Apparence à la providence: la question de l'ontologie chez Quevedo" (Saverio Ansaldi), "Conscience baroque et apparences: le conceptisme de Baltasar Graciano"(Uric Marquer).

POPKIN, RICHARD H. The Columbia History of Western Philosophy. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.

Review: M. Meola in Choice 36.10 (1999), 1801: "This one-volume history of philosophy is aimed at the general reader... P. ... [culls] articles from more than 60 specialists in this history of philosophy without sacrificing readability. Coverage of medieval Islamic, Jewish, and Christian philosophy is particularly strong, areas that are sometimes given cursory treatment by historians who move quickly from Aristotle to Descartes."

PORTER, ROY and G.S. ROUSSEAU. Gout: The Patrician Malady. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.

Review: N. S. Springer in Choice 36.8 (1999), 1492: The authors "review medical, cultural, and social aspects of gout recorded in medical writing, popular press, social conversations, dialogues, dramas, novels, and poems during the Georgian through the Victorian periods." Well-illustrated.

PROUST, JACQUES. La superchérie dévoilée, une réfutation du catholicisme au Japon au XVIIe siècle. Paris: Chandeigne,1998.

Review: M. Coyaud in QL 755 (1999), 22: "C'est l'histoire passionnante d'un missionnaire jésuite, Cristovao Ferreira, qui abjura (en 1614) sous la torture, et se mit à vilipender l'église catholique, peut-être plus qu'il n'y était contraint .... Le renégat connaît à fond les débats qui agitent la chrétienté à cette époque, critiquée avec les armes de l'averroïsme, du marranisme et de l'érasmisme, avec ceux qui invoquent le trafic des indulgenses pour saper l'orthodoxie papiste. Cela fait un ouvrage savoureux."

Review: Pierre-Antoine Favre in Annales-ESC 54 (1999),991–93: The title comes from the "summa" published in Japanese in 1636 by Critovao Ferreira on her conversion to Buddhism. Viewed as a test case of the author's well-received L'Europe au prisme du Japon, XVIe–XVIIIe siecle (1997).

RAYNER-CANHAM, MARELENE and GEOFFREY RAYNER-CANHAM. Women in Chemistry: Their Changing Roles from Alchemical Times to the Mid-Twentieth Century. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society/Chemical Heritage Foundation, 1998.

Review: M. H. Chaplin in Choice 36.6 (1999), 1087: "A significant attempt to redress the omission of women from standard histories of chemistry, Women in Chemistry overviews the lives, roles, and contributions of women from the beginning of recorded history (where source material is scanty) to the mid-20th century.... [T]he focus is on European and North American women." The authors attempt "to provide comprehensive bibliographies for each woman and a picture of the cultural milieu in which she practiced; to discuss the social and historical forces that may have contributed to her choice of field, the discoveries that she made, or the obstacles that she had to overcome."

RIOU, D. " Le XVIIe siècle et la question du sujet." Littératures Clasiques 34, (1998), 279–291.

Cartesian dualism and the split subject of Lacan and J.-L. Nancy.

ROSSELINI, MICHÈLE. "Les mots sans guère de choses: la praelectio." LFr 121 (1999), 28–35:

The history of the use of "praelectio" as a pedagogical technique from Erasmusto the 18th century reveals an increasing orientation towards the importance of form over substance in the study of the literary text. The Jesuits make the moral content of the Greek and Roman (Pagan) texts secondary to the "beautiful style" that can be learned from them and later adapted to the telling of God's glory. The Jansenists, suspicious of eloquence, turn the exercise of "praelectio" towards language and translation. These two pedagogical styles have given rise to an "explication de texte" that privileges the use of language over content, and separates the text from its function of speech.

ROUGET, FRANÇOIS. "De la sage-femme à la femme sage: réflexion et réflexivité dans les Observations de Louise Boursier." PFSCL 25 (1998), 483–496.

Rouget interrogates the way Boursier (midwife for the 6 children of Marie de Médicis) attempts to transmit her knowledge through the writing of her Observations, as well as the forms of discourse in her didactic works.

ROUX, SOPHIE. "Le scepticisme et les hypothèses de la physique." RdS 119.2/3 (1998), 211–255.

R. questions certain theses of Richard H. Popkin's l'Histoire du scepticisme d'Erasme à Spinoza. She points first to the tension in Descartes's works between the ideal of a completely certain science and a physics replete with hypotheses; further she argues that the use of hypotheses by mechanical philosophers cannot be separated from their conception of physics; finally she shows that, at the end of the 17th century, physicists in France as well as in England spoke through hypotheses and she examines different ways of explaining this shared practice.

SCHMALTZ, TAD M. "Cartesianism and Jansenism." JHI 60:1 (1999), 37–56.

Despite obvious differences between the work of Descartes and Jansenius, their followers were perceived to have much in common. Author considers A. Arnauld's role in this association but argues that Robert Desgabets was ultimately responsible for "a real blending of Cartesian philosophy with Jansenist theology, as opposed to a mere juxtaposition of the two."

SIMON, GERARD. Sciences et savoirs aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles. Lille: Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, 1997.

Review: Hervé Drévillon in DSS 202 (1999), 198–199: A collection of articles originally published between 1977 and 1991, this book examines both "sciences vaincues" (magical and occult sciences) and "sciences 'victorieuses'" (such as optics, astronomy and physics). Simon demonstrates how "la logique mécaniste se joue au sein même de la pensée magique et non pas dans un illusoire combat entre la raison scientifique et des savoir irrationnels." Reviewer calls attention to the importance and originality of Simon's approach to the history of science, which demonstrates that even in the works of Descartes, Kepler and Newton "le rationnel et l'irrationnel, la magie et la science ne s'opposent pas aussi radicalement qu'on le croit aujourd'hui."

SMITH, ROGER. Biographies of Scientists: An Annotated Bibliography. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 1998.

Review: R. J. Havlik in Choice 36.3 (1998), 498: "The goal of S.'s work is to guide general readers to 736 volumes that might ... bring familiarity with the paths and adventures of scientific discovery."

SOLE, JACQUES. Les origines intellectuelles de la révocation de l'édit de Nantes. St. Etienne: Publications de l'Université de St. Etienne. 1997.

Review: Robert Sauzet in RHL 99.1 (1999), 129–30: Quite favorable analysis that begins with reviewers assertion that both the "ouvrages de controverse," and the work of the historian Jacques Solé have been sorely neglected in contemporary scholarship. Solé's work is important, according to Sauzet, because the author is an "excellent historien des sociétés, et de la psychologie collective." The book concentrates on religious intolerance during the period 1596–1685 which saw the increased antipathy between Catholics and Protestants. According to Solé, what led the Catholic majority to revoke the Edict of Nantes can be summarized in "L'essor des missions, de la prédication, de la controverse, [et] la pression de l'Eglise gallicane notamment les assemblées du clergé [qui] ont abouti à cetriomphe des dévots." The ever-increasing discord can befound in Jesuit, Jansenist, and Reformist texts of the period, as the idea of "relativisme religieux" becomes progressively demolished at century's end.

STARR, DOUGLAS. Bloos: An Epic History of Medicine and Commerce. New York: Knopf, 1998.

Review: J. P. Brickman in Choice 36.7 (1999), 1297: "S.'s thoroughly absorbing and original tale ... traces the story of blood from ancient times — when it carried symbolic and magical connotations — to the 20th century.... Always part of the human conceptualization of health and vitality, from the early Greeks through the 19th century, blood was regarded as an essential component of salubrious balance. Blood letting, a practice for 2,500 years, was common in Western, Arabic, and Indian medicine as treatment for illness and psychic malaise. Yet, not until the start of the 20th century did blood became [sic] the focus of medical research.... "

TAVENEAUX, RENE. Le Catholicisme dans la France classique 1610–1715. Paris: C.D.U. et Sedes, 1994.

Review: M. Cloët in RBPH 76.2. (1998), 601–02: Exemple stimulant et de haute qualité de l'historiographiere ligieuse en France. "Le premier volume compte neuf chapitres. La structure peut être appelée 'classique', autant que la période étudiée. L'Eglise catholique de France est grosso modo présentée du haut vers le bas l'organisation ecclésiastique, le clergé régulier, les évêques, le clergé paroissial, la pastorale éducative et caritative, les courants de pensée). Les chapitres X à XVI du deuxième volume traitent successivement les dévotions collectives, la spiritualité christocentrique, les prières et attitudes morales, l'art et la religion et les problèmes d'ecclésiologie."

Review: P. Normand in ECL 66 (1998), 145–6: N. summarizes the contents of this two volume thematic study as the evolution and the quest for the identity of catholicism in 17th-century France, under the dual influences of church reform and the rise of nationalism and a centralized monarchy. He praises the scope of the study, which breaks down "le catholicisme français classique dans tous ses aspects" into 5 broad themes for consideration, and notes that Taveneaux avoids putting the emphasis on "une simple histoire des faits et des personnages" in favor of outlining a genuine sociology of religion within the context of classical society as a whole.

See French 17 (1996).

TIMMERMANS, BENOÎT. La résolution des problèmes de Descartes à Kant: l'analyse à l'âge de la révolution scientifique. Paris: PUF, 1995.

Review: A. Benmakhlouf in EP (1998), 274–5: An exploration of the different acceptions of the term "analysis" in the 17th and 18th centuries. B. notes with some reservations that the author, rather than presenting a history of the concept of analysis, limits his study to an illustration of "l'originalité de la conception de l'analyse comme invention à l'âge classique." Yet B. commends the thoroughness of the author's commentary on the notion of analysis particularly in Descartes, Leibniz and Kant.

TORRINI, MAURIZIO. "La correspondance de Galilée entre chronique et histoire des sciences." RHS 52.1 (Janvier-Mars 1999), 139–154.

In the context of increased interestfor scientific correspondances, the author emphasizes the concepts of "dialogo" and "epistola" (in Galileo's milieu's the natural form of scientific exchange) which supersede the previous ideal of solitary contemplation. Thus the study of scientific correspondances allows the historian to understand the process of knowledge, as well as the networks which constitute the "république des lettres", and the context. Galileo's correspondances "nous restituent des physionomies, des situations, des personnages...".

URL: http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/women.htm.

Review: J. Johnson in Choice 36.2 (1998), 352–353. "This award-winning Web site is extremely comprehensive in providing interesting information regarding women mathematicians, past and present.... Using either a chronological or an alphabetical index, one can explore the biographies of women mathematicians, which include an explanation of their mathematical accomplishments, photographs, selected references, and links to other Web sites related either to a particular woman mathematician or to her area of study in mathematics."

VAN KLEY,, DALE K. The Religious Origins of the French Revolution: From Calvin to the Civil Constitution, 1560–1791.New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.

Review: Oscar A Haac in FR 72 (1999)0 584–85: Despite title, this book is largely devoted to Jansenism and its role in the decline of absolutism. Solidly and convincingly argued, the author establishes that the church is a force in this history and that it figures among the antecedents of the Revolution; that Richelieu's policy in the Thirty Years' War remained intact; that Jansenists and Protestants are united in resistance. Carefully researched and densely presented.

See French 17 (1997).

VARADARAJAN, V. S. Algebra in Ancient and Modern Times. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society/Hindustan Book Agency, 1998.

Review: D. V. Feldman in Choice 36.7 (1999), 1299: "Not a history of mathematics but rather a historically informed exposition of certain topics from elementary number theory and algebra, V.'s book aims to bring certain profound mathematical developments to a wide audience." Does not contain the Eurocentric bias typical of a book of this type.

VENARD, MARC, ed. Histoire du Christianisme des origines à nos jours. Vol 9: L'Age de Raison (1620/30–1750). Paris: Desclée, 1997.

Review: Jacques Solé in RHEF 84 (1998), 404–405:Collaborative work by 22 specialists. Part I traces political structures; II, the internal organization of the different churches; III, global expansion; IV, the relationship of the sacred and culture in all traditionally Christianized lands. Contradictions presented in conclusion (Venard) exist within the history, as they must on this scale. France in Part I is examined by Bernard Dompnier. A synthesis of religion and intellectual relations in an international context at the end of the 17th century is given by Bernard and Monique Cottret and Venard. Part II presents a history of the continuity of reform ("Qui me paraît constituer la plus grande réussite du volume") by Dompnier as well as an account of the Jansenist/ Jesuit quarrel to 1750 by M. Cottret. It extends to Lutheranism and reform churches, Church of England and its dissidents, Anabaptists, Mennites, Hussites and Moravian Brethern, Socinians, Russian and Eastern churches. Part III with an account of the Americas and missionary "fascination" is remarkably up-to-date in critical organization of recent scholarship. On the problematics of culture (IV), a very interesting focus by Régis Bertrand is followed by a setting of models of spirituality, aestheticization (across the arts), and modalities of practice. François Laplanche surveys the new divisions opened by critical attitudes and the intellectual transformations.

VENARD, MARC and ANNE BONZON, La religion dans la France moderne, XVI–XVIIIe siècle. Paris: Hachette, 1998.

Review: Bernard Barbiche in RHEF 84 (1998), 396–97: Highest praise for the clarity, the coverage, and up-to-date bibliography of this general introduction for advanced student beginners, A brief overview is followed by chapters on daily realities—beliefs, rites, behavior—of religious life. A separate chapter is given to minority religions (Protestants, Jews).

WADE, NICHOLAS J. A Natural History of Vision. Cambridge: MIT, 1998.

Review: D. M. Senseman in Choice 36.7 (1999), 1288: "[H]undreds of ... wonderful historical drawings and engravings are reproduced in this marvelous book. W. traces the development of vision research starting with the ideas of Aristotle until the 1840s, when the development of machines such as the stereoscope turned vision into a modern, experimental science. W.'s focus is on 'natural' visual phenomena ..., the same visual phenomena that intrigued natural philosophers and early vision physiologists such as Priestly, Decartes [sic], [etc.]. Especially pleasing is the way W. has organized this wealth of material; each visual phenomenon is treated separately. He summarizes the historical development of the physical/physiological basis of the phenomenon and then follows with selected quotations from key individuals who shaped this historical development."

WAGNER, MARIE-FRANCE et PIERRE-LOUIS VAILLANCOURT, eds. De la Grâce et des Vertus. Paris/Montréal: L'Harmattan, 1998.

Review: Raymond Baustert in PFSCL 26 (1999), 502–504: "Ce livre, né de sensibilités scientifiques diverses, se recommande par maint éclairage nouveau de deux thèmes traditionnels de l'histoire de la pensée."

YOUNG, SERINITY, ed. Encyclopedia of Women and World Religion. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 1999.

Review: G. Wood in Choice 36.11/12 (1999), 1918: A "truly excellent encyclopedia.... The well-written, well-researched articles are signed, have bibliographies, and cover topics ranging from traditional to emerging religions. Prominent, trailblazing women are included as entries, as are themes such as ordination, adultery, ghosts, femininity and feminisms, which are found in many religions. The enormously helpful 'Synoptic Outline' provides the conceptual vision for the encyclopedia, putting each article into an overall context. There are four broad concepts: religious traditions, transreligional phenomena, methods and theories in the study of women and religion, and religion and culture.... A rich resource about women and religion throughout the world...."

YOUNG, ROBYN V. with ZORAN MINDEROVIC, eds. Notable Mathematicians: From Ancient Times to the Present. NewYork: Gale, 1998.

Review: J. O. Christensen in Choice 36.3 (1998), 498: "The editors' careful selection of 303 mathematicians represents all time periods, races and ethnic groups, and nationalities, and both genders. There are helpful indexes of disciplines, genders, nationalities, and subjects. Appendixes provide a timeline and a list of recipients of mathematical awards and prizes. Each biography includes a bibliography, and the work ends with a general bibliography."

See French 17 (1997).

CALDER, ANDREW. "Humor in the 1660s: La Rochefoucauld, Molière and La Fontaine." SCFS 20 (1998), 125–38.

Illuminating exploration of the paradox of public optimism, in the first half of the 1660s, and the bleakness of literary production. All three authors condemn the court, and are happy to be free of its corrupting influences. Valuable use of Erasmus in reading Fables 11, 8.

CANEPA, N. L., ed. Out of the Woods: The Origins of the Literary Fairy Tale in Italy and France. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1998.

Review: Felizitas Ringham in FS 53.2 (1999), 206: The collection brings together 11 contributions by a number of eminent scholars on the topic of the literary fairly tale as a vital changing form firmly entrenched in its socio-historical context. The first section focuses on Italian origins; section two deals with French fairy tales of the 1690s; section three treats eighteenth-century parodies and fairly-tale transformations. One regrets the absence of any definition of the genre. Altogether there appears to be little reference to the topical universality or fairy-tale timelessness evoked in the title. "Thus while emphasizing the valuable and interesting contribution this volume makes to literary history, I believe it should be read as a supplement to other seminal fairy-tale studies. . .".

CAREY, GARY and MARY ELLEN SNODGRASS. A Multicultural Dictionary of Literary Terms. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1999.

Review: R. H. Kieft in Choice 36.8 (1999), 1433–1434: "[M]ore than 450 critical and rhetorical terms for fiction, poetry, and drama/theater." Not as "multicultural" as it purports to be in the title.

CAVAILLE, JEAN-PIERRE. "Galanterie et histoire de 'l'antiquité moderne'. Jean Chapelain, De la lecture des vieux romans, 1647." DSS 200 (1998), 387–415.

Composed on the eve of the Fronde, Chapelain's book is at once a study of medieval literature and a revealing appraisal of politics and morality under Mazarin.

CAVAILLÉ, JEAN-PIERRE. "De la construction des apparences au culte de la transparence. Simulation et dissimulation entre le XVIe et le XVIIe siècle." Littératures Classiques 34 (1998). 73–102.

Analysis of the evolution of the metaphysics of being and appearance, simulation and dissimulation, the secret, the notion of public and private, from "sprezzatura" to "honnêteté", from Macchiavelli to Rousseau, from the seventeenth-century valorization of dissimulation to the praise of transparence and sincerity which will prevail in the following century.

CHARBONNEAU, FRÉDÉRIC. "Sexes hypocrites. Le théâtre des corps chez Jean-Jacques Bouchard et l'abbé de Choisy." EF 34.1 (1998), 107–22:

C. examines the use of a theatrical paradigm in the Confessions of Jean-Jacques Bouchard and the Mémoires of l'abbé de Choisy, to illustrate the way in which the two authors attempt to give written form to sexual experience in their 17th-century autobiographical writing.

CHARLES-DAUBERT, FRANÇOISE. Les libertins érudits en France au XVIIe siècle. Collection Philosophies. Paris: PUF, 1998.

Review: J. Prévot in Corpus 35 (1999), 174–176: Volume criticized on virtually every count: for incomplete definitions, faulty methods, insufficient representation of libertine writers, a poor bibliography. "On regrettera sincèrement qu'un public d'étudiants ou de lecteurs soucieux de s'informer à moindres frais se voie offrir un petit livre raté sur un siècle déjà tellement maltraité."

CHAUVEAU, JEAN-PIERRE. "Périodisation de la vie poètique au XVIIe siècle." Littératures Classiques 34 (1998), 161–171.

Three periods, "baroque", la "génération Louis XIII," and "le siècle de Louis XIV," the last one being "le plus insaisissable, le plus rebelle à l'effort de périodisation" since at the time when La Fontaine produces the Fables, poetry in the seventeenth-century might have already been "en voie de liquidation."

CLARKE, JAN. The Guénégaud Theatre in Paris (1673–1680). Lewiston, NY: Mellen, 1998.

First of a projected three volume work intended to provide a detailed account of the Hôtel Guénégaud, first home of the Paris Opéra and first home of the Comédie Françaiise. Excellent information on administrative structures and the running of the theatre.

CLEMENT, MICHELE. Une poétique de crise; poètes baroques et mystiques (1570–1660). Paris: Champion, 1996.

Review: G. Peyroche d'Arnaud in BHR 61.1 (1999), 294–96: " . . . on doit reconnaître le courage de M. Clément de s'atteler à une tâche aussi difficile que définir le baroque—ce qui, en effet, ne peut se faire qu'en termes de crise, ou de tension: tension historique entre Renaissance et classicisme, tension poétique vers l'au-delà du langage, tension métaphysique et mystique vers l'Autre qu'est Dieu."

See French 17 (1997).

CONLEY, TOM. The Self-Made Map: Cartographic Writing in Early Modern France. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.

Review: Timothy J. Reiss in MLQ 60.1 (1999), 113–19: A psychoanalytic study of the links between the development of cartography and self-aware writing. While the reviewer has reservations about "the book's systematizing thesis," he finds it a "formidable display of interdisciplinary learning."

CONROY, JANE. Terres tragiques. L'Angleterre et l'Ecosse dans la tragédie française du XVIIe siècle. PFSCL/Biblio 17, 114 (1999).

Study play by play of the sources, the relations with other dramatic traditions, the public, the creation of literary mythology in the "English tragedies" of Montchrestien, La Calprenède, Puget de la Serre, Boyer, Thomas Corneille, and Boursault. The author takes apart the mechanisms of image creation , that of the great figures, Elisabeth, Mary Stuart, Essex, and the representation of power in this theater.

CORTI, LILLIAN. The Myth of Medea and the Murder of Children. Westport, Conn: Greenwood, 1998.

Review: J. L. Thorndike in Choice 36.8 (1999), 1451: "C. ... argues in this provocative book that though Euripides' Medea is the most famous dramatization of child-murder, by no means is infanticide restricted to the classical Greeks. Drawing from the fields of medicine, psychology, economics, and cultural studies, as well as comparative literature, this invigorating and original book asks why this common act of violence has been subjugated for so long.... [C.] investigates many competing theories, including Freudian (the child is a sexual rival for one parent's attention) and Malthusian (the child presents increased competition for scarce resources). Her research spans the centuries and encompasses literature, film, drama, performance history, fiction and even [television]."

COURSE, DIDIER. "Parure et dévotion: les pierres précieuses du père Le Moyne." DSS 201 (1998), 579–594.

Analyzes the metaphorical uses of jewels in littérature dévote of the first half of the century, from their quasi-universal presence in discourses denouncing female vanity to their use as a symbol of divine truth and election.

CROIX, ALAIN. "L'historien et son nombril. Essai sur la périodisation du XVIIe siècle." Littératures Classiques 34 (1998), 14–25.

The author concludes his attempt at periodization by saying that the classicism of the period Louis XIV divides a Baroque period, which he extends to 1660, from the Enlightenment, all the while viewing the 1630's as marked by a definite push toward Classicism.

CUCHE, FRANÇOIS-XAVIER, ed. Complots et coups d'Etat sur la scène du théâtre: XVIe–XVIIe siècles. Journée d'études du 13 mars 1997. Strasbourg: U.F.R. des Lettres, 1998.

Review: Pierre Ronzeaud in PFSCL 26 (1999), 457–458: "...projections et méditations...non dénuées d'utilité en notre époque de politique spectacle...".

DANDREY, PATRICK. "Moralia & medicinalia. Cadastre, semences et moissons (1977–1997)." DSS 202 (1999), 37–53.

A thorough discussion of the impact of medical science on classical moralists; in the intersection of moralists and "l'imaginaire médical" the author discerns an important transition between scholasticism and "l'encyclopédisme" of the Enlightenment. Appended to the article is a lengthy bibliography of latter-day studies of melancholy, mysticism, possession, medecine and anthropology, history of medecine, sickness and the medical imaginary.

DEBAISIEUX, MARTINE, ed. Le Labyrinthe de Versailles. Parcours critiques de Molière à La Fontaine; à la mémoire d'Alvin Eustis. Amsterdam/Atlanta: Rodopi, 1998.

La première partie, "Autour de Molière," offre sept études qui mettent en question l'ordre établi du siècle et la seconde partie, "Les égarements du Grand Siècle," sept études qui "quittent le droit chemin" pour examiner "ce qui a dû être occulté, refoulé, [et] enfermé."

DEFRANCE, A. AND MÉCHOULAN, É. "L'art de tourner court: conte, nouvelle et périodisation au XVIIe siècle." Littératures Classiques 34 (1998), 173–190.

Analysis of the "nouvelle" and the "conte" by arbitrarily dividing the century's production into two periods, pre-1650 and post-1650. The authors conclude that "la pertinence d'une périodisation tient plus à ce qu'elle permet de penser en aval qu'à ce qu'elle construit en amont."

DEJEAN, JOAN. Ancients against Modern: Culture Wars and the Making of a Fin de Siècle. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1997.

Review: D. N. Deluna in MLN 113.5 (1998), 1183–87: "DeJean's book, focused upon the final decades of Louis XIV's France, offers a new interpretation of the Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes, over antiquity's continuing superiority in letters. She links the Moderns' cause in the conflict to contemporary nontraditional literary communities that are said to have evolved the cultural riches of the modern novel and a sentimental ethos."

See French 17 (1998).

DEJEAN, JOAN. Ancients Against Moderns: Culture Wars and the Making of a Fin de Siècle. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.

Review: Colin Keaveney in FS 52.3 (1998), 343–344: "DeJean's investigation of the Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes equates the Modern position in that debate with the relativist approach of many American academics today: like their French predecessors, today's American Moderns are under attack from conservatives for daring to question the criteria governing the choice of canonical texts." What is most admirable is not so much the "book's arguable central conceit nor its unobjectionable conclusion,. . ., but its unerring attention to the semantic shift and slippage of key words (e.g. 'siècle,' 'public,' 'culture') that offer us some purchase on the changing sensibilities of a bygone age."

DENIS, DELPHINE. "Le discours moraliste: du style à l'inscription langagière." DSS 202 (1999), 55–65.

A study of the "discours du moraliste" rather than "discours moral," the article constitutes a linguistic inquiry into how moralists spoke and demonstrates ultimately that a certain ethos informs stylistic features of moralistic discourse.

DONOVAN, JOSEPHINE. Women and the Rise of the Novel, 1405–1726. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.

Review: D. L. Patey in Choice 36.11/12 (1999), 1938: Disappointing introduction; however, "her short history of women's fiction from Christine de Pizan and Marguerite de Navarre to such early-18th-century figures as Delarivière Manley, Eliza Haywood, and Jane Barker goes on to make a nuanced, persuasive case for a continuing tradition in women's fiction of 'critical irony' and attention to the richly revealing details of particular lives.... Literary scholars may not find much here that is new...."

DOTOLI, GIOVANNI. Temps de préfaces: le débat théâtral en France de Hardy à la Querelle du Cid. Paris: Klincksieck, 1996.

Review: Franziska Sick in PFSCL 26 (1999), 214–215: "On ne peut que souhaiter que ces informations très utiles inspirent de nouvelles recherches et contribuent à enrichir encore nos connaissances du XVIIe siècle.

DOTOLI, GIOVANNI. "Réflexion morale et sociologie." DSS 202 (1999), 67–73.

Claiming that "le moraliste est un sociologue avant la lettre," the author defends this notion by outlining points of convergence in terms of purpose and object of inquiry (desire to understand society as a whole) and methodology(quasi-scientific direct observation, categorization, taxonomy, etc.).

DOUBROVSKI, SERGE. "Existences." TM (Juillet-Septembre 1998), 1–15.

Chapter from his latest book: Laissé pour conte, scheduled to be published by Grasset in January 1999.

DUBOIS, CLAUDE, éd. L'Isle des Hermaphrodites. Genève: Droz, 1996.

Review: M. S. Rivière in MLR 94.2 (1999), 536–37: "In an elegantly written and most informative introduction, complemented by a useful glossary and a select bibliography, Dubois supports the theory first forumlated by Pierre Bayle in his article 'Salmacis' of the Dictionnaire historique et critique (Rotterdam, 1697), that the anonymous author [of L'Isle des Hermaphrodites] was Artus Thomas, Sieur d'Embry, who was probably born in the middle of the sixteenth century and died after 1614. However, the editor dismisses a little too summarily,one feels, the objections raised by scholars before him that a striking stylistic dissonance between Thomas's other works and L'Isle casts considerable doubt on Bayle's hypothesis."

See French 17 (1998).

DUBOIS, CLAUDE-GILBERT. "Le baroque: méthodes d'investigation et essais de définition." Littératures Classiques 36 (1999), 23–40.

The author questions the distinction baroque/classicism, rejects the use of the term "baroque" to describe vastly different movements throughout history, defines a "baroque historique" while emphasizing the difficulty of periodization, and studies the "baroque restreint" of the years 1580 to 1660, from mannerism to classicism, while pinpointing in the latter "une forme française, étatisée, régulée, centralisée, du baroque européen."

DUBU, JEAN. Les églises chrétiennes et le théâtre. Grenoble: Presses Universitaires de Grenoble, 1997.

Review: Claude Abraham in FR 72 (1999), 748–49: "A wonderful book" of lively intelligence and profound understanding, this panoramic study—in effect from the Council of Trent to the Council of Soissons—insists on the distinction of the Church of Rome (which did not declare war on the theatre) and the Gallican church, whose prelates' zeal for protecting their charges led to extravagant measures. For the first time a book on the subject that is more than anecdotal.

See French 17 (1998, Part III).

DUCHÊNE, JACQUELINE. La Dame de Vaugirard. Roman. Paris: Jean-Claude Lattès, 1997.

Review: Maya Slater in PFSCL 25 (1998), 603–604: "Jacqueline Duchêne est parfaitement qualifiée pour entreprendre la tâche de faire revivre le XVIIe siècle par le moyen du roman."

EKMAN, MARY C. "Opening the Account: Initiatory Strategies and Noble Identity in Early Modern Women's Memoirs." FLS 26 (1999), 27–35.

E. summarizes her effort in the following manner: "This paper explores the beginnings of early modern women's memoirs and approaches the idea of beginning as a locus for the interplay of custom and differentiation." Among the questions E. asks are the following: "What initiatory tactics do these writers employ in their adoption of the traditional nobilary genre of memoirs?" How do they present, in the opening lines of their work, the circumstances of their writing? And, how do they differ from the beginnings of contemporary male memorialists?" Much of the article focuses on the Memoires of Marguerite de Valois, whose work constituted, "a radical departure from the tradition of men's memoirs," because they revealed a shift from emphasis on "the nobility and military action," to "lineage and personal merit." Consequently, women's memoirs "underscore the socio-historical construction of woman as different," and at the same time, "negotiate a place for [women's] works in a class-based tradition and argue that their lives are worthy of memory."

EKSTEIN, NINA. "Staging the Tyrant on the Seventeenth-Century French Stage." PFSCL 26 (1999), 112–129.

The author examines the representation of the tyrant on stage: how the "identity of the dramatic tyrant is constructed in the context of the seventeenth-century stage" in the tragedies of Du Ryer, De Viau, Scudéry, L'Hermitte, Corneille, Villedieu, and Racine.

EMELINA, JEAN. Comédie et tragédie. Nice: Publications de la Faculté des lettres, arts et sciences humaines de Nice, 1998.

Review: Michel Autrand in RHL 99.2 (1999), 303: Volume compiles Emelina's principal works on Molière, and seventeenth-century drama in general. Reviewer claims that the originality of E's work lies in his discussion of rarely- studied themes and motifs such as "la présence de l'enfant, l'utilisation de la géographie et l'exotisme, [et] la construction de l'espace." Among the volume's "agréable surprises" are the incoroporation of Garnier into the circle of "grands dramaturges," as well as the link made between Phèdre and Quinault's Bellérophon. Reviewer states that of the nine articles devoted to Molière, the most remarkable are those dealing with death, as well as "la présence du surnaturel et de la fatalité."

EMELINA, JEAN. Comédie et tragédie. Nice: Publications de la Faculté de Lettres, Arts et Sciences Humaines de Nice, Centre de Recherches Littéraires Pluridisciplinaires, 1998.

Review: Charles Mazouer in PFSCL 26 (1999), 465–467: "Jean Emelina, désormais émérite, ne pouvait pas mieux être honoré que par ce volume, qui reflète parfaitement sa personnalité d'universitaire."

ERICKSON, GLENN W. and JOHN A. FOSS. Dictionary of Paradox. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1998.

Review: D. V. Feldman in Choice 36.4 (1998), 657: "The term 'paradox' has wide application, including mathematical theorems with counterintuitive conclusions..., attacks on philosophical systems... or on the foundations of mathematics..., challenges to physical theories..., just plain self-contradictory utterances..., and various outright fallacies. One finds paradoxes of all these sorts and more collected here, each one formulated, explained, and, where possible, resolved. Copious cross-references connect paradoxes united by common themes or distinguished by subtle variations. Carefully compiled citations make this volume a portal to the literature for students with many diverse interests."

FRAGONARD, M.-M. "Changements, ruptures et sentiment de rupture: du XVIe au XVIIe siècle." Littératures Classiques 34 (1998), 205–216.

The author refuses to date a radical turn from the 16th to the 17th Century.

GÉLY-GHÉDIRA, VÉRONIQUE. "Eros et antéros: conversions de la fable dans l'Europe baroque." Littératures Classiques 36 (1999), 127–139.

On the mutation of the fable in Baroque Europe, conditioned by the conversion of allegory from an hermeneutic and discursive form to a rhetorical one, and undergoing a rebirth by investing all the fields of representation, especially the theater, "lieu baroque par excellence", and lyric poetry.

GÉNETIOT, ALAIN. Poétique du loisir mondain, de Voiture à La Fontaine. Paris: Champion, 1997.

Review: C. Berrone in SFr 42 (1998), 129–30: A study of that lyric production devoted to the praise of "loisir", "conversation" "la fine raillerie", and the pleasures of harmony within a restricted group. Includes useful biographic and bibliographic notes dedicated to Voiture, Sarrasin, Benserade, Pélisson and La Fontaine, but many other authors are cited throughout. The conclusion includes an interesting summary of the debate over the classicism of La Fontaine.

GILLOT, MICHEL AND JEAN SERROY. La comédie à l'âge classique. Paris: Belin, 1997.

Review: Charles Mazouer in PFSCL 25 (1998), 610–611: "...mes collègues ont parfaitement maîtrisé —ce qui est à mes yeux un très beau compliment—l'art si difficile de la vulgarisation."

GILOT, MICHEL AND JEAN SERROY. La comédie à l'âge classique. Paris: Berlin, 1997.

Review: C. Berrone in SFr 42 (1998), 342: An overview of the history of French comic theatre from its origins to Beaumarchais, with particular attention paid to the linguistic aspects ("fantaisie verbale") of the various texts. Includes a large number of plot summaries and well-chosen excerpts. B. notes that the sections of the book devoted to the theory of the genre also make good use of frequent citations from préfaces, treatises and other related documents. A full chapter is reserved for each of the most important authors (Molière, Marivaux and Beaumarchais).

GREENE, THOMAS M. "Poetry and Permeability." NLH 30 (1999), 75–91.

Valuable essay richly elaborating the projectiveassimilative cycle of selfhood in which it regulates the economy of acces. Continues investigations begun in Poésie et magie (1991) and "Poetry as Invocation" (NLH, 1993).

GRIMM, J. "Quand s'arrête le siècle de Louis XIV?" Littératures Classiques 34 (1998), 237–249.

The author studies the various "Histoires de la Littérature" to conclude on the difficulty of positing a final date for the "siècle de Louis XIV."

GUENOUN, SOLANGE. Archaïque Racine. New York: Peter Lang, 1993.

Review: Richard Parish in FS 53.1 (1999), 61: This study seeks to build a bridge between Lacanian psychoanalysis and Racinian criticism. The plays discussed are La Thébaïde, Andromaque, Britannicus, and Iphigénie. One of the most fascinating angles of approach lies in the exploration of the antonomastic implications of Andromaque, Agrippine and Clytemmnestre. Unfortunately, bibliographical reference, indexing, accentuation and even spelling are at best approximate, and punctuation is chaotic.

GUION, BEATRICE. "De l'anthropologie des moralistes classiques." DSS 202 (1999), 75–88.

Defends the thesis that moralists can be likened to anthropologists because both seek to understand and describe human behavior through empirical observation; notes as well the limits to such a comparison.

HAMMOND, NICHOLAS. Creative Tensions: An Introduction to Seventeenth-Century Literature. London: Duckworth, 1997.

Review: Nancy Arenberg in FR 72 (1999), 570–71: From the "highly original" perspective of inner tensions, the canonical works are presented with dynamism and a useful dismantling of stereotypes. The clarity of presentation of the polemical dissentions encoded in Pascal's major texts (Ch.4) alone make this book a valuable addition to guides for teachers and students; honnêteté is given a fruitful complexification (Ch. 5); minor genres (and genders) venture into "uncharted territory" with treatment of the marginalized.

HAMMOND, NICHOLAS. Creative Tensions: An Introduction to Seventeenth-Century French Literature. London: Duckworth, 1997.

Review: Maya Slater in PFSCL 26 (1999), 221–222: "Overall, the book is a real pleasure to read, and provides many fresh insights."

HAMMOND, NICHOLAS. Creative Tensions: An Introduction to Seventeenth-Century French Literature. London: Duckworth, 1997.

Review: D. Shaw in LR 94.1 (1999), 197–98: "This slightly over-ambitious study attempts breadth and depth in 160 pages. It aims to give an overview of seventeenth-century French aesthetics, religion, and sexual politics. It also seeks to look beyond the conventionally serene image of the age to the creative stresses that lie at its heart. Rather than a history of literature, it aims to be an impressionistic survey dedicated to correcting the bland image conveyed by the three unities. Nevertheless, it does not entirely avoid the trap of superficiality."

HAROCHE-BOUZINACE, GENEVIEVE. "La lettre à l'âge classique, genre mineur?" RHL 99.2 (1999), 183–204.

Article deals with three main "lignes de partage (oral-écrit, éphémère-durable, féminin-masculin)" that shape the letter's status in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (1623–1789). In general, author discusses the process of "minorisation," in which the letter, while appreciated in various intellectual circles of early modern France, nonetheless was relegated to the lower ranks in the hierarchy of literary types. The reasons for this diminution are in part conceptual. As H-B states at the beginning of her essay, "La lettre obéit à des conventions prescriptives élémentaires, et ne peut se référer, comme les genres nobles à des normes transcendentales." At the same time, however, social, if not gender issues also contribute to the letter's classification as a "minor" literary contribution. In the latter part of her essay, H-B talks extensively about how, during the period in question, "écriture épistolaire" became synonymous with "écriture féminine." As a result, the letter became a "genre mignon," characterized to a degree by what La Bruyère calls "l'honnête dissimulation." For La Bruyère, this "dissimulation" came about because, "les femmes, par respect de la bienséance," ne [pouvaient] exprimer leurs émotions, mais les laiss[aient] devenir." H-B. argues that La Bruyère praised this type of discourse as fresh and creative. Yet, many eighteenth-century critics saw the subtleties of "feminine writing" as deceptive and manipulative, this confirming the letter's rank as a "genre mineur."

BOILLET, DANIELLE, and DOMINIQUE MOCOND'HUY, eds. Discontinuité et/ou hétérogéniété de l'oeuvre littéraire. Poitiers: Université de Poitiers, 1997.

Review: Nathalie Grande in RHL 99.3 (1999) 535: Reviewer summarizes the work in the following manner: "Le présent ouvrage rassemble les travaux d'une journée d'étude [organisée par] le groupe de recherche de l'Université de Poitiers, 'Littérature et société en France, en Italie, en Espagne, et au Portugal aux XVe –XVIIe siècles.'" Among the seventeenth-century French authors discussed are d'Urfé and Le Moyne. The work is comparative in its approach, and covers a variety of genres ranging from poetry to the sentimental novel.

HARRISON, HELEN L. Pistoles/Paroles: Money and Language in Seventeenth-Century French Comedy. Charlottesville, VA: Rookwood Press, 1996.

Review: M. Hawcroft in MLR 94.1 (1999), 1108–09: "Serious and intellectually ambitious" work, "theoretically informed" and thoroughly grounded by "political and economic history, rhetoric, and the sociology of the theatre as well as with the techniques of textual analysis." Discussions based on comedies by P. Corneille, Scarron, T. Corneille, and Molière. Reviewer cites interestingly argued views but regrets "too many different angles of vision": "Sometimes, the focus is on characters' financial exchanges, sometimes on the financial problems of seventeenth-century French society, sometimes on the financial needs of playwrights, and sometimes the first of these is taken as a metaphor for the second and third."

See French 17 (1998).

HOFFMAN, KATHRYN A. Society of Pleasures: Interdisciplinary Readings in Pleasure and Power During the Reign of Louis XIV. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997.

Review: Megan Conway in SCN 57 (1999), 71–73: Eight essays illustrate Hoffman's thesis "that the construction and execution of absolute power—and perhaps all power—carry the seeds of that power's own eventual, and it would seem inevitable, destruction." Chapters are devoted to a variety of texts and topics including Louis XIV's Mémoires, Racine's Bazajet, Molière's Dom Juan and Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme. A analysis of a Jesuit and Jansenist disagreement over fasting "slips beautifully into a discussion of the sins and merits of chocolate" in a chapter based on an entry from Furetière's Dictionnaire universel. Reviewer writes that Hoffman creates "her own contemporary version of a palimpsest, a rather three-dimensional text where the non-static politics of power are described, inscribed and re-inscribed on a multiplicity of levels. The book requires much patience and reflection but ultimately deserves them both."

HOGG, CHLOE. "Strong Women, Illustrious Men: Constructing History and Civic Virtue in the Grand Siècle." PFSCL 26 (1999), 19–27.

The author compares the projects of Scudéry (Les Femmes illustres ou les Harangues héroiques) and Perrault (Les Hommes illustres qui ont paru en France pendant ce siècle), who both work at dismantling absolutism through their lessons in civic virtue.

HOURCADE, PHILIPPE, ed. "Les minores." Littératures classiques 31 (automne 97).

Review: François Lagarde in PFSCL 26 (1999), 222–224: "Le coordinateur fort stylé de ce numéro réussi a bien fait de retenir des études portant sur des auteurs du "grand" siècle ainsi que sur ceux qui ont suivi ou précédé."

HOWARTH, WILLIAM D., ed. and JAN CLARKE, EDWARD FORMAN, JOHN GOLDER, MICHAEL O'REGAN and CHRISTOPHER SMITH, assoc. eds. French Theatre in the Neo-Classical Era: 1550–1789. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Review: Michael Hawcroft in FS 53.2 (1999), 201: This work deserves the "congratulations and gratitude of anyone with an interest in early modern French theatre. Their volume creates a rich and fascinating context in which to situate both familiar and unfamiliar plays of the period." The documents are divided into 4 chronological periods: 1550 to 1630, 1630 to 1680, 1680 to 1715, 1715 to 1789; and within each period the arrangement is thematic. Each group of documents is preceded by a concise and helpful commentary. The bibliography is excellent.

HOWARTH, WILLIAM, ed. French Theatre in the Neo-classical Era, 1550–1789. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Review: R. W. Herzel in ThS 39.2 (1998), 122–124: "Howarth's splendid contribution to the Cambridge Theatre in Europe: a documentary history should add considerable momentum to the study and teaching of French theatre as theatre. Many of the documents presented here have not been published before; many more were published only in limited editions that have been out of print for decades; the large majority have never been translated. The collection is carefullly indexed, and concludes with a thorough and extensive bibliography... which concentrates on genuine theatre history, to the notable exclusion of many of the most familiar works of dramatic criticism. The book is divided into four parts: 1550–1630, from the interdiction of religious drama to the beginnings of viable commercial theatre in Paris; 1630–1680, the period of Corneille, Molière and Racine; 1680–1715, from the formation of the Comédie-Française to the death of Louis XIV; and 1715–1789, from the Regency to the Revolution. Each chronological part is divided into topical sections, with the system of classificaton changing according to the period.... The scholarly and editorial standards maintained by Howarth and his team of associate editors are very high." Includes "documents of control," "eighteenth-century material on audiences, authors, critics, and censorship," "acting, architecture, stage presentation, and company administration," "playhouses, companies, mise en scène and costume," and "actors, audiences, authors and critics." "The editors maintain a consistent practice of identifying the source of each document, referring to pertinent scholarship, and then allowing the document, whether written or pictorial, to speak for itself as much as possible.... In short, excellent as the organization of this collection is, much of the pleasure of paging through it comes from the discovery of unexpected connections, quirks and insights. The book will be a godsend to teachers of theatre history, both as a way of bringing vividness and life to what are often dry generalizations and as a source of ammunition against conventional wisdom.... Its usefulness to scholars, though different, is equally great: as an entry-point into the complex, idiosyncratic, and scattered world of French theatre documentation, it will be both a time-saver and, one hopes, an inspiration."

HOWARTH, WILLIAM D., ed. French Theatre in the Neo-Classical Era, 1550–1789. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Review: D. F. Connon in MLR 91.2 (1999), 537–38: "The volume collects together a vast array of documents from the period specified in the title, relating to all aspects of theatrical life, the practical as well as the literary. Indeed, this is much more a social history of French theatre of the era than a study of literary developments."

JACKSON, JOHN E. "On Literary Subjectivity in the Seventeenth Century." Diogenes 46.2 (1998), 75–88.

A psychoanalytic discussion of subjectivity applied to the seventeenth century. J. opposes the heterogeneity of intrapsychic and intersubjective relations with the homogeneity the classical subject seems to insist upon. His primary example is Corneille, whose multiple characters in any given play all seem to speak in the same voice in a kind of subjective affirmation. J. examines Médée and Rodogune to show how these two works "sought to resolve the opposition between inherently conflictual subjectivity ... and the desire for unity and homogeneity that governs the conception of the self at this time." He then contrasts subjectivity in these plays with the character of Alceste in Molière's Misanthrope, arguing that Alceste desires a "symbolic usurpation of the King's place." J. further describes the place of the Self in Pascal and La Rochefoucauld: "The Self is ultimately hated ... as the seat of volition, a dominating pride, that is fallen nature transforms into the creature's ultimate locus of resistance to grace granted by God" in Pascal, while La Rochefoucauld's "concern for demasking" intends to "liberate the Self from its illusions." J. concludes with a discussion of Amphitryon, in which "The Self, guaranteed by language, proves as impossible to grasp as it was for Pascal."

JANIK, VICKI K., ed. Fools and Jesters in Literature, Art, and History: A Bio-bibliographical Sourcebook. Westport, Conn: Greenwood, 1998.

Review: F. K. Barasch in Choice 36.4 (1998), 672: "A global 'dictionary' of comics and clowns..., this work offers 60 entries, varying in length and depth, each with the same useful format: background, description and analysis, critical reception, notes (where relevant), and a selected bibliography. The volume opens with a scholarly introduction to the fool figure and closes with a general bibliography." Includes commedia dell'arte. "By taking fools seriously and by recognizing their value in cultural criticism, the editor has performed a monumental service to the state of learning: fools point to the instability of language and the 'fallibility of reason,' and they hold secrets of their societies."

JAOUËN, FRANÇOISE. De l'art de plaire en petits morceaux. Pascal, La Rochefoucauld, La Bruyère. Vincennes: Presses Universitaires de Vincennes, 1996.

Review: C. Rosso in SFr 42 (1998), 343: R. indicates that by insisting on the problematics of reading, F. Jaouën is able to approach a complex subject (the nature of fragmentary texts) from a new perspective. The study focuses particularly on the link between writing and reading, the triangulation between the author, the book and the public. R. notes that the chapter on Pascal contains an original and extremely interesting rereading of the fragmentary nature of the Pensées.

JENSEN, KATHARINE ANN. Writing Love: Letters, Women, and the Novel in France, 1605–1776. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1995.

Review: Nancy Mc Elven in FR 72 (1999) 916–17: After describing an inscription of women letter-writers into an "ideology of femininity" predicated on their abandonment, claims that publishers (male) created the image of "feminine, emotional epistolarity," in order to marginalize it as "love letters." Close reading of Mme de Villedieu's letters shows a contrary reality, as does Anne Ferrand's (the two 17th-century figures treated here, followed by Graffigny, Riccoboni, Lespinasse). Fine thematic and stylistic analysis and significant use of self-help manuals. A real contribution to current scholarship in women's writing on the history of the novel.

See French 17 (1998).

KAPP, VOLKER. "Les moralistes et la rhétorique." DSS 202 (1999), 89–99.

Highlights relevant scholarship on the rhetoric of moralists and examines the ways in which "la lecture rhétorique" illuminates both stylistic and thematic elements of moralist literature.

KATRITZKY, M. A. "Was Commedia dell'arte Performed by Mountebanks? Album amicorum Illustrations and Thomas Platter's Description of 1598." ThR 23.2 (1998), 104–126.

An excerpt from Katritzky's own introduction to this issue of ThR summarizes his article as follows: "With particular reference to Thomas Platter's lengthy account of an Italian mountebank troupe performing in Avignon in 1598, and to over twenty pictures of mountebanks in alba amicorum," this article "examines some aspects of early modern mountebank activity from a specifically visual point of view. These aspects are mountebanks' venues, stages and audiences; their commercial activity; the appearance and routines of the chief mountebank; his companions, and the entertainment offered by the troupe as a whole."

KNAUFF, BARBARA. "The Curious Traveler in Foigny's La Terre australe connue (1676)." PFSCL 26 (1999), 273–282.

This paper was presented during the 1997 MLA convention conference on "La curiosité au XVIIe siècle." The author defines the role of curiosity, both subjective and objective, in 17th Century culture, by "examining its focal and dual role in one of the most fascinating texts in the French imaginary voyage tradition."

KRONEGGER, MARLIES. "Introduction au baroque." Littératures Classiques 36 (1998), 17–22.

The baroque period is seen as a cultural apex, when "toutes les formes de la vie et des arts ont atteint des sommets insoupçonnés."

LAFOND, JEAN. L'homme et son image. Morale et littérature de Montaigne à Mandeville. Paris: Champion, 1996.

Review: J.-P. Collinet in SFr 42 (1998), 131–2: An "important volume" consisting of thirty articles, almost half of which are devoted to "La Rochefoucauld et son milieu." C. pays particular homage to C. Rosso's "Procès à La Rochefoucauld" (a study focusing on the "augustinisme" of the Maximes) as "la pièce maîtresse de tout l'ouvrage et son plus ferme point d'appui", but characterizes the entire collection as a "collection bien équilibrée, ensemble homogène, contenu dense et riche de savoir et de réflexion: tout concourt à transformer cette gerbe d'écrits divers par la date et la destination en un livre cohérent, solide et de haute qualité."

LAFOND, JEAN. L'homme et son image: Morales et littérature de Montaigne à Mandeville. Geneva: Slatkine, 1996.

Review: D.J. Culpin in FS 52.4 (1998), 464: "This book brings together thirty articles by Lafond, twenty-nine of which have been previously published. The underlying theme which gives the book its unity is the preoccupation with self-knowledge, present in western moral thought since Socrates, and dominant in the writing of French moralists of the later seventeenth century. It is on this period and, not surprisingly, on La Rochefoucauld, that these pages principally focus. . . . For the most part these contributions hang together well. . . ".

LAFOND, JEAN. L'homme et son image. Morales et littérature de Montaigne à Mandeville. Paris: Honoré Champion, 1996.

Review: Michael S. Koppisch in DSS 202 (1999), 202–203: A collection of thirty articles by Lafond devoted to Montaigne, Descartes, Guez de Balzac, and La Rochefoucauld. "Ce qui donne l'unité aux chapitres de ce livre est la centralité de 'la morale dans sa double dimension individuelle et sociale.'"

LAGARDE, FRANÇOIS, ed. L'esprit en France au XVIIe siècle: Actes du 28e congrès annuel de la North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature. PFSCL/Biblio 17, 101 (1997).

Review: Henry Phillips in FS 52.4 (1998), 461–462: "This interesting volume of collected papers . . . addresses the complexity of the term 'esprit' in seventeenth-century discourse in France. A number of the contributions inevitably focus on the social issues involved with 'esprit' where the deliberations of Bouhours on the subject take pride of place, alongside, in the literary sphere, those of La Bruyère, with the appearance of Corneille, Molière and Racine. Welcome prominence is given to 'esprit' in the context of women's writing. . . . Finally Pascal is not forgotten, nor La Rochefoucauld. . . . The most important articles are to my mind those of Merlin [who looks at 'esprit' in language] and Viala [who analyses the relation of 'esprit' to 'galant']."

LAGARDE, FRANÇOIS, ed. L'esprit en France au XVIIe siècle. Actes du 28e congrès annuel de la North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature. The University of Texas at Austin, 11–13 Avril 1996. PFSCL/Biblio 17, 101(1997).

Review: Michel Peterson in PFSCL 26 (1999), 480–485: "A la lecture des Actes de ce colloque, on se dit qu'il fait partie des rares auxquels on aurait souhaité participer pour des motifs autres que touristiques."

LASSERRE, FRANCOIS. "Un ouvrage sous-estimé: la Comédie des Comédiens de Gougenot." PFSCL 25 (1998), 511–522.

Refutation of two commonplace beliefs regarding Gougenot's misunderstood play: 1) that this play provides a list and a faithful portrait of the troupe of the Hôtel de Bourgogne and 2) that there is no essential relationship between the first two acts (in prose) and the comedy in verse of the last 3.

LAVOCAT, FRANÇOISE. Arcadies malheureuses. Aux origines du roman moderne. Paris: Champion, 1998.

Review: Eglal Henein in PFSCL 26 (1999), 485–486: "Madame Lavocat a puisé dans la littérature européenne des informations très précieuses qu'elle a su exploiter avec beaucoup de talent."

LAVOCAT, FRANÇOISE. Arcadies malheureuses. Aux origines du roman moderne. Paris: Champion, 1998.

Review: Stéphane Macé in DSS 203 (1999), 402–403: First part of book describes the emergence of the pastoral novel and compares Italian, Spanish and French narratives spanning the 16th and 17th-c.. Second part is devoted to the heroic pastoral novel: "L'auteur insiste en particulier sur le nouveau rapport qui s'établit entre l'Arcadie et l'Histoire." Reviewer finds some repetition in this section but concedes "le tableau historique est d'une grande précision" and characterizes Lavocat's study as a major work.

LAVOCAT, FRANÇOISE. Arcadies malheureuses. Aux origines du roman moderne. Paris: Champion, 1998.

Review: B. Vanhouck in RSH 252 (1998), 198–200: "Dans cette longue étude comparée et extrêmement documentée de la pastorale en prose telle qu'elle fut pratiquée en Espagne, en Italie et en France de la fin du XVIe siècle jusqu'au XVIIIe siècle, F.L. met d'abord en avant l'existence d'une 'pastorale académique,' apparue au XVIe siècle et qui ne s'écarte guère de ses origines poétiques, à la fois bucoliques et idylliques. Célébrant les vertus du Prince et les pouvoirs de la parole poétique, le récit conserve une dimension allégorique prononcée qui passe notamment par la présence d'un 'je' à la fois poète et figure à peine travestie de l'auteur. Académique, cette pastorale l'est en effet, dans la mesure où elle met en scène une communauté de poètes à l'image des académies crées d'abord à la Renaissance en Italie, puis en France et en Espagne." In France and Spain: "l'univers pastoral, rejeté loin de toute histoire, et circonscrit dans l'espace par des frontières infranchissables que matérialise parfois une géographie insulaire, se rapproche de l'utopie. Il s'en distingue cependant par les relations ambiguës qu'il noue avec l'extérieur: hors du monde, l'Arcadie subit pourtant plus que jamais les soubresauts de l'histoire. Cette ambiguïté, pour F.L., est le signe même de la réunion conflictuelle de deux genres que leur rapport au temps suffit à séparer: la pastorale, intemporelle, et le roman, soumis à une histoire.... Mais l'auteur échoue finalement à nous montrer sur quoi repose cet antagonisme, affirmé d'emblée et comme allant de soi." Yet overall recommended.

LAWNER, LYNNE. Harlequin on the Moon: Commedia dell'Arte and the Visual Arts. New York: Abrams, 1998.

Review: F. K. Barasch in Choice 36.6 (1998), 1048: "This beautiful folio represents the visual world of commedia dell'arte, old and new, with 181 reproductions of paintings, engravings, and photographs, including 75 full color plates on fine paper. L. organizes the volume in two parts, first providing general readers with a survey of commedia's performance history—from its earliest record in 1545 to Charlie Chaplin, Marcel Marceau and the present decade—and then with a survey of its almost simultaneous history in art. She disburses pictures (some rarely reproduced) and excerpts from printed works throughout, annotating them with descriptions, artist attributions, dates, and translations of inscriptions (which occur in a number of pictures). Scholars should be wary of incomplete or erroneous information.... Nevertheless, the useful index, notes, bibliography, and picture credits can help scholars identify resources for checking facts...."

LECOQ, JEAN-FRANÇOIS. "Morales classiques et philosophies contemporaines." DSS 202 (1999), 101–118.

Considers "la rencontre de la philosophie et de la réflexion morale," focusing on the significant role of English philosophers as well as Descartes and classical philosophers.

LEERSON, JOEP. "Caractères des nations et imagologie." DSS 202 (1999), 119–123.

A brief outline of the pertinence of moralist literature for the study of imagologie, "l'étude du discours sur la caractérisation nationale."

LERER, SETH, ed. Literary History and the Challenge of Philology: The Legacy of Erich Auerbach. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996.

Review: Peter F. Dembrowski in Rph 52 (Fall 98), 71–94: Review of a volume containing the papers given at a conference on the "Legacy of Erich Auerbach", and some additional ones, titled: "Literary History and the Challenge of Philology: the Legacy of Erich Auerbach." Dembrowski in his review divides the material as follows: Auerbach's life, Early and contemporary reception, and Problems related to the editing of Old French texts. The author regrets that the "fondo italiano" of Auerbach's thought was not better reflected in "Legacy."

LESLIE, MARINA. Renaissance Utopias and the Problem of History. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998.

Review: E. J. Green in Choice 36.11/12 (1999), 1994: "When historians assess utopian traditions, their assumptions usually include the idea that literary creations reflect what has existed more than what could have been. L. applies this basic notion to 16th- and 17th-century utopian writing. Utopian thought of the day was primarily European, and L.'s method... is distinctly Continental. Bibliographic sources are primarily historical, and she uses little of the other available utopian scholarship." Primary texts discussed are English. Includes "the beginnings of a framework for the vision of utopia as theater."

LEWIS, PHILIP. Seeing through the Mother Goose Tales: Visual Turns in the Writings of Charles Perrault. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996.

Review: Felizitas Ringham in FS 53.2 (1999), 207: "Lewis's study is cogently argued and presented with clarity and precision. His wealth of critical and historical knowledge is impressive as are the illuminating textual and linguistic explorations." The greatest strength of the work lies in the fact that "it combines a detailed critical study of a major seventeenth-century writer with a composite view of the intellectual and literary history of his age."

LONGSTAFFE, MOYA. Metamorphosis of Passion and the Heroic in French Litterature-Corneille, Stendhal, Claudel. Lewiston, NY: Mellen, 1997.

Traces the literary evolution of the dual ideals of love and heroism in these three writers.

MARKS, JONATHAN. "The Charlatans of the Pont-Neuf." ThR 23.2 (1998), 133–141.

Excerpt from M. A. Katritzky's introduction to this issue of ThR summarizes the article as follows: M. "argues that the entertainments offered on the outdoor stages of the French and Italian charlatans active in seventeenth-century Paris are an integral part of the commedia dell'arte, and that an understanding of these street performers is essential to an understanding of the development of French comedy. Through an examination of some of the contemporary publications which comment on them, written by charlatans and others, he draws attention to the stage practice of charlatans, their rivalries and relationship to mainstream theatre, medicine, and each other, and traces the changing personnel of some of the better known charlatan troupes."

MERLIN, HELENE. "Decontextualizing Context." SubStance 28.1 (1999), 29–41.

Considers "the relation between text and context, and the question of the autonomy of literature. If this autonomy exists, where are we to locate it — within the text itself..., or within the socio-historical conditions of its production and reception?" Uses Pierre Bourdieu's Les règles de l'art to read the 17th c., with particular reference to Corneille's Horace, which "seems to require contextualization for its meaning. But if the operation of contextualization throws light on the text, it does not provide the key to it." The conclusion of the article asks, "Might the function of literature be to weave symbolism, in the non-capitalizable sense of this term, where context is lacking? We might consider this function as a contextual given, but each time in accordance with another historicity. We ought, therefore, when thinking of literary history, to think not only of different sorts of temporalites, but above all of different historicities."

MERLIN, HELENE. Public et littérature en France au XVIIe siècle. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1994.

Review: F. Briot in RSH 249 (1998): "[L]e livre d'H. Merlin est l'ouvrage précieux d'une littéraire pour des littéraires. Il permet en effet, par un biais comme de traverse, et une méthode rigoureuse, d'éclairer avec pénétration et sagacité ce qui fait l'axe central et la ligne de partage du champ littéraire du XVIIe siècle: le plaisir...[I]l s'agit de faire du public, et de son jugement, l'arbitre même des œuvres... . On y voit en effet comment, à partir des guerres du bien public menées sous Louis XIV, la notion politique du public va peu à peu se construire et se constituer, jusqu'à devenir — outre ses autres valeurs plus exclusivement politiques — l'élément essentiel de fonctionnement et de compréhension de la 'République des Lettres'.... [L]'apport essentiel de l'ouvrage: sans jamais rien de rébarbatif, aider à comprendre l'émergence d'une littérature en train de s'affranchir d'un champ discursif qui prétendait la régenter.... La richesse des analyses, l'ampleur documentaire, les solides appuis théoriques de cet ouvrage en font d'ores et déjà une référence inévitable, et lourde de réflexions à poursuivre et à relier."

MERLIN, HÉLÈNE, AND DINAH RIBARD. "Enfin vinrent Malherbe, Galilée, Descartes... périodisation littéraire et périodisation culturelle: problèmes théoriques, problèmes historiques." Littératures Classiques 34 (1998), 47–71.

The authors ask the question of the possibility of periodization from the standpoint of "nouveauté" ("Enfin Malherbe vint..."). Unique position of Descartes, who represents a "rupture qui aura permis longtemps d'oublier la philosophie médiévale et religieuse, c'est-à-dire notamment tout l'aristotélisme occidental et oriental."

MICHALOWSKY, ULRIKE, ed. Sur la plume des vents. Mélanges de littérature épistolaire offerts àBernard Bray. Paris: Klincksieck, 1996.

Review: Philip Wolf in PFSCL 25 (1998), 619–621: "Des vingt-trois articles contenus dans ce volume...neuf traitent de la lettre au Grand Siècle et intéresseront tout particulièrement les lecteurs de ces pages."

MOLINIÉ, GEORGES. "Peut-on périodiser un XVIIe siècle stylistique et esthétique?" Littératures Classiques 34 (1998), 131–138.

The author presents the idea that the years 1650–1660 saw inaugurated "une aire bi-séculaire" which would last until the middle of the nineteenth-century.

MONCOND'HUY, DOMINIQUE. "La tragédie de la conjuration et ses enjeux au XVIIe siècle." Vivres Lettres 4 (1997): 65–89.

Review: A. Arrigoni in SFr 42 (1998), 564: This article appears in a special edition of Vivres lettres, entitled "Complots et coups d'Etat sur la scène de théâtre, XVIe–XVIIIe siècles." Moncond'huy analyzes a group of tragedies, all published between 1630 and 1650 and based on the theme of the conspiracy, in order to define a dramatic sub-genre, the "tragédie de la conspiration", which is based on specific aesthetic principles and not merely on a common historical theme.

MOROT-SIR, EDOUARD. La raison et la grâce selon Pascal. Paris: PUF, 1996.

Review: C. Rosso in SFr 42 (1998), 343–4: A collection of essays by the late E. Morot-Sir, who had already devoted part of his critical production to Pascal. Contains "a brilliant preface" by J. Mesnard, which is an homage to the author. The methodology observed in the essays relies heavily on existentialism and modern theories of language, which fascinated Morot-Sir. R. praises the study as being "rich with suggestions and intuitions" which are, however, "not always rigorous" in their demonstration. However, it is at this point of extreme speculation that R. sees the most interesting elements of Morot-Sir's work. An appendix contains a study juxtaposing Pascal to writers of the 20th century (Wittgenstein, Beckett, Sartre, Camus, Bataille).

NEEMANN, HAROLD. Piercing the Magic Veil: Toward a Theory of the Conte. Foreword byJacques Barchilon. PFSCL/Biblio 17, 116 (1999).

Examination of the generic, sociocultural, historical, structural, narratological, semiotic, and psychological dimensions of the conte merveilleux. Neemann concludes by showing that, just as the authors of contes in the 17th century experimented with a new genre, "their tales have become an object of experimentation for theoretical scholarship in the twentieth century.

OLIENSIS, ELLEN. Horace and the Rhetoric of Authority. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Review: William-Fitzgerald in TLS 4988 (6 Nov, 1998), 32: "Dense and elegant book" using the sociological concept of "face" to analyze how Horace in the mastered poetry of Book III of the Odes constructs aesthetic detachment, a monumental face that will deflect envy and criticism and present poetic and social authority for posterity.

PAPASOGLI, BENEDETTA. "L'espace intérieur et l'anatomie de l'âme." DSS 202 (1999), 125–134. A review of recent research on the "culture de l'intériorité." Analyzes the ways in which scientific metaphors and notions of "space" inform conceptions of the invisible inner universe of the soul.

PAPASOGLI, BENEDETTA et BARBARA PIQUE, eds. Il Prisma dei Moralisti. Per Il Tricentenario di La Bruyère. Rome: Salerne Editrice, 1997.

Review: Bérengère Parmentier in DSS 202 (1999), 201–202: In its deliberate effort to juxtapose the work of La Bruyère and that of other authors, genres and national traditions, this book distinguishes itself from other books prompted by tricentenial of Caractères, according to the reviewer. Reviewer recommends this somme for "la précision de ses analyses, l'étendue et la nouveauté des perspectives qu'elle ouvre." Articles in French and Italian.

PARMENTIER, BERENGERE. "Entre l'écrit et l'oral." DSS 202 (1999), 135–146.

An analysis of the complex interdependence of parole and écriture in the production and reception of moralists' work.

PARTNOW, ELAINE T. with LESLEY ANNE HYATT. The Female Dramatist: Profiles of Women Playwrights from the Middle Ages to Contemporary Times. New York: Facts on File, 1998.

Review: P. Palmer in Choice 36.4 (1998), 664: "P. lightly covers more than 200 women playwrights throughout history. Though American and English writers dominate, many other nationalities are represented." Also features "a time line and a supplemental index that briefly mentions 140 additional women playwrights."

PASQUIER, PIERRE. "Les âges de Protée: la périodisation de la vie théâtrale au XVIIe siècle." Littératures Classiques 34 (1998), 139–160.

Periodization of theatrical life, according to theories, genres, generations, stage techniques, and the "querelles", to conclude that these various periods do not parallel each other, and that the accepted ideas about dramatic periodization might, after all, be sound.

PAVEL, THOMAS. L'art de l'éloignement. Essai sur l'imagination classique. Paris: Gallimard, 1996.

Review: J.-P. Collinet in SFr 42 (1998), 136–7: C.'s review of this "captivant ouvrage" is highly favorable, praising the wide range of genres and texts commented by Pavel (aside from the "surprising" and deliberate omission of La Fontaine), the "profusion d'approches variées" and the "audacieuses spéculations" that result from Pavel's analyses. C. commends in particular the pages devoted to narrative fiction, as well as the ability Pavel displays in unifying such a vast array of texts while still respecting "la pluralité [et] la variété des projets tant intellectuels qu'artistiques."

PELLAT, J.-C. "Les mots graphiques dans des manuscrits et des imprimés du XVIIe siècle." LFr 119 (1998), 88–104.

Pellat demonstrates that the handwritten manuscripts of 17th-century authors present a large number of idiosyncracies (joined forms, few external markers of word-boundaries), whereas the printed works of the same authors between 1630 and 1710 display remarkably homogeneous uses (use of spaces, apostrophes, hyphens); he then contrasts these latter uses with contemporary standards.

PELLEGRINI, ROSA GALLI, IDA MERELLO, FRANCA ROBELLO and SERGIO POLI, eds. La 'Guirlande' di Cecilia: Studi in onore di Cecilia Rizza. Paris: Nizet, 1996.

Review: D.J. Culpin in FS 53.1 (1999), 58–59: This volume contains forty-three essays (in French and Italian) devoted to seventeenth-century topics. The material is divided into four sections: poetry, theatre, novel and short story, and language, culture and society. Most of the best known seventeenth-century French writers are the subject of investigation. This is a first-class collection. However there is no overarching theme except that of the 'garland' presented to Cecilia Rizza. "This diversity is both the book's strength and its weakness."

PELLEGRINI, ROSA GALLI, et al., ed. La "guirlande" di Cecilia. Studi in onore di Cecilia Rizza. Paris: Schena-Nizet, 1996.

Review: Jean Marmier in PFSCL 25 (1998), 607–610.

PICARD, RAYMOND et JEAN LAFOND, éds. Nouvelles du XVIIe siècle. Paris: Gallimard, 1997.

Review: P. France in MLR 94.2 (1999), 538: " . . . a rich and fascinating volume, bringing together texts as familiar as La Princesse de Montpensier and stories known only to a handful of specialists. A total of twenty-two authors (plus the Mercure galant) are represented here, and there are forty-seven stories in all, ranging from the eighty-page Voyage de Falaise of Eustache Le Noble to texts of four pages by Jean-Pierre Camus...." Bibliographical notices, introductions to the texts, and extensive notes.

PICARD, RAYMOND, et al., eds. Nouvelles françaises du XVIIe siècles. Paris: Gallimard, 1997.

Review: S. Poli in SFr 42 (1998), 125–6: An "outstanding" Pléiade edition which manages to do justice to a complex and widely varying genre, with its "excellent" introduction, wisely-chosen texts, and exhaustive documentation (chronology, appendices, notices, notes and variantes).

PIOFFET, MARIE-CHRISTINE. "Le pays inventé ou la fiction géographique au temps des précieux." SFr 42 (1998), 434–50.

Pioffet explores the wide spectrum of "fictions géographiques" that were so popular during the mid-17th century (in Mlle de Scudéry, Bussy-Rabutin and Sorel among others), comparing the concrete, topographical details of each fictional landscape, noting that they reveal the ambivalences and contradictions present in classical authors' attitudes towards their own society.

PONS, ALAIN. "Réflexion moraliste et sources italiennes." DSS 202 (1999), 147–156.

Discusses recent French translations of 16th-c. conduct manuals by Baldassar Castiglione, Giovanni Della Casa, and Stefano Guazzo; examines the nature of their influence on French classical moralists.

PREVOT, JACQUES, avec la collaboration de THIERRY BEDOUELLE et d'ETIENNE WOLF. Libertins du XVIIe siècle. Tome I. Paris: La Pléiade, Gallimard, 1998.

Review: N. Casanova in QL 754 (1999), 13: "L'excellente, la lumineuse introduction de J.P. demeurera comme une porte d'entrée essentielle dans ce monde mal connu aujourd'hui.... J.P. déploie un panorama où des légions de penseurs oeuvraient pour la liberté, et de telle manière qu'aussitôt leur actualité s'imposent. 'Le libertinage n'est pas dans les idées, il est dans les audaces. Il n'est pas dans les réponses; il est dans les questions. Et j'y vois un modèle pour tous les temps.' Et pourtant, J.P. décèle chez ces 'philosophes,' un 'inengagement personnel dans la société du temps.' Il en dégage les motifs voire les excuses.... L'action de ces intellectuels prendra d'autres formes, celle d'une abondante création littéraire, appliquée en grande partie à dénoncer toutes les formes de l'imposture.... Ce riche, émouvant et vigoureux volume pourrait servir de clé de voûte de toute la littérature française." Auteurs étudiés: Théophile de Viau, Gabriel Naudé, Tristan l'Hermite, Gassendi, Cyrano de Bergerac, Charles Dassoucy; et en plus L'Ecole des filles.

Review: S. Taussig in Corpus 35 (1999), 169–174: Ce volume "vient combler une lacune de l'édition française." Contains not only libertine texts but also an interpretation of the libertine phenomenon that goes against traditional interpretations. "Entreprise audacieuse et riche de perspectives, permettant de faire le départ entre l'air du temps, le contexte dans lequel ils ont composé leurs œuvres respectives, et leur originalité, leur singularité irréductibles: c'est qu'ils refusent toute forme d'autorité et aspirent, sinon à la vérité, du moins à la plus grande vraisemblance, tâchant de reconstruire le savoir autour d'un 'je' qui, pour décrire les incertitudes, les errances et les doutes, invente des formes nouvelles."

PREVOT, JACQUES, avec la collaboration de THIERRY BEDOUELLE et d'ETIENNE WOLF. Libertins du XVIIe siècle. Tome I. Paris: La Pléiade, Gallimard, 1998.

Review: J.-P. Amette in Le Point 1367 (1998), 124–125: Article summarizing life and publications of 17th c. libertines. Les libertins "sont tous comme des post-soixante-huitards qui retomberaient dans un régime petit-bourgeois pompidolien. Leurs persécuteurs viennent de l'antichambre de Mme de Maintenon. Mais, grâce aux travaux de J.P., formidable raconteur de leur histoire et de leur sensibilité, on peut lire et aimer ces jeunes gens, leur couleur, leur joie, leur talent, leur diversité, leur intelligence. Ils restent vifs et fous. On attend le volume II avec impatience. "

PUCCI, JOSEPH. The Full-Knowing Reader: Allusion and the Power of the Reader in the Western Literary Tradition. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.

Review: E. D. Hill in Choice 36.3 (1998), 516: P. "defends the literary imagination from Homer to hip-hop by way of an account of how allusions work. His view of allusions differs from those of prior studies because of his insistence on the primary role of the reader in generating meaning. For P., an allusion marks a diminution of authorial control over the reader, a control reasserted in nonallusive passages.... P. is at his best when he lays aside his big subject of reader freedom and fortitude and demonstrates in traditional but powerful fashion how one lyric transshapes a predecessor lyric."

QUEMADA, BERNARD. Les préfaces du Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française 1694–1992. Paris: Champion, 1997.

Review: C. Wionet in RSH 252 (1998), 200–201: "Le volume comporte, outre les préfaces des neuf éditions successives du Dictionnaire de l'Académie française (1694, 1718 ... ) et les épîtres au Roi pour la partie qui concerne l'ancien régime, des documents comme des 'essais' non publiés de préfaces, et surtout un appareil critique fort développé. Des notes très précieuses, une bibliographie importante, des index qui rendent possible une lecture transversale du volume."

REYNOLDS-CORNELL, REGINE. Fiction and réalité in the Mémoires of the notorious Anne-Marguerite Petit Du Noyer. PFSCL/Biblio 17, 115 (1999).

The amazing life of a unique woman born during the reign of Louis XIV, who, during her career as a woman journalist, acquired a vast number of enemies. The author studies the play of fiction and reality in the self-portrait Du Noyer proposes of herself in her Mémoires, as well as in the texts written by others about her.

RIZZA, CECILIA, Libertinage et litterature. Paris/Rome: Nizet/ Schena, 1996.

Review: Nancy Arenberg in FR 72 (1999), 1111–12: Series of essays that profile the libertin (in the sense of the free spirit) in Saint-Amant, Cyrano, Gaffarel but which are concentrated in three studies of Théophile: on his idealogy (without assigning a specific philosophical filiation); stylistic traits of his poetry that innovatively transform religious lyricism; and on the relationship of "metamorphosis" to his philosophy of nature.

See French 17 (1998).

RIZZA, CECILIA. Libertinage et littérature. Paris: Schéna-Nizet, 1996.

Review: F. Deschamps in RSH 251 (1998), 206–208: "Pour [C. Rizza], ... le libertinage se définit avant tout comme 'une attitude mentale, une façon de se situer dans la vie et par rapport au monde,' car 'à la base il y a une revendication tenace de liberté.' Il faut comprendre par le terme 'liberté,' esprit d'indépendance face à des principes établis depuis longtemps, ce qui explique l'effervescence intellectuelle caractéristique du début du XVIIe siècle et l'intérêt d'une partie des érudits pour la révolution héliocentrique de Copernic et pour les travaux de Galilée. L'auteur s'emploie à illustrer sa thèse par l'examen attentif des œuvres de Théophile de Viau.... L'analyse précise des textes met ainsi en valeur le détournement profane du lexique religieux dans le domaine des sentiments amoureux. Aucune intention blasphématoire n'anime le poète, mais la volonté de pousser le langage hors de ses limites pour aboutir à la création de métaphores audacieuses. De même, pour C. Rizza, l'utilisation récurrente de la mythologie ne relève pas d'une pure ornementation dénuée d'originalité mais procède d'un système tendant à placer le mythe à la confluence de correspondances entre la nature et le monde des humains, à l'image du cosmos copernicien qui englobe l'homme. Vision poétique qui permet ainsi de s'inscrire dans l'idéologie libertine." Other articles on Saint-Amant, where she maintains that "l'absence de traces d'impiété et ... la sincérité du sentiment religieux...." On Cyrano: demonstrates "le réseau d'échos et de coïncidences tissé entre L'Autre monde et les Essais." Essay on Jacques Gaffarel's Les Curiosités inouyes "met en valeur l'engagement de cet homme de science féru d'astrologie et de Kabbale dans la mouvance de la pensée libertine."

ROHOU JEAN. "Plaidoyer pour une périodisation critique." Littératures classiques 34 (1998), 5–12.

Analysis of the difficulties, on the ideological and the methodological levels, of historical periodization.

ROHOU, JEAN. La tragédie classique (1550–1793). Paris: SEDES, 1996.

Review: L. Benatti in SFr 42 (1998), 132–3: This study is devoted to the description of the classical tragedy, analyzed across a wide span of time. It is divided into six sections, the 3rd-5th of which will be most interesting to 17th century scholars. Includes a 110-page anthology of excerpts, 2 chronologies and a quite complete bibliography.

ROHOU, JEAN, ed. "La périodisation de l'âge classique." Littératures classiques, 34 (1998).

Review: François Lagarde in PFSCL 26 (1999), 493–495: "Ce volume est touffu, riche, plusieurs articles feront référence en histoire littéraire...".

ROHOU, JEAN. La Tragédie classique (1550–1793). Paris: Sedes, 1996.

Review: Liliane Picciola in RHL 99.3 (1999) 537–39: A favorable review in which P. especially commends R. for covering works typically ignored during the period in question. For R., the definition of tragedy stems from "...[tout ce] qui relève dans ses traits essentiels des principes mimétiques de la Poétique d'Aristote." The number of tragedies discussed is quite large, but the grouping is broken down into several thematic categories such as "tragédies de l'énergie, tragédies politiques, tragédies romanesques, [et] tragédies tragiques." Nonetheless, L. claims that one classification is missing, i.e., the "tragédie épique" which applies to some of Corneille's major works. With respect to lesser-known dramatists, L. applauds R.'s mention of Garnier and Théophile, and also praises R. for discussing Voltaire's reaction to seventeenth-century drama. Concluding her review, L. suggests that R. has rendered a large service to the discipline, stating: "on ne peut qu'être reconnaissant à l'auteur de ce volumineux ouvrage d'avoir brassé...tant de connaissances, de textes, de théories, et de réflexions...pour nous en procurer...une lecture agréable et instructive."

RORTY, AMELIE OKSENBERG. "Witnessing Philosophers." P&L 22.2 (1998), 309–327.

Article examines autobiographies written by philosophers, and the theatrical nature of such texts. Includes some references to Descartes, Pascal, Arnauld, Gassendi, Mme d'Epinay. R. concludes that philosophers' autobiograhies do not differ in essence from other autobiographies in the writers' degree of self-knowledge. However, "philosophical autobiography is set apart by the expectations of some of its authors and some of its readers.... Read aright, philosophers' autobiographies reveal the work of philosophers attempting to forge—and to understand—their undertaking.... Philosophers' autobiographies help demystify claims to a special access to truthful insight.... They are not texts, but works-in-progress."

ROSTECK, THOMAS, ed. At the Intersection: Cultural studies and Rhetorical Studies. New York/London: Guilford Press, 1999. Collection of essays listed in Isis 90 (1998), 167.

ROUKHOMOVSKY, BERNARD et LOUIS VAN DELFT. "La question du fragment." DSS 202 (1999), 157–167.

Begins by identifying the various reasons why French scholars, unlike their German counterparts, have traditionally favored the notion of forme brève rather than fragment; argues for the relevance of the latter term. Includes a useful bibliography featuring critical studies on the fragment.

RUBIN, DAVID LEE, ed. Signs of the Early Modern 2–17th Century and Beyond. EMF: Studies in Early Modern France. Vol 3. Charlottesville: Rookwood Press, 1997.

Review: Nathalie Grande in RHL 99.1 (1999), 125: Reviewer summarizes the contributions to this volume which is the second of two works, "consacrés à de nouvelles approches des débuts de l'époque moderne." Among the topics examined are, "la question du sujet chez Descartes," "la modernité du discours politique de Marie de Gournay," "...[la manière dont] les textes orientalistes ont contribué à l'idéologie de l'Etat en Europe," and the Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes.

SCHAPIRA, CHARLOTTE. Le maxime et le discours d'autorité. Paris: Sedes, 1997.

Review: Marc Escola in RHL 99.1 (1999), 128: Generally favorable review in which E. states that until this book, there had been no "ouvrage synthétique (en français) sur la maxime considérée comme un genre littéraire." S.'s focus is primarily on the seventeenth century, with particular emphasis on the linguistic and semantic contexts in which the maxim situates itself. The study also seeks to define the maxim in part by distinguishing it from its "formes apparentées que sont le proverbe, l'apophtegme, et le lieu commun." Despite these strengths, E. points out that S.'s effort overlooks the maxim's "structure dialogique (para-doxale)" as well as the role the maxim plays in narrative texts.

RUBIN, DAVID LEE, ed. EMF: Studies in Early Modern France. Volume 3. Charlottesville: Rookwood Press, 1997.

Review: Laurence A. Gregorio in PFSCL 26 (1999), 497–500: "This volume, like the rest of the series to date, is eclectic, informative, enjoyable and thought provoking."

SAFTY, ESSAM. "La déchéance physique et la perspective de la mort dans la poésie de l'âge baroque." DSS 196 (1997), 567–89.

Review: A. Arrigoni in SFr 42 (1998), 561: Safty analyzes the rise of a form of poetic imagery which replaces the Petrarchist concept of suffering with its new emphasis on physical decay and the presence of death in a study which A. characterizes as "timely and interesting".

SALAZAR, PHILIPPE-JOSEPH. "'L'Eclat et la catastrophe' or Sceptic Independence." SCFS 20 (1998), 1–16.

Far-reaching and carefully argued presentation of texts by La Mothe le Vayer, Saint Evremond, and La Rochefoucauld as documents in a mid-century "dispositif" whereby the concept of diversité allows for "some sort of balance between individuals' private needs and the public insertion of their literary practices" (including notably the need to dissent).

SATORI, EVA MARTIN, ed. The Feminist Encyclopedia of French Literature. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1999.

Rich collection edited by Perry Gethner) of individual lives and of articles on general topics. Contains in appendices a general bibliography and a chronology of French Women Writers.

SCOTT, VIRGINIA. "La virtu et la volupté. Models for the Actress in Early Modern Italy and France." ThR 23.2 (1998), 152–158.

An excerpt from M. A. Katritzky's introduction to this issue of ThR summarizes the article as follows: "V.S. ranges from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries in her examination of two opposing models for early modern French and Italian actresses. The dominant model of the courtesan actress, trained in the arts of music, dance, and conversation, was in France typified by women who followed their husbands onto the stage, and were encouraged by them to entice other men with their lively erotic charms, both on and off stage. S., who calls this the 'Gaillarde' model, discusses it in relation to actresses such as Marie Champmeslé and Armande Béjart, and opposes it to the 'virtuous' model typified in its highest expression by the renowned actress and humanist Isabella Andreini."

SCOTT, CLIVE. The Poetics of French Verse: Studies in Reading. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Review: D. O'Connell in Choice 36.4 (1998), 696: "[T]his volume is divided into two parts: one — descriptive and, to a certain extent, theoretical — looks at the 'poetics of French verse'; the other, resolutely practical, at 'studies in reading.' In the first section, S. ... makes useful comparisons between French and English poetics. He also devotes many illuminating pages to the analysis of the 12-syllable French verse line, the alexandrine, and in so doing takes his reader beneath the surface, laying bare the nuts and bolts that go into the making of some of Racine's most famous lines. In the second part, the author's choice of poems varies widely" and includes primarily 19th- and 20th-century writers.

SIGURET, FRANÇOISE. "Baroque et théâtre, ou l'invention du monde." Littératures Classiques 36 (1999), 253–270.

From 1589, date of the great festivals of the Medici in Florence, to 1711, when Jean Berain, designer for Louis XIV, dies, the author analyzes baroque scenography ("formidable instrument d'appropriation du monde"), the theater as "lieu de civilité", and the question of the "theatrum mundi" which allows the spectator to set his gaze on "la vision microcosmique du macrocosme."

SOARE, ANTOINE, ed. Et in Arcadia Ego: Actes du 27e congrès annuel de la North American Society for XVIIth-Century Literature. PFSCL/Biblio 17, 100 (1997).

Review: Terence Allott in FS 52.4 (1998), 460–461: "United in commemorating the birth of Poussin (1595) and the death of La Fontaine (1695), the many contributors to this illustrated volume centre their attention on Arcadia, an imaginary land of harmonious simplicity yet haunted by thoughts of death, as implied by the enigmatic tomb inscription — the conference's title — in Poussin's famous painting." Contributors discuss the arcadian myth, study the pastoral drama of Hardy and Mairet, and map out La Fontaine's exploration of Arcadia.

SOARE, ANTOINE, ed. Et in Arcadia ego. Actes du XXVIIe congrès annuel de la North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature, Université de Montréal — Université McGill, 20–22 avril 1995. PFSCL/Biblio 17, 100 (1997).

Review: Jean Marmier in PFSCL 26 (1999), 239–241: "Ne cherchons pas d'autre conclusion à ces foisonnants apports que celle dont se réjouit Christine McCall Probes: 'Les études dix-septiémistes se portent bien'."

SOARE, ATNOINE, éd. Et in Arcadia Ego: Actes du XVIIe congrès annuel de la North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature. PFSCL/Biblio 17, 100 (1997).

Review: T. Alliott in MLR 93.4, 1109: "A notable coincidence of anniversaries, commemorating Poussin's birth and La Fontaine's death, gave the Montreal conference an opportunity to explore the arcadian scene, particularly in the writing and painting of seventeenth-century France. A wide range of papers (together with some responses) takes in aspects of the theatre, royal propaganda, or mémoires, as well as the central figures of the painter and the poet. Surprisingly, a review of current trends in critical writing on French literature 1654–79 is included: Philippe Sellier detects, among francophone critics at any rate, a deepening shadow of complexity impinging on the 'arcadian' image of French classicism."

SOUILLER, DIDIER. "D'un art poétique baroque." Littératures Classiques 36 (1999), 45–61.

The author sees in the mass of theoretical reflections of the period some constant affirmations, which compose the principles of a "baroque poetics" centered around the notion of persuasion through feelings and emotion, rather than analysis.

SOUILLER, DIDIER. "Le baroque en question(s)." Littératures Classiques 36 (1999), 5–13.

Introduction to issue 36 of Littératures Classiques, devoted to the "Baroque", a notion which the author values as "an instrument de travail commode." He defines the goals of this collection: "poser des questions à propos du baroque, assurément; remettre en question l'existence du baroque comme fait de civilisation, certainement pas."

SOUILLER, DIDIER. "Périodes du XVIIe siècle français et périodes du XVIIe siècle européen." Littératures Classiques 34 (1998), 27–46.

The author analyzes the century from a European perspective, following three separate tracks: the influence of "conjoncture", the intellectual and ideological evolution, and the comparison of the various moments of French and European literary evolution. He concludes by asserting that France had come back to the forefront, economically, politically and culturally after the collapse which followed the wars of religion.

SPENCER, CATHERINE. "'O grès suspends ton vol!' L'Ecole des femmes ou l'esprit de la lettre." DSS 200 (1998), 483–489.

Author reads the grès-lettre as a trope "qui confirme leur commune nature langagière et permet de repérer, à l'œuvre dans l'un comme dans l'autre, un même déplacement: comme le grès, la lettre se donne comme un 'dit' (niveau littéral), mais se révèle concurremment (niveau dérivé) comme le lieu et le produit d'un certain 'faire'."

SPICA, ANNE-ELIZABETH. "Emblématique et périodisation du XVIIe siècle." Littératures Classiques 34 (1998), 191–204.

From the standpoint of "emblématique", the cultural break is seen around the 1660's.

SPICA, ANNE-ELISABETH. "Moralistes et emblématique." DSS 202 (1999), 169–180.

Outlines the points of convergence between moralist literature and emblems—including their "vocation morale," their shared purpose of explaining "l'énigme du monde," and their formal similarities—and suggests the ways in which studying them conjointly may produce fruitful results.

SPICA, ANNE-ELIZABETH. Symbolique humaniste et emblématique: l'évolution et les genres (1580–1700) Paris: Champion, 1999.

Review: Daniel Russell in PFSCL 26 (1999), 231–242: "...this is an important book that brings much new material and several new perspectives to the study of the emblematics...".

TATAR, MARIA. The Classical Fairy Tales. Texts and Criticism. New York: Norton, 1999.

Review: Carolyne Larrington in TLS 5009 (2 Apr. 1999), 25: Efficiently and thoughtfully produced with many new translations, a "fine introduction" with "intelligent wideranging" treatment of types of tales allowing for a diversity of critical approaches.

TAYLOR, PAUL A. "Imaginative Writing and the Disclosure of the Self." JAAC 57.1 (1999), 27–39.

Opaque activities, such as pretending to do something or concealing oneself behind a mask, provide a means of investigating a question about imaginative writing that is of great interest in literary theory. T. questions whether we should limit ourselves to more cautious claims about the feelings and attitudes of an implied author. He removes some of the "supposed obstacles to the relational view, by opposing a number of analogies and arguments advanced in support of the claim that the author is not accessible through her work."

THIROUIN, LAURENT, ed. Pierre Nicole, Traité de la Comédie et autres pièces d'un procès du théâtre. Paris: Champion, 1998.

Review: Marco Baschera in PFSCL 26 (1999), 500–501: "Vu l'importance de ce texte capital pour la querelle du théâtre, il faut saluer de bon coeur cet appareil critique qui contient en plus des annotations abondantes."

THIROUIN, LAURENT. "Littérature morale et spiritualité." DSS 202 (1999), 181–192.

Provides a useful definition of the difference between spiritualité and religion and explores the "préoccupations spirituelles" of moralist literature.

THIROUIN, LAURENT. L'aveuglement salutaire: le réquisitoire contre le théâtre dans la France classique. Paris: Champion, 1997.

Review: François Lagarde in PFSCL 26 (1999), 243–244: "Cet essai, toujours clair et méthodique, est un précieux travail d'érudition ... la réflexion est sans cesse élargie à des considérations sur les théories dramatiques de Diderot et de Rousseau ainsi qu'à des auteurs contemporains, d'Artaud à Guy Debord."

TRUCHET, JACQUES. La tragédie classique en France. 3ème édition corrigée. Paris: PUF, 1997.

Review: Marie-Odile Sweetser in PFSCL 25 (1998), 622–623: "Cette mise à jour sera très bienvenue et permettra d'attendre une quatrième rédition qui tiendra compte des travaux suscités par le tricentenaire de la mort de Racine en 1999 et qui marquera l'entrée des études dix-septiémistes dans le troisième millénaire."

TRUCHET, JACQUES. La tragédie classique en France. 3e éd. Paris: PUF, 1997.

Review: J.-P. Collinet in SFr 42 (1998), 567: C. reaffirms the very positive opinion of G. Couton (who reviewed this volume for SFr in 1976 when it first came out), calling Truchet's book "une synthèse quasi-définitive et l'état le plus actuel de la recherche," and drawing special attention to the updated bibliography.

UOMINI, STEVE. "Clio chez Calliope: éléments doctrinaux et critiques de l'historiographie romanesque française du premier XVIIe siècle." DSS 201 (1998), 669–679.

Claims that "le développement de l'histoire romanesque était tributaire d'un important corpus théorique;" along with rules governing formal perfection, this corpus offered theoretical grounds for recourse to "procédés fantastiques."

URL:http://ps.theatre.tulane.edu/Period.Styles/PeriodStyles.html.

Review: G. F. Hisel in Choice 36.3 (1998), 512: "Tulane University's Web site is a predictable blend of student marketing and educational course work, with the theater's period styles being typical. Upon arrival one is presented with an art history stylistic outline (text only), which lists the following categories: Ancient World, Early Christian Period, Gothic Period, The Renaissance, The Baroque, ... [etc.]. Choosing a subcategory ... will bring up a one-page synopsis of the period and the choice of slides or an index. Going into the image area, one finds a series of still images, each with the pertinent data always found in the college textbooks. Image quality is good, though detail can often be lost in the larger slides. Hot links are sometimes provided, with a paragraph below each image that allows further jumps to related or in-depth images. In some stylistic periods, additional aides such as maps are included along with links to other disciplines such as costume design."

URL: http://www.coh.arizona.edu/spanish/comedia. Comedia.

Review: O. B. González in Choice Supplement 36 (1999), 91: Includes "a bulletin board for those interested in ongoing comedia discussions; an easy-to-access collection of unannotated primary texts that can be read on screen or downloaded; a database with graphics; and ... an essential general bibliography featuring primary textual material and comedia catalogs.... Written in English, Spanish and French, many of the links originate in other countries."

VIALA, A. "Institution littéraire, champ littéraire et périodisation: l'institution du siècle." Littératures Classiques 34 (1998), 119–130.

Using the concept of "champ littéraire" borrowed from Bourdieu, the author rejects artificial chronological boundaries, to replace them with "configurations", "massifs", and "conjonctures historiques."

WEIMANN, ROBERT. Authority and Representation in Early Modern Discourse. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.

Review: T. Hampton in MP 96.3 (1999), 377–381: An "Anglo-telic history" which "could be countered with a history privileging Descartes, Tasso, or Battasar Gracián." However, "This book is very successful at what it sets out to do."

WOOD, ALLEN G., ed. Le mythe de Phèdre. Les Hyppolyte français du XVIIe siècle. Textes des éditions originales deLa Pinelière,de Gilbert etde Bidar. Paris: Champion, 1996.

Review: J.-P. Collinet in SFr 42 (1998), 133: C. commends "ce corpus restreint, rédité de façon soignée, en dépit de quelques très rares inadvertances, présenté sobrement et pourvu d'une annotation succincte," as an interesting survey of three variations on the theme that Racine would treat definitively in 1677. C. notes in passing, on his own account, that there is perhaps more of intertextual interest to note between Racine's Phèdre and certain passages from La Fontaine than between Racine and La Pinelière.

WORTH-STYLIANOU, VALERIE. Confidential Strategies: The Confident in French Tragic Drama. Geneva: Droz, 1999.

ZIPES, JACK. When Dreams Come True. Classic Fairy Tales and their Tradition. New York: Routledge, 1999.

Review: Carolyn Larrington in TLS 5009 (2 Apr, 1999), 25: Republication of this "prolific and illuminating" scholar of the fairy tale of ten prefaces published since 1983 intended as a "sociohistorical framework." Distrusts psychoanalytic traditions of interpretation and prefers historicist contexts. Among these is a chapter on 17th-century French fairy tales placed in the contexts of précieuses "marginalized by their genre." "An unsatisfactory book according to its aims, casually edited and outrageously priced."

"L'HISTOIRE AU XVIIe SIECLE." Littératures classiques 30 (1997): 1–260.

Review: C. Rizza in SFr 42 (1998), 123–5: A special edition of Littératures classiques, containing articles by A. Niderst, A Duchesne, E. Bury, S. Mazauric, among others. Edited/presented by S. Guellouz, with an important bibliography; addresses the problem of history and historiography from widely differing perspectives.

See French 17 (1998)

RENAUD, MICHEL. Pour une lecture du Moyen de parvenir de Béroalde de Verville. Paris: Champion, 1997.

Review: D. Mauri in BHR 60.3 (1998), 877–79: Deuxième édition revue d'un ouvrage publié en 1984. "Dans ses conclusions, Renaud souligne que la 'différence' et le caractère singulier du Moyen de parvenir révèlent l'isolement intellectuel de son auteur, qui, suspendu, dans une sorte de séance fascinante, entre l'humanisme mourant et le libertinisme à venir, s'interroge sur 'le sens'—ou le non- sens—du monde, et du livre qui le met en scène."

CHANUT

RAYMOND, JEAN-FRANÇOIS DE. Pierre Chanut, ami de Descartes. Paris: Beauchesne, 1999

CHAPELAIN

PETERS, JEFFREY. "Ideology, Culture, and the Threat of Allegory in Chapelain's Theory of La Vraisemblance." RR 89.4 (1998), 491–505.

P. focuses on Chapelain's preface to Adonis (1623) which, in large measure, deals more with C.'s ideas on "la vraisemblance" than on Giambattista Marino's epic poem. Author wishes to "emphasize the cultural significance of Chapelain's act of critical misdirection," in which "la vraisemblance provides a useful framework within which to theorize the nature of social laws in early modern France." After describing the seventeenth-century insistence "on the social dimension of poetic verisimilitude," P. then discusses Genette's interpretation of "la vraisemblance as a form of ideology." With respect to Chapelain, this theory of the verisimilar centers on "...a narrative structure whose cultural enactment conditions readers...to a linear logic of apparently self-evident causality." What hinders the effectiveness of the verisimilar according to C., is allegory, "because it is reliant upon reading and interpretation, and thus subject to the disfigurations of polysemy." P. explicates these ideas throughout the article, then shows how Chapelain applies this theory fourteen years later as the "author of the Academy's official decision" in the Querelle du Cid (1637).

CLAVERET. JEAN

SCHERER, COLETTE, ed. Jean Claveret, L'Esprit fort, comédie. Genève: Droz, 1997.

Review: Perry Gethner in PFSCL 26 (1999), 234–235: "...a fine edition, which makes a genuine contribution to our understanding of early French classical comedy."

Review: C. Rizza in SFr 42 (1998), 127: Known mostly for his participation in the "querelle du Cid", Claveret is the author of 2 extant plays. L'Esprit fort was performed at the Hotel de Bourgogne around 1630 and published by F. Targa in 1637. Although the play is not particularly original, R. concludes that it deserved an accurate edition, if only for its contribution to our understanding of theatre during the early years of Corneille's career.

CORNEILLE, PIERRE

AUCHINCLOSS, LOUIS. La Gloire: The Roman Empire of Corneille and Racine. Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press, 1996.

Review: T. Dubost in ThR 23.2 (1998), 183–184: "Fourteen plays... are briefly studied — about six pages per play — and one has mixed feelings about whether the remarks concerning the abstracts he comments on are accurate." No attempt to define "glory" (Roman or French). Tentative links between Roman politial situation and French situation are made; could be developped. Lacks a conclusion.

Review: S. R. Baker in SoAR 63.2 (1998), 124–125: "In this slim volume, a well-known American man of letters endeavors to convey his notion of the spirit informing the Roman plays of Pierre Corneille and his younger rival, Jean Racine. Elegantly written with a view towards the cultivated but not scholarly reader, A.'s series of fourteen brief essays presents twelve tragedies of Corneille ... and two tragedies of Racine.... Rather than order his discussion according to the dates when these plays were written, the author has chosen to espouse the chronology of Roman history itself... [S]uch an ordering gives the reader a very absorbing overview of Roman history as treated by the two greatest tragic poets of the classical age in France." Reviewer questions A.'s definition of "la gloire," however. "It is nonetheless commendable that despite many excellent translations of verses by Corneille and Racine, A. declines to translate the term la gloire. He thereby gestures towards the rich ambiguities of this cultural ideal, its appeal to contemporary audiences..., and even... its very theatrical basis as an ethical concept." Recommended for undergraduates and "those in the teaching profession who still enjoy a 'humanistic' approach to the canon."

BANDERIER, GILLES. "Corneille et Louis le Laboureur." DSS 196 (1997), 609–14.

Review: A. Arrigoni in SFr 42 (1998), 565: A study of the "querelle" that arose following the publication of a pamphlet called Les avantages de la langue française sur la langue latine between its author, Le Laboureur, and René-François de Sluse, focusing on the manner in which the two used Corneille's oeuvres to justify their own theoretical positions.

BILLARD, PIERRE. Performance review of Le Cid at the Maison des Arts de Créteil, autumn 1998. Le Point 1361 (1998), 130–131.

"Il fallait un Anglais pour oser rénover notre monument historique: c'est une complète réussite. Declan Donnelan restitue la comédie de mœurs qui rôde dans cette 'tragédie-comédie héroïque.' Son Rodrigue n'a rien d'un Matamore et répugne à la tâche que la défense de l'honneur familial lui impose. La pièce devient humaine, contrastée, plus riche de ses nuances et de ses ambiguités."

BILLARD, PIERRE. Performance review of Polyeucte, mise en scène de Christian Schiaretti at the Théâtre d'Ivry, May, 1999. Le Point 1391 (1999), 128–129.

"Une troupe assez pâle, des comédiens sans vraie noblesse, un jeu sans éclat brisent l'émotion du spectateur, qui n'est plus qu'attentif."

CAHNE, PIERRE: "Note sur la comédie du Menteur. Charge ironique de la parole du philosophe." PFSCL 25 (1998), 397–399.

Did Corneille organize his comedy with satirical intentions? Was the audience supposed to identify Dorante as Descartes?

CARLIN, CLAIRE. "Corneille's Confessional Discourse." SCFS 20 (1998), 71–82.

Carefully and persuasively argued analysis of questioning of motives and loss of ability to resolve moral conflict as hallmarks of plays in the 1660s whose protagonists have lost the sense of heroic self-sacrifice.

COUPRIE, ALAIN. "Coups d'état ou coups de théâtre? Corneille entre ambiguïtés idéologiques et nécessités dramatiques." Vives Lettres 4 (1997), 91–104.

Review: A. Arrigoni in SFr 42 (1998), 565: A discussion of the themes of the "conjuration" and the "coup d'état" in the theatre of Corneille reveals that while the playwright deplores such actions on an ideological plane, both the conspiracy and the coup d'état are, from a theatrical point of view, necessary elements. Therefore, in his plays there are "good" and "bad" conspiracies, in function of how necessary they are to the dramatic needs of the plot.

DANDREY PATRICK, GEORGES FORESTIER, et PIERRE RONZEAUD, eds. Corneille: Cinna, Rodogune, Nicomède. Actes de la journée d'études du CMR 17 du 22 novembre 1997 à Marseille sous la direction de Pierre Ronzeaud et de la journée Corneille en Sorbonne sous la direction de Patrick Dandrey et Georges Forestier. Paris: Champion, 1998.

Review: Milorad R. Margitic in PFSCL 26 (1999), 458–460: "This is a fascinating collection of essays...[which] bear witness to the vitality of Corneille scholarship."

DANDREY, PATRICK, ed. Polyeucte. Paris: Gallimard, 1996.

Review: Valerie Worth-Stylianou in FS 52.3 (1998), 340–341: "This Folio edition of Polyeucte is intended for the (French) undergraduate market. . . . Dandrey's introduction to the text gives a confident account of the place of Polyeucte among Corneille's early tragedies, drawing fruitfully on Forestier's recent work on the relationship between 'forme' and 'sens' in Corneille. . . . The bibliography of secondary criticism is up to date and extensive, but distinctly biased towards studies published in France."

ESCOLA, MARC et BENEDICTE LOUVAT. "Le statut de l'épisode dans la tragédie classique: Œdipe de Corneille ou le complexe de Dircé." DSS 200 (1998), 453–470.

Authors demonstrate the ways in which Corneille's insertion of the Thésée/Dircé love story exemplifies the "ambiguïtés de la doctrine classique de l'épisode," and they conclude that Œdipe stages "la confrontation esthétique d'une comédie héroïque et d'une tragédie, la collusion du pathétique ancien de l'agnition et du pathétique moderne continu."

FORESTIER, GEORGES. Corneille, le sens d'une dramaturgie. Paris: Sedes, 1998.

Review: Milorad R. Margitic in PFSCL 26 (1999), 467–468: "Dense, rich in insights, amply documented, and thoroughly persuasive...".

GEORGES, ANDRE. "Le sens des stances de Polyeucte." DSS 200 (1998), 471–482.

Diverging from interpretations offered by various critics, author argues that Polyeucte's stances (IV:2) form a culminating point of the action: "les deux premières stances célèbrent la mort de Polyeucte au monde et les deux dernières son épanouissement en Dieu."

GOULBOURNE, RUSSELL J. "Visual Effects and the Theatrical Illusion in Pierre Corneille's Early Plays." PFSCL 25 (1998), 531–544.

The author seeks to attend to a neglected aspect of Corneille's work, the visual qualities of his plays (using as evidence Corneille's use of décor, exits and entrances, movements and gestures, stage properties and costumes) and relating these devices to "his well-known thematic preoccupation with self-conscious theatricality" evident in role-playing, the activities of theatrical director-figures, and his playful treatment of dramatic conventions.

GREGORIO, LAURENCE A. "Their Mean Task: Women and the Classical Ideal in Corneille's Theater." PFSCL 26 (1999), 371–387.

The author attempts to show the differences of characterization between the genders in Corneille's theater, where "men are bound to a Platonic quest for abstract ideals" and "determined by baroque ideals" while to women is consigned the "classical quest for moderation."

HARRISON, HELEN. "Payer or récompense: Royal Gratitude in Le Cid." FR 72 (1998), 238–49.

Examines the royal difficulties of a king endebted to a subject and the need to obfuscate similarities of "paiement" and "récompense." The play, as some contemporary critics point out, made its public applaud royal gifts at the expense of noble bravade, bolstering the ideology of nascent absolutism.

HUBERT, JUDD D. Corneille's Performative Metaphors. Charlottesville, VA: Rookwood Press, 1997.

Review: Claire Carlin in PFSCL 25 (1998), 616–617: "With all of his work on Corneille collected, revised, and greatly augmented, the critic provides a delightful performance, worthy of Corneille's poetic genius."

Review: D. Clarke in MLR 91.2 (1999), 539: "In the conviction that 'theatricality can provide as valid a matrix for the genesis of Corneille's theater as history and other recourses to referentiality,' Judd Hubert discusses the 'auto-genesis of the work of art', reading each play 'as though it had come into being for a deliberate display of 'self-referential theatricality, henceforth posited as the dominant causal agent or actant'."

KERR, CYNTHIA B. "Sous le signe de l'Europe: Le Menteur de Jean-Marie Villégier." PFSCL 25 (1998), 555–570.

"European" signification of Jean-Marie Villégier's traveling production of Corneille's Le Menteur, "pièce franco-espagnole et, par certains aspects, franco-italienne", which went on a European tour for a year and a half. Villégier has been instrumental in bringing to the stage, besides Corneille, Garnier, Rotrou, Hardy, Mairet and Tristan L'Hermitte.

LE GALL, ANDRÉ. Pierre Corneille en son temps et en son oeuvre: enquête sur un poète du théâtre au XVIIe siècle. Paris: Flammarion, 1997.

Review: Marie-Odile Sweetser in PFSCL 26 (1999), 227–229: "Cette biographie constitue une somme cornélienne à jour, tenant compte des apports de l'érudition et de la critique qui ont permis un renouveau des études cornéliennes, ponctuée par de judicieuses remarques sur les concepts dramatiques et philosophiques qui sous-tendent l'oeuvre."

LYONS, JOHN D. "Race and Merit: the Dilemma of Corneille's Carlos." FLS 26 (1999) 15–25.

The thématique undergirding L's argument is the idea that, "The seventeenth century saw the shift from a pre-modern self determined by family and tradition, to a modern self that assumes the power to act and appear independently of the past, and in particular, independently from the family." In his introduction, Lyons mentions several plays which "focus on themes of misunderstood identity," but suggests that Don Sanche d'Aragon (1650) "most explicitly raises the question of the relation between identity and origins." The central issue of the play, i.e., whether or not Carlos is "the heir to the throne of Aragon," leads Lyons to develop the conflict between "race" and "merit." Corneille deals with the tension subtly, arriving at an equilibrium in which both qualities reinforce one another in the creation of a princely identity which is in part based on dramatic performance. Lyons states that as the play draws to a close, "Of course the princes are still princes, and we can assume that their ability proceeds from this genealogical bases, but through disguise they create the appearance of a merit that transcends birth and belongs specifically to the individual hero.

NIDERST, ALAIN, ed. Les comédies de Corneille: Actes du Colloque de Rouen. PFSCL 25 (1998): 109–278.

Review: C. Rolla in SFr 42 (1998), 564–5: A collection of papers (by M.-F. Wagner, C. Mazouer, A. Soare, H. Stone and R. Goodkin, among others) presented at Rouen under the aegis of Niderst that illustrate the richness and subversive nature of Corneille's comedies. Topics include: the dramatic function of the confidante; the conflict between parents and children in Corneille and Molière; the trial as a point of contact between Corneille's comedies and tragedies; "les humeurs"; the Place Royale; and the promenade as a theatrical mise en abyme.

RIOU, DANIEL, ed. Lectures de Corneille: Cinna, Rodogune, Nicomède . Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 1997.

Review: Alan Howe in FS 53.2 (1999), 203–204: The eight essays presented here, written by established scholars, will interest both students and specialists. "Two unifying threads run through this collection: several authors are concerned to chart aspects of Corneille's artistic evolution, and most invoke or engage with Georges Forestier's already seminal 1996 monograph."

SLATER, MAYA. "Scantily-Clad Tragedy." TLS 5005 (5 Mar 1999), 21.

Review of Declan Donnelley's production in French at-Riverside Studios of Le Cid. Providing a wealth of fresh appearances, some of which are described as illuminating while others "warp the impact of this complex play." High praise for diction and parts of the staging.

SWEETSER, MARIE-ODILE. "Héroïnes cornéliennes complexes et contrastées dans Cinna et Rodogune," in Lectures de Corneille: Cinna, Rodogune, Nicomède, ed. Daniel Riou (Rennes: Presses Universitaires, 1997), 57–74.

S. etudie comment Corneille a réussi à créer des "...créatures féminines déployant une grande variété dans leurs caractères, leurs passions, leurs sensibilités, leurs personnalités, capables de penser et agir en tant qu'individus...," dans une époque où la femme etait souvent présentée par une vision idealisée ou bien satirique.

CYRANO

ALCOVER, MADELEINE. "Le troisième manuscrit de L'autre monde de Cyrano de Bergerac." DSS 196 (1997): 597–608.

Review: A. Arrigoni in SFr 42 (1998), 567: A "very interesting and precise discussion" of a recent edition of the third manuscript of L'autre monde (edited by M. Sanke and published in 1995) which outlines some lacunae in the edition; in particular Alcover remarks that a history of the origins of the manuscript and a detailed textual analysis are needed in order to complete our understanding of the text.

FESTA, LYNN. "Empires of the Sun: Colonialism and Closure in Louis XIV's 1662 Carrousel and Cyrano's Les Estats et les Empires du Soleil." RR 89.4 (1998) 469–90.

Article compares the "Carrousel" procession which celebrated Louis XIV's colonial and absolutist power, with Cyrano's posthumously text, published in the same year (1662). F. summarizes the link between the two in the following manner, "If Louis's exploration of new worlds is materially linked to their exploitation and mastery, Dyrcona's (narrator of the Estats) quest for freedom in new worlds involves an explosion of the boundaries of the known." The basic issue the article addresses is the juxtaposition of the Old and New Worlds, and how the Old must "grapple with...the intractable plurality of the New." Within this juxtaposition, the conflict between Louis XIV and Cyrano expresses itself in "the Carrousel's frozen, centralized universe," and the "diffusively fractured and fragmented text of Cyrano's Dyrcona." Where the two come together is in their suggestion of violence as the instrument of promoting one system at the expense of another. With Louis XIV, this violence leads to a kind of "monologism" which continually celebrates itself. Cyrano's narrator, though unable to free himself from this "monologism," does present, "a vision of other worlds that proffers a brief moment in which what is lost to an absolutist order may be glimpsed."

WOLFE, KATHRYN WILLIS. "The Baroque Paradox of Cyrano de Bergerac's Pédant Joué: Exploiting a Conventionalized Form to Express an Anti-authoritarian Content." PFSCL 25 (1998), 523–530.

An appeal to further study a neglected work, a "play that is not really a play featuring a pedant who...emerges as the greatest of all due to the depth of characterization made possible by the multiple layers of paradox converging about this role."

D'AUBIGNE

BANDERIER, GILLES. "L'Advis au Roy de la Grande Bretagne: Un texte inédit d'Agrippa d'Aubigné." BHR 61.2 (1999), 509–14.

"Le manuscrit Yelverton 110 (British Library, Additional Manuscript 48101) est un in-folio sur papier, relié en vélin et folioté au XVIIe siècle. Il rassemble des copies de "'Political Tracts and Papers relating to domestic and foreign affairs' de la fin du XVIe siècle au début du XVIIe siècle. On rencontre, au f. 394ro, un texte français, l'Advis au Roy de la Grande Bretagne, escrit par Monsieur d'Aubigny à Genève . . . ."

See French 17 (1998).

LAZARD, MADELEINE. Agrippa d'Aubigné. Paris: Fayard, 1998.

Review: Frank Lestringant in BSHPF 145 (1999), 198–201: Highest praise for the writing, the documentation, coverage of contemporary views. Henceforth "ouvrage de référence," replacing Garnier (1928). Interesting reflections of the limitations imposed by any linear biographical account that of necessity privileges the memorialist over the poet. Sets some abiding enigmas in the matter of constancy of faith and provides a short list of errata.

Review: P. Sharratt in MLR 91.3 (1999), 822–23: "This book is based on a sympathetic personal reading of d'Aubigné and tells the story engagingly, striking a balance between narrative and literary criticism, and showing how d'Aubigné's life and works are woven into the history of the Wars of Religion and of the dynastic problems that coloured the end of the reign of theValois."

See French 17 (1998).

NICHOLS-PECCEU, MARTHA. "Censorship, Toleration, and Protestant Poetics: The Case of Agrippa d'Aubigné's Histoire universelle." FLS 25, 1998, 41–53.

Article deals with the 1620 arrêt which condemned d'Aubigné's text. Author states that "the story behind the arrêt...dramatizes not only the erratic nature of censorship during the religious wars, but also the potential incursion of censors into the Protestant home where literary and devotional practice commonly took place." N-P states that, "by drawing on his experience of writing under censorship, d'Aubigné created a poetics based on a Protestant relation to language and literary tradition." Among the key elements of N-P's argument are the "cultural conditions" in which the monarchy "attempted to contain Protestant worship," as well as the "linguistic strategies d'Aubigné employs," such as "obfuscation and ambiguity," which "thwart the distinctions (official/un-official, public/private) upon which censorship was dependent."

THIERRY, ANDRE, éd. Agrippa d'Aubigné. Histoire universelle. T. X. Genève: Droz, 1999.

D'AULNOY, MADAME

BIRBERICK, ANNE L. "Fatal Curiosity: D'Aulnoy's Le Serpentin vert." PFSCL 26 (1999), 282–288.

This paper was presented during the 1997 MLA Convention conference on "La curiosité au XVIIe siècle." Introduction by Martine Debaisieux. Since "mauvaise curiosité" was generally associated with the female sex (Eve, Pandora, Psyche) French "conteuses" have often attempted to fashion distinctive narratives to reconfigure the "traditional moral...associated with the myth." Birberick analyzes these differences in Le serpentin vert to show that the heroine's curiosity is no longer an "inherent natural trait" but "a desire acquired and generated through the act of reading."

DEFRANCE, ANNE. Les contes et les nouvelles de Madame d'Aulnoy (1690–1698). Geneva: Droz, 1998.

Review: Nathalie Grande in RHL 99.3 (1999), 536: According to G., D.'s work represents, "la première synthèse sur une oeuvre que de récentes réditions viennent enfin de rendre accessible à la curiosité d'un large public." D. emphasizes the relationship between Mme d'Aulnoy and the folkloric tradition, as well as the influence of mythological motifs on the Contes. The work also situates Mme d'Aulnoy within the Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes, and simultaneously explores "les fantasmes principaux à l'oeuvre," such as "la pulsion orale, la pulsion scopique, et le fantasme homosexuel."

THIRARD, MARIE-AGNES. "Le meccano des Contes de Madame d'Aulnoy." PFSCL 26 (1999), 175–193.

Inventory of the various ways in which D'Aulnoy plays with the structures of the oral tale, to reconstruct it into a written tale, thereby turning a popular genre into a literary genre.

DESCARTES

ARIEW, ROGER, JOHN COTTINGHAM, and TOM SORRELL, eds. Descartes' Meditations: Background Source Materials. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Translations from Ramus, Sanches, Clavius, Suarez, Charron, Eustacius a Sancto Paulo, Dupleix, Mersenne, Gassendi, Silhon, La Mothe le Voyer, Sorel, Morin.

AZOUVI, FRANÇOIS. "Descartes." In Realms of Memory: The Construction of the French Past, vol. 3, Symbols, ed. Pierre Nora (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998). Pp. 483–521.

Explores the future prestige in French culture.

BIARD, JOEL and ROSHDI RASHED, eds. Descartes et le Moyen Age. Paris: Vrin, 1997.

Collection of 23 essays across the disciplines. Complete listing in Isis Current Bibliography 89 (1998), no. 1482.

CORNILLE, JEAN-LOUIS. "Le Solitaire et la Minerve." PFSCL 26 (1999), 359–370.

Descarte's gesture of rejecting from his Discours the other's thought, in order to be able to gather "ces légères traces de soi," examined in conjunction with his choice of the vernacular.

COTTINGHAM, JOHN, ed. Descartes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Important collection of 14 philosophical papers with introduction by Cottingham. Complete listing in Isis Current Biblioqraphy 89 (1998), no. 1487.

DARMON, JEAN-CHARLES. "Gassendi et la rhétorique de Descartes." PFSCL 25 (1998), 401–429.

On the rhetorical dimension of the conflict between Descartes and Gassendi, who accused each other of being "rhéteurs", and Gassendi's reading of the fiction of the "malin génie" as rhetorical artifice.

DESCARTES ET SON OEUVRE AUJOURD'HUI, Liege: Mardagat 1998.

Papers by Annie Birbol-Hespériès, Jacques Bouveresse, Enrico Giusti, Olivier Hondé, Geneviève Rodis-Lewis.

GONTIER, THIERRY, De l'Homme à l'animal: Montaigne et Descartes ou les paradoxes de la philosophie moderne sur la nature des animaux. Paris: Vrin, 1998.

GUENANCIA, PIERRE. L'intelligence du sensible. Essai sur Descartes, le dualisme et la scène philosophique. Paris: Gallimard, 1998.

Review: F. De Buzon in QL 752 (1998), 14: "Le grand mérite du dernier ouvrage de P.G. est de rectifier les plus importantes erreurs liées au statut du sensible chez le fondateur du rationalisme moderne, à partir de l'examen du statut du sensible dans la philosophie de Descartes et d'ouvrir ainsi un accès original à une pensée que nul commentaire n'épuise. Deux grands moments: le premier s'attache à la perception des corps extérieurs, et le second à certaines des sensations intérieures, les passions, et plus particulièrement, à l'amour." Selon G., "Il n'y a ... pas de dualisme ... entre une connaissance sensible (et imparfaite), et une connaissance intellectuelle (et parfaite), mais au contraire une unité fondamentale de l'âme dans toutes ses opérations." G. soutient cette idée par une lecture critique de l'analyse du "morceau de cire" de la seconde Méditation métaphysique. Il "montre comment il n'y a aucune contradiction entre l'affirmation de l'innéisme de toutes les idées et la réalité de la perception d'un monde extérieur." Dans la seconde partie, G. "montre que 'la connaissance de soi n'est pas celle de l'intériorité de l'âme, ce serait plutôt celle de son pouvoir.' Envisagée ainsi, l'âme apparaît en sa totalité comme volonté, dont l'affaire est de 'savoir vouloir'." Aucun écho de la recherche cartésienne hors de France.

MENN, STEPHEN. Descartes and Augustine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Review: E. Moles in MLR 91.3 (1999), 825: "Stephen Menn, author of Plato on God ..., uses his considerable expertise in Greek philosophy to re-examine the crucial impact of Augustianism on Descartes's Méditations by meticulous exegesis of the Plotinian and Augustinian sources."

See French 17 (1998).

MESCHINI, FRANCO AURELIO. Indici dei Principia Philosophiae di René Descartes. Florence: Leo Olschi, 1996.

Review: J.-R. Armogathe in EP (1998), 257–8: A. commends the appearance of this and Katsuzo Murakami's (see below) new "instruments de travail lexicographique sur le corpus cartésien", but notes with regret the absence of any statistical analysis in the Japanese authors' work, commenting that the manner of presentation of the data makes formal analysis difficult.

MURAKAMI, KATSUZO , SASAKI MEGURU AND NISHIMURA TESUICHI. Concordance to Descartes' Meditationes de Prima Philosophia. Zürich/New York: Olms-Weidmann/Hildesheim, 1995.

RODIS-LEWIS, GENEVIEVE. Descartes. His Life and Thought. Trans.Janet Marie Todd. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998.

Review: Roger Ariew in Isis 90 (1999), 362–63: More than 20 years in the making, ultimately "shows great erudition and a fundamental good interpretative sense." Extensively corrects Baillet's biographical account. Accurate and fluent translation.

Review: M. A. Bertman in Choice 36.3 (1998), 534–535: Book "focuses on the character and contacts of the great 17th-century philosopher. As such, it is most interesting, full of information and a reliable guide to Descartes. What it is not is an intellectual biography ... [B]ut for those who wish to gain a view of the life and character of a great and intriguing man of the highest influence in the philosophy of his time, this is an extraordinarily good book."

Review: Stephan Gaukroger in TLS 4999 (22 Jan. 1999), 29: Reviewer gives a brief tribute to the pioneering work on the passions as a naturalistic account of affective states and reference to the TLS review of the French version (21 June 1996).

RODIS-LEWIS, GENEVIÈVE. Descartes. Biographie. Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1995.

Review: Jean Bernhardt in RdS 119.2/3 (1998), 378–380: La source principale est l'abbé Baillet, auteur d'une Vie de M. Descartes en 2 vol.(1691) ainsi que d'un Abrégé sur le même sujet (1692). Généralement bien documenté. En ce qui concerne les éditions modernes du philosophe, il note la grande édition Adam-Tannery, mais il ne cite pas l'éditeur de "La Pléaide" (André Bridoux).

ROZENOND, MARLEEN. Descartes's Dualism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998.

Review: Stephen Gaukroger in TLS 4999 (22 Jan. 1999), 29: Tries to explicate D.'s account of perception and union of mind and body in terms of his quasi-scholastic metaphysics, crucially of the notion of substance, essence, made to fill out his conception of mind. Reviewer disagrees on approach and asks for added awareness for different approaches "that do not hinge on metaphysical issues at all."

SANHUEZA, GABRIEL, La pensée biologique de Descartes dans ses rapports avec la philosophie scholastique: le cas Gomez-Péreira. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1997.

SOUAL, PHILIPPE. "Res cogitans et res extensa dans les Méditations métaphysiques et physiques chez Descartes." RMM (Apr-June 1999), 231–60.

Demonstration that the "self-asserting ego implies the consideration of the 'nothing exists' hypothesis." Asks for a distinction between the order of hypothesis (supposito) and that of truth (positio).

SUTTON, JOHN. Philosophy and Memory Traces: Descartes to Connectionism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Review: Neil Mansion in TLS 5001 (5 Feb. 1999), 28: Finds the "animal spirits" of D.'s De 1'homme (via David Hartley) among the models of brain activity and mental processing vibration that can be viewed as formal ancestors of contemporary parallel-distributed processing models of cognition and memory (as opposed to the static archive model).

DUPUY, CHRISTOPHE

WOLFE, KATHRYN WILLIS, and PHILIP J WOLFE, eds. Humanisme et politique. Lettres romaines de Christophe Dupuy à ses frères (1646–1649). PFSCL/Biblio 17, 103 (1997).

Review: Pierre Ronzeaud in RHL 99.1 (1999), 124: This project represents the continuation of the Wolfes' 1988 work where they published 46 of Dupuy's letters. Prior of the Ordre des Chartreux in Rome, Dupuy recounts the conflict experienced in Franco-Vatican relations after the election of Innocent X. According to R., this study is also important in terms of the historical, cultural, and political perspective it gives on Mazarin's use of power and his response to the Fronde. Of note also are the extensive bibliography and index nominum.

D'URFE

HEMBREE, JAMES. Subjectivity and the Signs of Love: Discourse, Desire and the Emergence of Modernity in Honoré d'Urfé's L'Astrée. New York: Peter Lang, 1997.

Review: Nathalie Grande in RHL 99.1 (1999), 122: Reviewer gives a summary of Hembree's work, stating initially that H. seeks to show how d'Urfé contributed to "une nouvelle conception de l'individu et de l'ordre social au début de l'ère moderne." D'Urfé's novel becomes "une quête de sens" which creates new forms of subjectivity and self-representation. Outlining a dialectic based on the tension between idealism and experience, H. relies on Montaigne and Descartes to provide the philosophical background for his argument. Questions of experience are applied to each of the main characters in the novel, with Céladon's liberation from the "caverne de la Mémoire" arising from a "rectification" of signs that lead simultaneously to "l'exercice spirituel et le voyeurisme érotique."

HENEIN, EGLAL. Protée romancier. Les déguisements dans L'Astrée d'Honoré d'Urfé. Fasano/Paris: Schena/Nizet, 1996.

Review: Jean Serroy in PFSCL 25 (1998), 615–616: "...la minutieuse approche d'Eglal Henein ... éclaire de façon minutieuse ... tout le réseau thématique, métaphorique, stylistique même du roman...".

MEDING, TWYLA. "Adamas, Alexis, and the Fashioning of the Androgyne in L'Astrée." PFSCL 25 (1998), 571–580.

Meding shows how Adamas' aesthetic principles regarding the theatrum mundi guide him in creating Celadon's feminine identity, Alexis, creation which ends in failure since "Celadon becomes forever lost in representation" and "androgynous representation seems to signal the passing of the pastoral."

FENELON

LE BRUN, JACQUES and IRENE NOYE, eds. Correspondence. Vols. XVI, XVII. Geneva: Droz, 1999.

LEDUC-FAYETTE, DENISE. Fénelon et l'amour de Dieu. Paris: PUF, 1996.

Review: Denis Thouard in RMM (Apr-June 1999), 270–71: Well informed and thoughtful presentation of Fénelon's systematizing of "pur amour" with an historical contextualization going from Molinos to the quietism quarrel. Effort is to show the equal claims of the subjective ("amour") and the theocentric. Anti-eudemonism is minimized; parallel with St. Thoman is made.

LEDUC-FAYETTE, DENISE, ed. Fénelon, philosophie et spiritualité. Geneva: Droz, 1996.

Review: Denis Thouard in RMM (Apr-June 1999), 270–71: Sorbonne conference papers (1994) in alphabetical arrangement. Studies of Ramsay (Bruno Neveu), Mme Guyon (J.-F. Marquet), Télémaque (J. Le Brun, A. Lanavère), four studies on different aspects of spirituality, the opposition Leibniz-Fénelon, on problems of dating and manuscripts by Père Noye. Together, ample evidence of the tension, within Fénelon philosopher and spiritual leader that may continue to prompt questions.

MOREL, RENÉE. "Sight Unseen: Fénelon and the Myth of Invisibility." NFS 37.2 (1998), 1–11.

A study of the opposing themes of invisibility and spectacularity in Fénelon's Fables et opuscules pédagogiques. Morel shows how Fénelon exploits the motif of the magic ring of invisibility to convey important psychological and political lessons to the young duc de Bourgogne, while suggesting the same motif reflects something of the essential ambiguity of Fénelon's character: "the opposite connotations of obscurity and spectacularity, both contained in the topos of the invisible, mirror the complex personality of this tormented man, torn between ambition and saintliness."

PEROTTI, GABRIELE. Il tempo e l1amore. Metafisice e spiritualità in Fénelon. Naples: Bibliopolis, 1994.

Review: Denis Thouard in RMM (Apr.-June 1999)o 269–70: Part I formulates the metaphysical position: conceptions of God, self, relationship of intellect/will and existence/ possibility; II, the practical response of the doctrine of "pur amour," speculatively as concentration on present time. Original thesis is that F. thinks contingency, whereas contemporary metaphysicians tend to reduce it away. "Etant dans un état de complète dépendance, le sujet, qui n'est même pas en même de s'assurer de soi, ne s'éprouvera que dans un écoulement continuel. Il ne peut échapper à l'angoisse de devenir qu'en acceptant radicalement par avance son caractère d'événement." Important study that puts Fénelon as a philosopher in dialogue with Descartes and Augustine, Malebranche and Leibniz, also for his "réticences" vis-a-vis Mme Guyon.

FONTENELLE

MARCHAL, ROGER. Fontenelle à l'aube des Lumières. Paris: Champion, 1997.

Review: Alain Niderst in RHL 99.3 (1999) 540–41: Though Niderst does challenge some of M.'s claims concerning the dates certain of Fontenelle's texts were written, N. states that M.'s work "constitue une bonne, parfois une stimulante introduction à la lecture de Fontenelle." M.'s research incorporates that of Niderst and Jean Dagen, and deals with Fontenelle's literary contributions, his critical and philosophical essays, as well as his scientific contributions.

Review: D.C. Potts in FS 52.3 (1998), 343: "Marchal's book is the only available medium length study of Fontenelle's oeuvre and, despite possessing no index and only a brief bibliography, will be a useful companion, especially for newcomers to the field, since it does not reduce the author's significance to his role in the crise de la conscience européenne, but includes his poetry, prose fiction and drama, and covers the whole of an active career which lasted into the 1750s. . . . Marchal's method is traditional, focusing on context and ideas rather than their literary mise en forme, and he often reduces contextual references to mere points on an established literary-historical map."

FRANÇOIS DE SALES

LEGROS, PHILIPPE. "Approche iconologique de l'oraison dédicatoire du 'Traité de l'amour de Dieu' de François de Sales." DSS 196 (1997), 479–93.

Review: A. Arrigoni in SFr 42 (1998), 561–2: Legros's "detailed analysis" of the iconographical aspects of the "oraison dédicatoire" sets forth as a goal to underline certain stylistic aspects of Salesian writing, and in particular the evocative imagery that resembles a process of visualization, in which the movement of "le regard" and the sources of light are exploited so that text seems to become painting.

MELLINGHOFF-BOURGERIE, VIVIANE. François de Sales (1567–1622). Un homme de lettres spirituelles. Genève: Droz, 1999.

Livre très intéressant qui, par l'examen de la correspondance, nous permet d'arriver à mieux comprendre les livres de l'écrivain. Contient aussi un "Registre des lettres autographes" de l'écrivain. Bonne bibliographie.

FURETIERE

FURETIERE, ANTOINE. Dictionnaire universel. Paris: Editions Zulma, 1998.

Review: C. Arnaud in Le Point 1362 (1998), 122–123. "[L]es éditions Zulma se distinguent en publiant un florilège extrait du Dictionnaire universel, de Furetière (1690). Le charme suranné de l'ouvrage ne doit pas faire oublier que son auteur fut chassé de l'Académie française pour subversion." Brief history of Furetière and his dictionary; article suitable for undergraduates.

GOURNAY, MARIE DE

BEAULIEU, JEAN-PHILIPPE et HANNAH FOUNIER, eds Les Advis, ou les Presens de la Demoiselle de Gournay (1641). Volume 1. Amsterdam/Atlanta: Rodopi, 1997.

Review: Jean Vignes in RHL 99.2 (1999), 302: Volume is the first in a set of three whose goal is to present the Advis "sous sa forme définitive." Describing the work's contents, V. emphasizes that the essays of Montaigne's "fille d'alliance" have much in common with those of the original Essais. Among the themes mentioned are pedagogy, politics, morality, and religion. Reviewer finds that the introduction and bibliography are especially useful, but that the volume lacks both references to variants and systematic research into Gournay's sources.

VENESOEN, CONSTANT, ed. Textes relatifs à la calomnie. PFSCL/Biblio 17, 113 (1998).

Edition of texts about "calomnie" by Marie de Gournay, such as L'Adieu de l'ame du Roy de France, Avec la Defence des Peres Jesuistes (1610), De la Mesdisance et qu'elle est principale cause des Duels, and Considération sur quelques contes de Cour, together with an anonymous anti-Gournay, titled Le Remerciment des Beurrieres de Paris, from 1610, inspired by the events surrounding the assassination of Henri IV.

GUYON

BRUNEAU, MARIE-FLORINE. Women Mystics Confront the Modern World: Marie de l'Incarnation (1599–1672) and Madame Guyon (1648–1717). Albany: State University of New York, 1998.

Review: M. Lichtmann in Choice 36.3 (1998), 535: "B. ... enters into a dialogue with American feminist scholars by introducing the French scholar of mysticism Michel de Certeau. De Certeau traces the progressive decline of mysticism from the 13th century, when it appeared as a response to the decline of God as the unique object of knowledge, to the 17th century, when an epistemological shift represented by the scientific revolution hastened its decline. Although few American scholars would accept this etiology, B.'s study ... offers a valuable new feminist perspective. B.'s emphasis is on the female mystics' limited attempts to resist being defined by modern patriarchal institutions."

HUET

POULOUIN, CLAUDE, ed. Huet, nouveaux mémoires pour servir à l'histoire du cartésianisme. Rèze: Séquences, 1996.

JACQUES, JACQUES

COSTA, CLAUDINE, ed. "Jacques Jacques, Le Faut Mourir et les excuses inutiles qu'on apporte à cette nécessité. Le tout en vers burlesques." Paris: Champion, 1998.

Review: Raymond Baustert in PFSCL 26 (1999), 210–213: "...le travail de Claudine Costa comble les historiens à tous les niveaux."

JURIEU

NEGRONI, BARBARA DE, ed. Jurieu, Des Droits des deux Souverains en matière de Religion. Le Philosophe de Rotterdam. Paris: Fayard, 1997.

Review: Elisabeth Labrousse in BSHPF 145 (1999), 212–13: The first work is an answer to Bayle's Commentaire philosophique; the second, published at the time of Bayle's death is Jurieu's "meilleure attaque à l'encontre de Bayle."

LA BRUYÈRE

ESCOLA, MARC. Bibliographie des écrivains français: Jean de La Bruyère. Paris: Memini, 1996.

Review: L. Benatti in SFr 42 (1998), 572–3: The latest volume in a collection of bibliographical essays that offer the reader "une vision synoptique toujours actualisé de l'objet bibliographique, tout en élargissant, grâce notamment à l'introduction d'un index thématique par mots clés, les frontières des études comparées." B. notes that although there are no descriptive notes, the subdivisions within the bibliography highlight certain aspects of La Bruyère studies that bear further investigation.

ROUKHOMOSKY, BERNARD. L'esthétique de La Bruyère. Paris: SEDES, 1997.

Review: L. Benatti in SFr 42 (1998), 573: The most recent volume in a series of esthetic studies of French authors, carried out in this case with "great scientific rigor."

Review: Marc Escola in RHL 99.1 (1999), 126–27: Favorable review which first defines the notion of an esthétique as "l'ensemble des principes qui régissent l'invention et la composition [d'une] oeuvre." With respect to La Bruyère, the sense of the aesthetic is divided into chapters on rhetoric (with emphasis on the model of the entretien), the burlesque, and the theatrical. To a significant degree, the "theatricality" of La Bruyère's work is characterized by "deux types moliéresques: Timon, ou le misanthrope, [et] Onurphe ou le vrai caractère du faux dévot." Despite the book's failure to deal with "la leçon théophrastienne," E. views the work as "une solide introduction à la pratique de La Bruyère, une voie d'accès originale au monde des Caractères."

Review: Philippe Hourcade in IL 51.2 (1999), 63: Reviewer favorably receives the book, and admires R's contention that La Bruyère's aesthetic sensibility resides not in the more traditional "esthétique du salon," but in a "style cruel" which refutes the "politesse du salon." For R., La Bruyère's aesthetic "tend à focaliser l'attention sur les contrastes, le bizarre, le grotesque: il se campe dans une atmosphère de carnaval et de foire pour...montrer une humanité déshumanisée." Other elements of La Bruyère's sense of the aesthetic emphasize the visual and the comic. The work closes with an anthology which mainly consists of chapters from Les Caractères, but includes some peripheral texts as well. For H., the "boldness" of this book comes in its ability to offer "le portrait d'un La Bruyère hors norme, ou plutôt paradoxal et un brin schizophrène." In light of R.'s approach, H. suggests that future research link itself to La Bruyère and Saint-Simon, as well as the Condés who, in their own way, "cultiv[e]nt avec joie le bizarre et le mauvais goût."

VAN DELFT, LOUIS. La Bruyère ou du Spectateur. PFSCL/Biblio 17, 96 (1996).

Review: E Moles in MLR 94.1 (1999), 200: "Louis Van Delft's urbane essay on La Bruyère, the spectator 'au balcon pour tout voir', places him unapologetically within the Graeco-Christian moralizing tradition, admirably reflected in the wit and wisdom of Theophrastus and Montaigne, reminding us that in this century of Calderón's Grand théâtre du monde, 'Le Spectateur par excellence est Dieu' . . . ."

See French 17 (1998).

VAN DELFT, LOUIS, ed. Les Caractères. Paris: Imprimerie nationale Editions, 1998.

Review: Bernard Chédozeau in IL 51.2 (1999), 62–63: Quite favorable review in which Van Delft, according to C., seeks to underscore "la consanguinité entre Les Caractères et l'art du théâtre." This edition builds on Van Delft's earlier work, but the originality of the volume lies in its "principes d'édition" which, according to Van Delft, "place[nt] le lecteur d'aujourd'hui, autant que faire se peut, dans la situation des premiers lecteurs." A complement to Emmanuel Bury's 1995 Livre de poche edition, Van Delft's work uses as its texte de base the ninth edition of La Bruyère's text. Among the mechanical considerations discussed are white spaces, capitalization, and punctuation. C. cites Van Delft's overall conclusion about the Caractères as a work "...[qui] tient organiquement d'un texte de théâtre, d'une partition." Of note also are the Commentaires Van Delft adds at the end of the text, which deal with some of the major themes evoked in the Caractères. In general, C. commends Van Delft for "...[un] travail original, solide, et élégant [qui] renouvelle la lecture d'une oeuvre majeure."

Review: Bérengère Parmentier in DSS 202 (1999), 199–201: "L'édition elle-même se démarque des ouvrages déjà disponibles par la fermeté de son projet éditorial. La reproduction fidèle de la présentation du texte original (dans le dernier état revu par l'auteur) ne vaut pas seulement par sa rigueur érudite. Elle témoigne d'un enrichissement réciproque de l'étude critique et de la pratique éditoriale." Van Delft restores the original punctuation as well as the original appearance of the remarques. Reviewer concludes "la modernisation de l'orthographe, l'allégement de l'annotation savante au profit du commentaire en rendent la lecture agréable et plaisante."

LAFAYETTE

CAMPBELL, JOHN. Questions of Interpretation in La princesse de Clèves. Amsterdam-Atlanta: Rodopi, 1996.

Review: L. Benatti in SFr 42 (1998), 134–5: B. compares this study to the similar one by A. Green and concludes that Campbell's is the superior, both from the standpoint of the organization of the material and from that of the exposition of ideas. The risk of generalizing too much (typical of Green) is avoided by Campbell thanks to his decision to focus on a single work. Campbell describes and compares different readings of the "nouvelle" with the goal of reevaluating the work (a goal that succeeds).

DENIS, FRANÇOISE. "La Princesse de Clèves: Lafayette et Cocteau, deux versions." FR 72 (1999), 285–96.

Argues that the idealizing film scenario tends, by fantomatic masculine treatment of the woman's powers, to reduce the complex socio-political signification of the narrative. Outlines the pedagogical value of such a comparison.

GEVREY, FRANÇOISE. L'esthétique de Madame de Lafayette. Paris: SEDES, 1997.

Review: L. Benatti in SFr 42 (1998), 134: Dedicated to the aesthetic aspects of La princesse de Clèves, this essay analyzes the characteristics of the "nouvelle" as the quest for a style which is adequate to perfectly depict the esprit of a society and of a century.

GREEN, ANNE. Privileged Anonymity. The Writings of Madame de Lafayette. Oxford: Legenda, 1996.

Review: L. Benatti in SFr 42 (1998), 135: A "highly readable" essay which is aimed at university students. Proposes a reading of the corpus based on the ambiguities that the lexical choices of the author seem to reveal. Green points out the conflictual position of Mme de Lafayette (who is aware of her status as a woman and as an intellectual) and emphasizes a "deep division that exists between the needs of the writer and the reality of a code of values that negates these needs and forces the writer to choose strategies of expression that are characterized by reticence and mystification." B. concludes that this study doesn't go beyond the limits of an academic exercise, and adds little new to the rich critical corpus on Mme de Lafayette.

PAULSON, MICHAEL G. Facets of a Princess: Multiple Readings of Madame de Lafayette's La Princesse de Clèves. Washington/Bern/Paris: Peter Lang, 1998.

Review: John Campbell in FS 53.2 (1999), 204–205: This collection of P.'s unpublished conference papers contains items on the role of women, voyeurism, the Valois court, religion, history, morality, society, as well as two pieces comparing La Princesse de Clèves with Andromaque and George Sand's Valentine. It would have benefited from more attentive editing which might have picked up some apparent contradictions. Reviewer concludes that "it would be unfair, however, to expect new insights or sustained analysis from what remains an artificial collation of occasional pieces."

Review: Nathalie Grande in RHL 99.3 (1999) 535–36: Rather than develop a study that seeks a "synthetic" interpretation of La Princesse de Clèves, the author presents varied analyses which address the various "facets" of the work. Among the issues covered are "le moi féminin, la question du voyeurisme, la place de la religion, [et] le traitement de l'histoire chez Mme de la Fayette."

SUNG, KIM. Les récits dans La Princesse de Clèves: Tentative d'analyse structurale. Saint-Genouph: Nizet, 1997.

Review: Nathalie Grande in RHL 99.1 (1999), 124–25: The focus of the book is La Fayette's "digressions," or "histoires intercalées." According to G., Sung "s'attache à analyser l'ensemble des récits et des discours qui composent la structure si particulière de ce roman qui nie le romanesque." Of special interest to G. is the author's depiction of La Fayette's "analyse des événements." She states, "l'analyse, au lieu de suivre les événements pour les expliquer, est constituée par les événements qui la suivent et en assurent la cohérence." Sung's conclusion deals with how La Fayette disrupts the traditional complicity between author and reader by thwarting the reader's desire to see the "two heroes" together at novel's end.

TRZEBIATOWSKI, PEGGY. "The Hunt is on: the Duc de Nemours, Aggression, and Rejection." PFSCL 25 (1998), 581–593.

An analysis of Nemour's characterization in La Princesse de Clèves as a hunter adopting a strategic approach to love (love is war metaphor) and reciprocally of his female quarry's response to his game ("women are not the prize," and as an "opponent", she may prove to have no interest in the playing of the game).

LA FONTAINE

ALBANESE, RALPH JR. "Le discours scolaire au dix-neuvième siècle: le cas La Fontaine." FR 72 (1999), 824–39.

Charts precisely how the Republican ideology emblematized the text culturally as the embodiment of wisdom and normalcy that could serve for the proper formation of youth.

ANTON, DENIS et DENIS LEJAY, eds. Fables. Livres VII à XII. Paris: Nathan, 1997.

Review: Ludivine Goupillaud in IL 51.1 (1999), 58–61: According to reviewer, the need for this edition came from the reform, several years ago, of the French épreuve for the baccalauréat. G. outlines the goals of the edition, i.e., to establish a close link between the text and commentary, and to propose a "rich and varied" set of exercises to accompany La Fontaine's work. Unfortunately, states G., the edition fails to achieve its aims. Despite an interesting introduction, and a valuable discussion of La Fontaine's source material, the edition often presents more problems than it solves by employing a rather pedantic methodology and vocabulary given its lycéen public. In addition, much of the edition's critical apparatus is unnecessarily "elliptical and abstract," as the link between fables frequently consists of vague cross-references. Nonetheless, the edition in commended for its crisp layout and vivid incorporation of imagery.

BABY, HELENE. "Du sens et du sensible à 1'âge classique: Psyché entre les mots et les choses dans les Amours de Psyché et Cupidon de La Fontaine." SCFS 20 (1998), 139–51,

Finely constructed and persuasively argued case for the retelling of the "fable" become myth as a cautionary enactment of a needed apprenticeship in reading, speaking, and laughter on Psyché's part, which would become the "lecture savante" proposed in the Préface.

BÉGUELIN, MARIE-JOSÉ. "L'usage des syntagmes nominaux démonstratifs dans les Fables de La Fontaine." LFr 120 (1998), 95–109.

This study highlights a set of writing habits related to the use of demonstrative noun phrases in La Fontaine's poetry and tries to account for their major stylistic effects.

BIRBERICK, ANNE L. Reading Undercover. Audience and Authority in Jean de La Fontaine. Lewisburg, PA/London: Bucknell University Press, 1998.

Focusing on the Fables and the Contes, B. shows how La Fontaine is both subversive and yet part of the conventional system of the day.

BURY, EMMANUEL. L'esthétique de La Fontaine. Paris: SEDES, 1996.

Review: Roseann Runte in FR 72 (1999), 750–51: The readership for the anthology included in the series format of this volume is not clear. The 120pp. of introduction welcomely includes all of the major writing across genres. Publishing history, humanistic bent, generic overviews cover an amazing amount. For the specialist, texts are combined in a fresh way; for the beginner, a good intro.

See French 17 (1997).

DUCHÊNE, ROGER. Bonjour ... Jean de la Fontaine. Marseille: Editions Autres Temps, 1998.

Review: Maya Slater in PFSCL 26 (1999), 216: "Ce petit livre permet au lecteur d'entrevoir toute la portée de l'oeuvre lafontainienne — à nous d'en approfondir l'étude."

FUMAROLI, MARC. Le poète et le roi. Jean de la Fontaine en son siècle. Paris: Livre de poche, 1998.

Review: E. Pieiller in QL 759 (1999), 26: "Cet essai est, sourdement, bouleversant. C'est inattendu. D'abord, parce qu'on ne partage pas toujours les choix de M. Fumaroli. Ensuite, parce que La Fontaine ne suscite pas d'emblée la ferveur.... Or, merveille, on découvre une réflexion, érudite et flâneuse, qui se dédie à éclairer ce qui, dans le lyrisme, à partie liée avec la liberté, la liberté de se reconnaître mortel parmi d'autres mortels, et d'en jouir, et d'en pleurer. Ce que F. analyse ici, ce sont les enjeux spirituels d'une époque à la faveur de la 'crise Fouquet,' qui signe, en 1661, le triomphe de l'absolutisme, et l'apparition de cette 'faille moderne' que représente désormais en chacun l'apparition d'un 'for intérieur' dissocié de la vie commune du royaume.... Se met alors en place la monotonie de la 'machine à gloire,' la littérature devient le lieu du refus de la 'pensée captive,' le domaine où pourra se maintenir, dans l'ironie, le libertinage oblique, le jeu des codes contrariés, l'aspiration à l'art d'exister, souverainement, dans le secret des inquiétudes surmontées. La Fontaine, doué de la double grâce d'avoir 'son centre en lui-même,' et d'être merveilleusement en retard sur son époque, apparaît alors, au plus loin du 'bonhomme' de la caricature, comme le dernier poète de la Renaissance, et le premier de nos temps ... modernes."

Review: Marie-Odile Sweetser in PFSCL 25 (1998), 604–607: According to the reviewer, the readers will find in Fumaroli's book "un autre siècle de Louis XIV, grand sinon par le roi, du moins par les écrivains qui ont su garder leur indépendance dans une 'République des Lettres' échappant, dans la mesure du possible, à l'Etat culturel."

GALLARDO, JEAN-LUC. Le spectacle de la parole. La Fontaine: Adonis, Le songe de Vaux, Les amours de Psyché et de Cupidon. Orléans: Paradigme, 1996.

Review: L. Benatti in SFr 42 (1998), 132: The essay is divided into 3 long sections, each devoted to one of the three plays. Although B. sees moments of critical originality in the last section (a discussion of the role of Psyché as metaphor of the representation of the soul), she concludes that the work is not particularly innovative in the realm of La Fontaine studies.

GRIMM, JURGEN. "Le dire sans le dire." Etudes lafontainiennes II. PFSCL/Biblio 17, 93 (1996).

Review: Hermann Linder in ZFSL 109 (1999), 183–86: Detailed résumé of contents and appraisals of their contributions to the "état présent" of studies on La Fontaine.

GRISÉ, CATHERINE M. Cognitive Space and Patterns of Deceit in La Fontaine's Contes. Charlottesville: Rookwood Press, 1998.

Review: Anne L. Birberick in PFSCL 26 (1999), 474–475: "...a substantial contribution not only to La Fontaine studies but also to the genre of the "conte en vers."

LANDRY, JEAN-PIERRE, ed. Présence de La Fontaine. Actes de la Journée La Fontaine (21 octobre, 1995). Lyon: U. Jean Moulin, C.E. D.I.C., 1996.

Review: J.-P. Collinet in SFr 42 (1998), 569: A collection of nine papers given at the Université de Lyon in 1995. C. notes the variety of approaches to La Fontaine, some purely traditional, others "audacieusement novatrices" and lists among the subjects of discussion "les discours pluriels sur la féminité", "la retraite", and "le rêve" (La Fontaine as a precursor of surrealism).

MEERHOFF, KEES and PAUL J. SMITH, eds. Fabuleux La Fontaine. Atlanta: Rodopoi, 1996.

Review: Roseann Runte in FR 72 (1999), 752–53: Collection of 12 essays gracefully arranged and handsomely presented with 12 illustrations: Paul Pelckman on death; Maya Slater on "dieu/dieux"; J.-P. Collinet on Chimera (as illusion); Dan Russell and Lawrence Grove on the transition from Carrouzet; S. Houppermans, a close reading of the conte "Les Lunettes"; Paul Smith on linkages with Commire and Ogilbey; Gabrielle Parussa on Pierre de Saint Glas's continuation; Kees Meerhoff on the l8th-century reception.

See French 17 (1998).

LA MOTHE LE VAYER

MCBRIDE, ROBERT, ed. La Mothe Le Vayer. Lettre sur la comédie de l'Imposteur. Durham: Durham UP, 1994.

Review: L. Benatti in SFr 42 (1998), 136: A new critical edition of the text which was first published anonymously in 1667. It is an important text, because it contains one of the main keys to understanding Le Tartuffe. The edition includes a "rich" introduction, and notes which are "remarkable for the philological rigor and extreme accuracy of McBride's work." Two appendices outline the differences between L'Imposteur and Le Tartuffe, and offer a portrait of La Mothe Le Vayer.

LAMY, GUILLAUME

BELGRADO, ANNA MINERBI, ed. Discours anatomiques: Explication méchanique et physique des fonctions de l'âme sensitive. Paris: Voltaire Foundation, 1996.

Review: Ann Thomson in FS 53.2 (1999), 205–206: This volume, which provides the text of the first edition of two medical books by Lamy, aims to show the importance of his works for the history of free thought. The notes provide the sources for a certain number of developments, points out parallels with other works and attempt to situate Lamy's position in relation to contemporary philosophical debates. The whole provides the modern reader with a clear understanding of the implications of Lamy's works as well as makes them available to a wider public.

LARIVEY

BELLENGER, YVONNE, éd. Pierre de Larivey (1541–1619). Champenois, chanoine, traducteur, auteur de comédies et astrologue. Actes des sixièmes Journées rémoises et troyennes—25–27 janvier 1991—organisées par le Centre de la Recherche sur la littérature du Moyen-Age et de la Renaissance de l'Université de Reims. Paris: Klincksieck, 1993.

Review: J.-C. Margolin in RBPH 76.2 (1998), 597: "Ensemble varié, érudit, intelligent, qui apporte des lumières non seulement sur le Champenois et son oeuvre, mais sur les rapports culturels de la France et de l'Italie."

See French 17 (1996, 95).

LA ROCHEFOUCAULD

CAMPION, PIERRE. Lectures de La Rochefoucauld. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 1998.

Review: Philippe Hourcade in IL 51.2 (1999), 61–62: Favorable review of a work which H. describes as "tournée vers la philologie, l'herméneutique, et la philosophie." H. devotes quite a bit of space to breaking down the book into its chief components, of which the first half constitutes an analysis of the Maximes, while the second is composed of an "anthologie de textes de référence." Among the questions asked and answered are those surrounding 1) order and coherence in the Maximes, 2) the poetics of the maxim, 3) the religious, political, and aristocratic subtexts of the work, and 4) La Rochefoucauld's "anthropologie," which is at once "positive, critique, et philosophique." Reviewer is impressed by Campion's conclusion that La Rochefoucauld manages to overcome the "pessimisme noir" of the work's tone by creating an image of the "honnête homme" whose primary traits are "les valeurs d'adaptabilité, de prudence, et de calcul."

CULPIN, D. J., ed. La Rochefoucauld. Maximes. London: Grant and Cutler, 1995.

Review: L. Benatti in SFr 42 (1998), 132: Edited with a didactic goal in mind, this short essay by Culpin is dedicated to a presentation by theme of the Maximes. B. concludes that it does not particularly distinguish itself from the very large array of publications that try to present the Maximes in a more "popular" fashion.

HARTWICH, KAI-ULRICH. Untersuchungen zur Interdependenz von Moralistik un höfischer Gesellschaft am Beispiel La Rochefoucaulds. [Recherches sur les relations entre littérature morale et société de cour. L'exemple de La Rochefoucauld.] Bonn: Romantischer Verlag, 1997.

Review: Marc Escola in RHL 99.1 (1999) 127–28: Book deals with the concept of "la moralistique," which is defined as "un phénomène historique lié à la société de cour, et plus exactement à ce moment de transition qui voit une 'structure fonctionnelle' complexe succéder à une organisation 'par strates'." H.'s approach is interdisciplinary, as he combines literary criticism, historical inquiry, and psycho-analysis. Apropos, E. notes a chapter where H. "s'intéresse aux rapports—et aux différences—que la pensée de La Rochefoucauld entretien avec Freud." In this regard, the criticism E. levels at H. concerns the author's failure to cite at length the Mémoires, a text that could have shed light on 1) the psycho-social element of La Rochefoucauld's work, and 2) the public(s) for whom the work was destined. Nonetheless, the issue of audience is taken up to a certain extent in the fifth chapter which centers on "le concept original de 'remoralisation'-concept qui rend compte de l'entreprise éthique tout autant que du programme esthétique du recueil de La Rochefoucauld et de la 'structure conversationnelle' de la maxime.

HODGSON, RICHARD. Falsehood Disguised. Unmasking the Truth in La Rochefoucauld. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press, 1995.

Review: Werner Helmich in ZFSL 109 (1998), 284–87: Although "frighteningly ambitious," a well written and carefully organized book that is a useful research guide to the present state of academic research. Finds occasional signs of an uncritical use of the authority of secondary literature; some reductiveness in tracing LR through the readers Lautréamont, Nietzsche, Lacan, as well as in establishing a hypothetical "baroque discourse." Objects to characterization of the epigram as a fixed form.

See French 17 (1998, 1997).

LE MOYNE

BANDERIER, GILLES. "Du Saint Louis à la Louisiade: note sur la réception du P. Le Moyne au XVIIIe siècle." PFSCL 25 (1998), 595–599.

Bauderier has discovered an anonymous "remaniement" of Le Moyne's Saint Louis, titled La Louisiade, which permits a better assessment of the reception of the Saint Louis in that century.

LULLY

HERNANDEZ, BRIGITTE. Performance review of Lully's Phaëton. Le Point 1400 (1999), 94.

"L'audacieuse Karine Saporta" presents a choreographed version of L.'s Phaëton in the Jardins du Palais-Royal, July 1999.

PORTER, ANDREW. "A Natural Revelation." TLS 4985 (6 Nov. 1998), 31.

Review of the Barbican Center's presentation of Lully's Thésée in William Christie's production. Superb singing and conducting but less enthusiastic on Pinon's understated setting and direction that "avoided grandeur of demeanour and gesture."

TUBEUF, A. Performance review of a concert at the Granges de Port-Royal, May 1–2, 1999. Le Point 1389 (1999), 129:

"Niquet au clavecin et dirigeant son Concert spirituel offre la rare 'Idylle sur la paix' et le prologue de Roland."

MAIRET

TOMLINSON, PHILIP, éd. Le Marc-Antoine ou La Cleopatre: Tragedie. Durham: University of Durham, 1997.

Review: D. Clarke in MLR 91.3 (1999), 826: Useful edition with "exemplary establishment of the text." C. finds that the "real substance of Tomlinson's introduction . . . lies in a closely argued examination of characterization and 'inventio' in Mairet's pursuit of an elusive but desirable combination of pathos and moral exemplarity. This is followed by a convincing demonstration of Mairet's ingenuity in increasing the emotional charge of his tragedy, notably by introducing the tragi-comic motif of deceit." Bibliography "serviceable" with few works from the last decade.

Review: C. Rolla in SFr 42 (1998), 563–4: R. praises the "very interesting" introduction to this critical edition which is divided into three sections: a history of the play's performances and publication; a discussion of the criteria for the "établissement du texte" (which is based on all three extant editions, but particularly the 1637 edition); and a "rich" bibliography.

MAYNARD

CAHIERS MAYNARD 19 (1998).

Review: C. Rizza in SFr 42 (1998), 562: A collection of four papers (by M.-O. Sweetser, C. Grisé, A. Manseau, W. Roberts) with a brief introductory essay (detailing the goals of the Association des amis de Maynard). R. makes special note of the concluding documentation and accompanying illustrations.

MOLIERE

BASCHERA, MARCO. Théâtre dans l'oeuvre de Molière. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 1998.

Review: L. Benatti in SFr 42 (1998), 568–9: A very "readable" study (which owes much to the earlier studies of G. Dandry) of the influence of certain theatrical forms (and in particular the commedia dell'arte) on Molière. An analysis of Molière based on the evolution of "le comique" within the plays, citing the characters as the most evident demonstration of this evolution.

BILLARD, PIERRE. Performance review of Molière's Tartuffe in Le Point 1362 (1998), 123.

Mise en scène de Jean-Pierre Vincent au théâtre des Amadiers à Nanterre, automne 1998. "Le comique s'évapore et le dramatique se dilue dans la perte de sens."

BILLARD, PIERRE. Performance review of a "Création collective" on Molière's Dom Juan by the Footsbarn Travelling Theatre, January 1999, at the Théâtre-Athénée-Louis-Jouvet. Le Point 1375 (1999), 91.

"Le miracle, c'est que Molière sort indemne de ce cirque, si belle est sa santé, si forte est sa pièce, si généreuse et cohérente la vitalité de la troupe."

BILLARD, PIERRE. Performance review of Molière's Georges Dandin, mise en scène de Catherine Hiegel at the Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier, January, 1999. Le Point 1376 (1999), 101.

"Bref, c'est Molière, mais au ralenti, à petit feu." Overall, a negative review.

BILLARD, PIERRE. Performance review of Molière's L'Avare, mise en scène de Jérôme Savary, au Théâtre national de Chaillot, printemps 1999. Le Point 1387 (1999), 142–143.

L'Avare as farce, first and foremost. Negative review.

BLOCH, OLIVIER. "Littérature, théâtre et philosophie: à propos de Molière." PFSCL 25 (1998), 451–460.

The author, who has beeen working on a book to be titled "Molière/Philosophie" or "Molière et philosophie" to be published in 1999, studies the link Molière/Cyrano, and, in the Bourgeois gentilhomme, the role of the "maître de Philosophie", as well as Molière's "philosophèmes" in Dom Juan and Amphitryon.

CALDICOTT, C.E.J. La carrière de Molière: Entre protecteurs et editeurs. Amsterdam: Rodolpi, 1998.

Review: Maya Slater in TLS 5004 (26 Feb. 1999), 4–5: Urges revaluation of Molière as a great courtier whose career should be shorn, in its reconstruction, of populist assumptions and needs to be focused on his abilities to provide divertissements for the king.

CARSON, JONATHAN. "On Molière's Debt to Scarron for Sganarelle, ou le Cocu Imaginaire." PFSCL 25 (1998), 545–554.

The author studies Molière's borrowings from Scarron's Le Jodelet duelliste (version of 1652) in terms of character traits, stage situations and discourse structures.

CHAE-KWANG, LIM. "Du texte écrit au texte joué: réception scénique comme valorisation de la logique du caractère chez Molière à travers L'Ecole des femmes." PFSCL 26 (1999), 389–404.

The author measures, through the example of L'Ecole des femmes, the radical distance and the complementary relationship existing between readerly and scenic receptions.

CLARKE, JAN. "Moliere's Double Bills." SCFS 20 (1998), 29–44.

Preliminary analyses, with charts, of Molière's doubling up of his own plays, that forms part of a larger project of synthesis of everything known about doublebilling in theatrical programming, ultimately in all possible detail the choices available to the spectator at any given moment.

DANDREY, PATRICK. La médecine et la maladie dans le théâtre de Molière. Tome 1: Sganarelle et la médecine, ou De la mélancolie érotique, Tome 2: Molière et la maladie imaginaire, ou De la mélancolie hypocondriaque. Paris: Klincksieck, 1998.

DUCHENE, ROGER. Moliere. Paris: Fayard, 1998.

Review: Maya Slater in TLS 5004 (26 Feb. 1999), 4–5: A well researched, general biography, that deals with all the documents of the life and becomes more lively in treating the career in all its aspects from 1658–59. "Sound, full, readable ... a useful re-evaluation of many assumptions."

Review: Marie-Odile Sweetser in PFSCL 26 (1999), 216–218: "Cette somme indispensable, présentée de façon claire et attrayante, deviendra l'ouvrage de référence pour les chercheurs, les spécialistes du théâtre, les fervents de Molière au XXIe siècle."

ERSKINE, ANDREW. "Good and Bad Scepticism in Amphitryon and Le Mariage forcé." SCFS 20 (1998), 17–27.

Nicely and convincingly sets the crucial comic difference between Sosie's pure doubt that develops logically from a Charronian context (explicitly Christian) for dealing with new information and Marphurius's departure from it in an attitude of literal faith in the impossibility of knowledge.

FINN, THOMAS P. "Manipulating Identity Across the Pyrenees." FR 73 (1999), 60–70.

Analysis of La Princesse d'Elide in relation to Moreto's El Desdén con el desdén (1654) suggests that Molière learned from Spain a lesson in identity construction. Convincingly argues that the individual and its need for certification by the collectivity in "Molière's less definitive conclusion is a compromise that is not always within reach."

FLECK, STEPHEN H. Music, Dance, and Laughter: Comic Creation in Molière's Comedy-Ballets. PFSCL/Biblio 17, 88 (1995).

Review: S. Bamforth in MLR 94.1 (1999), 199–200: "The major difference between Fleck and his predecessors is that this is a study the emphasis of which is as much musical as literary, and in which musical examples are as abundant as textual citation. Fleck's book presupposes a musically literate reader, but even the non-musician may appreciate that the integration between music, song, and dance in terms of its contribution to the dramatic action is here analysed with a degree of thoroughness that has not previously been attempted."

See French 17 (1996, 95).

GAINES, JAMES F. "Dandin on the Big Screen of History." PFSCL 26 (1999), 309–317.

Communication delivered during the 1998 MLA convention conference on "The Seventeenth-Century in the Media: Cinema, Television, World Wide Web, CD-ROM." Examination of Roger Planchon's film relationship to Molière's play. Gaines asserts that Planchon has recontextualized the play "in such a way that it heralds the metamorphosis of society on both the collective and the individual scale."

GAINES, JAMES F. and MICHAEL S. KOPPISCH, eds. Approaches to Teaching Molière's Tartuffe and Other Plays. New York: Modern Language Association, 1996.

Interesting and helpful studies.

GATES, ANITA. "After Three Centuries, A Comedy Remains Up to the Minute." NYT (19 Nov. 1998), B5.

Excellent review of Devid Schecter's ebullient direction of L'Avare at the Pearl Theatre. "Shows off all the comedy's best features."

HERNANDEZ, BRIGITTE. Performance review of Molière's Les Précieuses Ridicules in Le Point 1398 (1999), 110.

Mise en scène de Jérôme Deschamps. Théâtre de l'Odéon. Été 1999. "Molière ... l'emporte et avec panache: les comédiens le saluent et lui rendent grâce."

HERNANDEZ, BRIGITTE. Performance review of Molière's Le Misanthrope, mise en scène de Jacques Lassalle à la MC93 à Bobigny, mars 1999. Le Point 1381 (1999), 109.

Review negative overall: Alceste is too campy, Célimène too lightly false.

HERNANDEZ, BRIGITTE. Performance review of Molière's Tartuffe, mise en scène de Dirk Opstacle, Théâtre de Sartrouville, printemps 1999. Le Point 1389 (1999), 129.

Cites "le jus des intrigues, la saveur de la langue. Chaque acte dure dix minutes...."

KYLANDER, BRITT-MARIE. Le vocabulaire de Molière dans les comédies en alexandrins. Gothenburg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 1995.

Review: Julia Prest in FS 52.4 (1998), 466: K. offers a statistical analysis of Molière's vocabulary in his eleven 'comédies en alexandrins.' A large part of the book is devoted to graphs and tables showing, for instance, the average word or phrase length, prepositions or proper nouns in each play. The results are enlightening to the extent that they demonstrate how Molière's vocabulary varies from one work to another and in what ways. The seventy-page 'Dictionnaire des fréquences,' in which K. notes the number of times a term appears in each of the eleven comedies, is a potentially useful tool for researchers of linguistics and literature alike.

LE ROUX, MONIQUE. "Performance review of Tartuffe, ou l'Imposteur, directed by Jean-Pierre Vincent at the Théâtre de Nanterre-Amandiers, November 1998." QL 749 (1998), 25.

"Jean-Pierre Vincent voit manifestement dans la société française des raisons suffisantes pour continuer à s'intéresser à la pièce: la permanence d'une tendance représentée au XVIIe siècle par la Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement de l'Autel et ses resurgences contemporaines à travers divers groupes de pression." La scénographie "ajout[e] à la référence classique, tout en libérant le jeu d'encombrants attributs... Jean-Pierre Vincent renoue avec une tradition violemment comique, voire farcesque, des origines...". Exemple: Rémy Carpentier en Madame Pernelle. Quelques anachronismes voulus.

MALANDAIN, PIERRE, ed. Molière. Théâtre complet. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale Editions, 1997. Trois volumes parus sur cinq prévus.

Review: D. Monda in SFr 42 (1998), 342–3: First volume is a "beautiful, extremely refined edition" of the first 8 plays including an excellent general introduction, a clear and complete chronological table and a short critical introduction to each specific work. It does not include any variants of the texts.

Review: Y. Le Pestipon in RSH 249 (1998): P. Malandain "met en scène ... dans les formes et sans formalités, la fraîcheur entière de cet illustre metteur en scène de soi, du roi, du monde, des savants et des spectateurs.... Editeur conscient, ardent à faire lire une étonnante fraîcheur, usant d''une main prompte à suivre un beau feu qui la guide,' il se poste avec Molière et Mignard. ... Notes et préfaces créent la perspective. Quelques remarques promptes, qui font songer, par miroitements divers, comme dans une galerie des glaces, ouverte au monde, et donc à la littérature, aux mises en scène, à Dario Fo, sans oublier Molière, sa vie, sa troupe. Les références essentielles sont données, la chronologie est construite, des arabesques sont aventurées.

MALLINSON, JONATHAN, ed. Le Misanthrope. London: Bristol Classical Press, 1996.

Review: W.D. Howarth in FS 52.4 (1998), 465–466: A stimulating aid for today's students. Teachers will be able to profit from a "thoughtful presentation of the play, which draws judiciously on the abundant post-Rudler secondary literature on Molière, as well as doing justice to influential interpretations of Le Misanthrope from earlier periods." M offers a comprehensive six-page bibliography and tackles the question of theatrical interpretation from the seventeenth century to the present day. He provides excellent commentary on the text. "Altogether, this is an impressive contribution to Molière studies."

Review: Nancy Mc Elveen in FR 72 (1998), 334–35: Thorough and up-to-date intro., extensive biblio., scene-by-scene analysis. Focus is kept constantly alert to ambivalences that unsettle and disturb assumptions about society, wisdom and folly, and about comedy itself. "Useful resource for teachers and students.

See French 17 (1998).

MCBRIDE, ROBERT et NOEL PEACOCK, eds. Le nouveau Moliériste III (1996–1997) Glasgow: Universités d'Ulster et de Glasgow, 1997.

Review: Marco Baschera in PFSCL 26 (1999), 229–30: "Il s'agit en somme d'un volume riche d'informations pratiques et théoriques pour quiconque s'occupe de l'oeuvre de Molière."

MELEHY, HASSAN. "Molière and the Value of the Image: Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme." PFSCL 26 (1999), 29–38.

The author shows how the bourgeoisie is represented in the play as "involved in a machinery of representation" which is becoming its own mode of self-assertion aver the aristocracy.

NOBUKO, AKIYAMA. "Les comédies-ballets et les autres pièces de Molière." DSS 201 (1998), 595–611.

Argues that comédies-ballets stage topoï that remain "refoulés" in Molière's other plays; focuses specifically on the diverse permutations of the father figure and theatricality in the two genres.

REY-FLAUD, BERNADETTE. Molière de la farce. Genève: Droz, 1996.

RIGGS, LARRY W. "Dom Juan and Harpagon: Molière's Symbiotic Twin Archetypes of Modernity." PFSCL 26 (1999), 405–423.

This essay is a reading of Dom Juan and L'Avare which shows how the two plays "thematize two central myths of liberal capitalist modernity: the myth of the sovereign individual and that of the superiority of universal convertibility and exchange, mediated by money, over a pluralism of ethically bounded, localized exchange relationships."

SERROY, JEAN, ed. Le Tartuffe. Paris: Gallimard, 1997.

Review: Michael Hawcroft in FS 52.4 (1998), 465: Good edition for students. "The text of the play is preceded by Molière's preface and three placets au roi and followed by a detailed chronology, a level-headed discussion of the play's sources, accounts of its evolution from 1664–1669 and of its performance history up to 1997, a bibliography, a summary and, most useful of all, notes, which are not interpretative, but which systematically quote definitions from the dictionaries of Richelet, Furetière and the Académie française."

Review: Bénédicte Louvat in RHL 99.1 (1999), 125–26: Largely favorable review of S.'s edition which continues his work of editing Molière's plays for the "Folio/Théâtre" collection. L. applauds S. for "la quantité des informations et des analyses qu'elle comporte en sus du texte lui-même." Of special note is the link between the preface, which highlights the political, esthetic, and moral controversy surrounding the play, and the "notice" which examines the "sources et l'histoire du texte." Despite her favorable evaluation, L. does regret, "l'absence d'une analyse dramaturgique précise de la pièce."

Review: Nathalie Négroni in PFSCL 26 (1999), 237–238: "Le lecteur est enthousiasmé par l'orientation originale de Jean Serroy: montrer le 'travail de l'oeuvre,' le cheminement organique des voies de la création, qui sont mieux fondées que ces 'voix mystérieuses' que les critiques ont cru déceler dans les entrelacs du texte, et en Tartuffe."

SERVIN, MICHELINE B. "C'est bien ça." TM (Juillet-Septembre 98), 234–237.

Review of Jean-Pierre Vincent's production of Molière's Tartuffe ou l'Imposteur, at the theater of Nanterre-Amandiers. The author mentions Vincent's vague suggestion of a homosexual relation between Orgon and Tartuffe, as well as his view that Tartuffe is "fabriqué par Orgon" who needs to be dominated by the former, although Servin thinks this approach would have been better served by a Tartuffe truly hypocritical and truly an impostor, who would have "occupé le haut du plateau."

SHAW, DAVID. "Legal Elements in Le Misanthrope." NFS 38.1 (1999), 1–11:

Shaw notes the frequency with which the discrepancy between Alceste's ideals and the moral ambiguity of the society in which he lives is expressed through legal references, and illustrates the manner in which such legal references "constantly underpin the comedy" of the play.

SWEETSER, MARIE-ODILE. "Théâtre du monde et monde du théâtre: Le Misanthrope." Le Nouveau Molièriste 3 (1996–97), 57–71.

S. démontre la qualité théâtrale de cette pièce souvent considérée une comédie de salon.

SWEETSER. MARIE-ODILE. "Reprises, variations, récriture sur un thème comique chez Molière," in Le Labyrinthe de Versailles, ed. Martine Debaisieux (Amsterdam/Atlanta: Rodopi, 1998), 33–51.

S. montre comment Molière reprend, varie, et récrit certaines idées et sujets dans plusieurs de ces pièces.

VENESOEN, CONSTANT. Quand Jean-Baptiste joue du Molière, essai. PFSCL/Biblio 17, 94 (1996).

Review: L. Benatti in SFr 42 (1998), 135–6: Venesoen's ability to read the plays of Molière from new perspectives is "brilliantly demonstrated" in this essay, "in which the critic undertakes to describe Molière's personality starting from the corpus of his oeuvres, seen as a true mirror of his complex psychology and his multifaceted personality as well as of his way of looking at his contemporary society." To lead us step by step in this rediscovery, Venesoen does not hesitate to make use of psychoanalytic works of Jung and Freud, while at the same time remaining skeptical about the use of such tools in literary analysis. B. concludes that this work is "destined to open new critical paths within the already vast bibliography dedicated to the life and the works of Molière."

VILAR, JEAN. "A propos de Don Juan." RHT 50.4 (1998), 305–311.

Le texte de Jean Vilar, inédit dans son intégralité, examine la scène de Don Juan.

WHITTON, DAVID. Molière, Don Juan (Plays in Production). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Review: W. Howarth in ThR 23.3 (1998), 284–285: Traces the production history of Molière's play, which disappeared from the stage from 1665 to 1847, then suffered poor treatment by theater troupes until 1947, when L. Jouvet staged a sympathetic interpretation, followed in 1953 by J. Vilar's exploration of the play as a "social problem." According to this reviewer, W. doesn't treat all productions with an even hand and is occasionally reductive in his approach. However, his treatment of the Jouvet and Vilar productions is "rewarding."

WYPLOSZ, JEAN. Performance review of the Compagnie de l'Escalier's "Molière et ses médecins" at the Théâtre du Tambour Royal, summer 1999. Le Point 1402 (1999), 84.

La pièce "se veut un patchwork [des] diatribes antimédicales [de Molière], assorties de choréographies buffonnes."

NAUDE

BIANCHI, LORENZO. Rinascimento e libertinismo: Studi su Gabriel Naudé. Naples: Bibliopolis, 1996.

DAMIEN, ROBERT. "Gabriel Naudé et la critique des romans." PFSCL 25 (1998), 442–449.

The author questions the exclusion by Naudé, the modern theoretician of the "Bibliothèque publique et universelle," of "romans, fables, narrations fictives, récits extravagants."

PASCAL

EARNETT, RICHARD-LAURENT. "Pascal's Prescripts: The Semiotics of Suspension." ZFSL 108 (1998), 241–58.

Dense and challenging development of author's earlier studies of aphoristic discourse, concluding that in Pascal "It is cartographer of the un-navigatable, normalizer of the inaccessible and poetic conduit of the un-narratable."

FORCE, PIERRE. "Pascal et la philosophie: problèmes de réception." PFSCL 25 (1998), 431–439.

Study of the philosophical status of Pascal's work through the examination of its reception from the 17th century (Madame de Sévigné, "lettre à Madame de Grignan", 9 août 1671) to the 20th century.

KOCH, EREC. Pascal and Rhetoric: Figural and Persuasive Language in the Scientific Treatises, the Provinciales and the Pensées. Charlottesville, VA: Rookwood Press, 1997.

Review: Bruce Edmunds in PFSCL 26 (1999), 224–227: "Indeed, Pascal and Rhetoric testifies to meticulous research and careful reading, and offers discussion that is often nothing less than brilliant."

Review: E. Moles in MLR 94.2 (1999), 539–40: "Erec Koch's learned book takes demolition of Pascal's meaning beyond Derrida, de Man, Marin, and Melzer in order to posit catachresis as the ultimate master-strope [sic]designating a blank at the heart of Pascal's linguistic predicament." Reviewer acknowledges irritation at K.'s "condescension towards the author" and finds that "a glossary of modern semiotic terms might usefully replace the lengthy annotations."

See French 17 (1997)

LEDUC-FAYETTE, DENISE. Pascal et le mystère du mal. La clé de Job. Paris: Cerf, 1996.

Review: Philippe Ducat in RMM (Sept. 1999), 430–31: Analyses move from the social assimilation of the story of Job to evidence of Pascal's to its sign—as a Christian category—of a "philosophie eucharistique" unifying the question of "liberté, le mal, le péché." Praises analyses of detail (e.g. on contemplation, the confrontation Pascal/Berkeley, on causality, the rapport of meditation and incantation, the language of evil, the "angoisses de Bayle") as well as the overall contribution made to consideration of the status of philosophizing for Pascal.

See French 17 (1997).

MEURILLON, CHRISTIAN. "Oubli de soi, oubli de Dieu: écriture et oubli chez Pascal." RSH 252 (1998), 23–36.

Chez Pascal, "l'écriture de l'oubli, au lieu ... de seulement se substituer à celle du contenu perdu de la pensée ... se développe en réflexion sur soi, qu'il conviendra ... de réitérer. L'oubli est ainsi récupéré par l'apologiste au profit d'une rémémoration de la faiblesse humaine, bien nécessaire à qui veut apprécier avec justesse sa condition véritable." Many links to "l'oubli" in Montaigne. "Je me propose ... d'envisager l'écriture pascalienne comme feux contre l'oubli." Analyzes letter by Blaise and Jacqueline to their sister Gilberte. "Chez Pascal aussi, le flux des mots donne une image de la continuité, tandis que la fragmentation et surtout l'inachèvement si fréquent dans son œuvre, reproduisent la fragilité de la vie humaine. Mais, chez lui, le contrôleur est également celui qui peut offrir au passager sans titre ni mérite le billet justificatif."

MEURILLON, CHRISTIAN, ed. Pascal: l'exercice de l'esprit. Lille: Université Charles de Gaulle Lille III, 1996.

Review: David Wetsel in PFSCL 26 (1999), 488–492: "In his introduction, C. Meurillon describes this important new collection of essays on Pascal as 'un parcours orienté où chaque article est le théâtre d'un exercice de l'esprit.' These essays ... certainly live up to this promise."

STRAUDO, ARNOUX. La fortune de Pascal en France au XVIIIe siècle. Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 1997.

Review: François Bessire in RHL 99.2 (1999) 304–05: Favorable in which B. describes "Le livre d'Arnoux [comme] une impressionante somme érudite sur les lectures de Pascal au XVIIIe siècle. L'ampleur de l'enquête et sa rigueur, la présence des notices biographiques, d'une très large bibliographie et d'un copieux index en font un ouvrage de référence irremplaçable." Reviewer devotes much space to S.'s discussion of Voltaire's reaction to Pascal. In general, Voltaire is quite critical of Pascal, labeling his seventeenth-century predecessor as a "misanthrope" whose style of fragmented writing produces mainly "galimatias." Nonetheless, S. points out moments where Voltaire's writing shows a certain similarity to Pascal's. The eighteenth-century author who bore the greatest admiration for Pascal was Condorcet, who "transformed" Pascal "en protagoniste de l'histoire et du progrès de l'esprit humain."

WETSEL, DAVID. "Pascal on death." PFSCL 26 (1999), 195–203.

True to his title, the author studies Pascal's various pronouncements on death, from his letter to his sister on the occasion of their father's death, to the constant preoccupation with the inevitability of death in the Pensées.

PERRAULT

SAUPÉ, YVETTE. Les Contes de Perrault et la mythologie: rapprochements et influences. PFSCL/Biblio 17, 104 (1997).

Review: Jacques Barchilon in PFSCL 26 (1999), 232–234: "C'est en vérité un excellent ouvrage de consultation, que l'on soit d'accord avec l'auteur ou non. Nos réserves de professeurs pédants ne sauraient en aucune manière diminuer le fait que cette étude est une très utile contribution à la riche bibliographie critique des contes de Perrault."

Review: J.-P. Collinet in SFr 42 (1998), 570–1: C. summarizes the goal of this study (first begun under the auspices of M.-T. Hipp) as an attempt to situate "la place tenue dans les Contes... par la mythologie des Anciens" and states that this exercise is based on "le postulat que mythe et conte ne représente que les deux faces d'un même genre narratif, dont l'une, sacralisée, se laïcise dans la seconde." C. is generally favorable in his review, but criticizes the tendency of Saupé to weaken the focus of her study by indulging in detailed analyses of aspects of the Contes which are only peripherally related to the concept of mythology.

Review: Nathalie Grande in RHL 99.1 (1999), 129: Saupé's critical point of departure is summarized in the phrase, "le mythe et le conte ne sont que deux aspects d'une même narration." S. begins with the paratexts which shed light on "les intentions esthétiques du partisan déclaré des Modernes que fut Perrault." Textual analysis centers on "les lieux privilégiés des récits, le symbolisme moral des animaux, [et] les mythes héroiques." These themes and motifs help uncover "un romanesque du récit pris entre sérieux et dérision, dans le mélange des tons." For S., the burlesque dominates the tone of the Contes, and in so doing, brings about a "transposition malicieuse de l'épopée en conte, à la manière d'un 'Homère travesti.'"

Review: Felizitas Ringham in FS 52.3 (1998), 342: The wealth of information along with the ambiguities in the definition of key concepts (mythology, conte) confuse the argument rather than strengthen it. "Despite commendable attention to textual wording and close analysis of lexical fields, and despite a great number of definitions and questions raised, there is lack of rigour in the methodological approach as well as overall excessive repetition. If anything, the study would seem to illustrate the literary and generic confusion that marked the end of the seventeenth century, emblematic itself of 'influences' and 'rapprochements' in the contes."

VAN ELSLANDE, JEAN-PIERRE. "Parole d'enfant: Perrault et le déclin au Grand Siècle." PFSCL 26 (1999), 440–454.

The author focuses on the figure of the child, characterized by sweetness and innocence, which allows a shaking of hierarchical modes and evinces the greatness inherent in smallness, as it is staged in Perrault's Contes which, claiming to be the work of a child, adressed to and speaking of children, become the locus of a redefinition of human relations in a period when traditional aristocratic values are in crisis.

POIRET, PIERRE

CHEVALLIER, MARJOLAINE, ed. La paix des bonnes âmes. Geneva: Droz, 1998.

Review: Elisabeth Labrousse in BSHPF 145 (1999), 213–16: Important edition of a work ultimately aimed polemically at Bayle by the author of the Avis Charitables, sometimes of real originality, always witness to profound desire for an irenic future.

QUINAULT

MCINTYRE, BRUCE. "Armide ou le monologue féminin." AJFS 36.2 (1999), 157–72.

Examen de cette pièce considérée "comme le point culminant" de la carrière de Q. et dans laquelle "Armide se rapproche surtout de la Phèdre racinienne."

NORMAN, BUFORD. Philippe Quinault, les livrets d'opéra. Toulouse: Société de Littératures Classiques, 1999.

Première édition critique des onze livrets pour les tragédies de Lully qui offre une meilleure compréhension de l'esthétique galante et du baroque somptueux de l'époque.

RACINE

AUCOUTURIER, MICHEL. "Mandelstam traducteur et Racine acméiste." RLC 73,2 (1999), 213–22.

A. propose que les efforts de M. de traduire Racine ont résulté en l'inclusion de quelques vers et idées de Racine dans l'oeuvre poétique de M.

BARNETT, RICHARD-LAURENT. "Poétique et marginalité: les interstices du tragique racinien." SCFS 20 (1998), 153–62.

Racine's textual universe is ordered by a "perilleuse scission: l'échec patent du dire accapare la seule substance du discours, se substitue à elle. Le paradoxe s'avère interminable." Contains a useful biblio (including a complete listing of the author's previous studies of Racine and those currently in press).

BILLARD, PIERRE. "Les fêtes." Le Point 1405 (1999), 72:

Summary of commemorations of the tricentenary of Racine's birth, in France, in Africa, and in the United States.

BONZON, ALFRED. Racine et Heidegger. Paris: Nizet, 1995.

Review: N. Frogneux in ECl 66 (1998), 140: F. notes that this volume is a summary of a course given in 1977 at the U. of São Paulo and summarizes the main thrust of that course as follows: "L'hypothèse qu'il défend est que la pensée de Heidegger, quoique liée intimement à la langue allemande et à la poésie de Hölderlin, ne se limite ni à l'un ni à l'autre et les considérations heideggeriennes peuvent s'appliquer non seulement aux poètes modernes et contemporains de langue française, mais aussi aux classiques," but notes that this hypothesis is not adequately demonstrated.

BURY, EMMANUELLE. "Les Antiquités de Racine." OeC 24.1 (1999), 29–48.

"Le titre voudrait plutôt suggérer la pluralité des 'Antiquités' à l'oeuvre chez Racine, et proposer une réflexion sur les diverses modalités de l'usage des sources antiques par le dramaturge, et l'utilité de leur étude, pour mieux comprendre ce qui fait la spécificité de sa création."

CALDER, RUTH. "'La seule pensée du crime...': The Question of Moral Rigor in Phèdre." SCFS 20 (1998), 45–56.

The first of two articles considering the combination of conditions of the last stage of Racine's spirituality, this one examining the end of his Préface as a bid for reconciliation with the Jansenists and Arnauld in particular.

CALDICOTT, C.E.J. "L'ironie de Racine en anglais: l'exemple de Phèdre III.2–3." RLC 73.2 (1999), 177–84.

C. suggère que les traducteurs luttent avec les vers et avec la difficulté de garder "la précision de l'ironie racinienne," qui "est un élément indispensable de sa [Racine] vision tragique, tout aussi important que ses vers."

CHEDOZEAU, BERNARD. "La dimension religieuse dans quelques tragédies de Racine: 'Où fuir?'." OeC 24.1 (1999), 159–180.

"Reprise dans sa complexité, revivifiée dans sa puissance, la dimension 'religieuse' inséparable de son socle de 'sacré' signale un des axes majeurs de l'anthropologie racinienne. Après des pièces que l'on dira profanes apparaissent des tragédies lourdes d'un puissant sacré, et Phèdre en est l'aboutissement; ce sacré s'interprète et prend finalement sens dans un religieux teinté d'augustinisme."

CONSTANDOULAKI-CHANTZOU, IONNA. "Traduire Phèdre en grec moderne." RLC 73.2 (1999), 205–12.

Par un examen de la traduction de Stratis Pascalis, l'auteur montre le succès de cette traduction qui "a réussi à recréer en grec l'idiolecte de l'héroïne ainsi que l'atmosphère de la tragédie de Racine."

DELACOMPTEE, JEAN-MICHEL. Racine en Majesté. Paris: Flammarion, 1999.

Review: N. Casanova in QL 756 (1999), 6: "Le miracle de cette alliance entre un roi et un poète, c'est que l'un offre justement ce que l'autre est le plus apte à désirer, recevoir et goûter. L'un, le roi, recourt 'au principe de plaisir' ... pour 'aliénier l'autonomie des nobles' .... Racine, nous dit l'auteur, souhaite avant tout 'l'infini bonheur de la proximité du roi'." Plus tard, vers la fin de sa vie, "Racine exprime toutes les affres de l'amant passionné devant le désamour du partenaire." Histoire d'amour racinienne où Racine lui-même souffre le plus.

Review: O. Mongin in Esprit (mai 1999), 249: "En s'intéressant à Racine, il [D.] ne s'aventure pas sur le terrain miné de la biographie et ne cherche pas à faire le lien entre la vie et l'oeuvre. Il se contente d'observer que le tragédien, annobli en 1693, etait assoiffée de reconnaissance royale et que l'écrivain ne pouvait se concevoir que proche du roi au risque de se condamner lui-même au silence de l'écriture."

DOSMOND, SIMONE. "Phèdre: tragédie païene ou tragédie chrétienne?" IL 51.2 (1999), 27–36.

Article seeks to determine whether or not the religious dimension of Phèdre is chiefly pagan or Christian in nature. D. suggests arguments in favor of each thesis, as the first centers on 1)the play's mythological references, and 2) the relationship between God and humanity, while the second thesis is grounded in 1) Judeo-Christian tradition, and 2) the influence of Jansenism. Giving a third option, D. explains what she terms an "impious Phèdre" by describing her as "le personnage de la réprouvée," and as a figure afflicted with "la fascination du péché." D's textual references span the entire work, but she pays particularly close attention to Acts IV and V, where Phèdre's self-awareness and self-loathing seem to be at their most intense. It is also in these passages that the theme of confession bears witness to a "pessimisme métaphysique," which, according to D., brings together the pagan and Christian subtexts of Racine's ninth tragedy.

DUBU, JEAN. "Mithridate, pourquoi?" RHL 99.1 (1999), 17–40.

Article divides itself into several sections, the first being the "dangereux détours" Racine constructs for the principal characters of the play. Among the "détours" discussed are the betrayal of Xipharès's mother, as well as the false news of Mithridate's death. D. also devotes much space to the circumstances under which the actress la Champmeslé was chosen for the role of Monime, and how this role corresponds to her interpretations of Hermione and Phèdre. What these dramatic parts have in common is their insistence of the "femme unique." The article then passes to a comparison of the situational similarities between Mithridate and Corneille's dramaturgy, most notably Le Cid and Horace. Ultimately, D. sees the amity between Xipharès and Monime as the most noble, if not redemptive feature of the play. He concludes by suggesting that, "...[chez] Monime et Xipharès, [on voit] la protestation discrète du coeur, de la jeunesse et de l'innocence recouvrée." It is this innocence that triumphs over the specter of war and cynicism that characterizes the play's depiction of political intrigue.

ELTHES, AGNES. " 'Eh bien, Antiochus, es-tu toujours le même?' Deux traductions hongroises du monologue d'Antiochus." RLC 73.2 (1999), 241–56.

Comparaison qui démontre que les difficultés de traduction ne sont pas limitées aux différences des systèmes linguistiques et de versification.

EMELINA, JEAN. "Les tragédies de Racine et le mal" OeC 24.1 (1999), 95–114.

". . . du malheur au 'mal' il n'y a qu'un pas; 'mal,' non point dans le sens subjectif de souffrance particulière—ce 'mal' ou ces 'maux' dont souffre, par exemple, l'héroïne éponyme de Phèdre (v. 146, 186, 269)—mais dans un sens général et déjà métaphysique d'imperfection naturelle qui règne dans l'univers, de principe, de force nuisible: Les Fleurs du mal de Baudelaire. Peindre les passions publiques ou privées avec leurs ambitions, leurs violences, leurs crimes et leurs désastres, c'est peindre en priorité le mal humain."

ETIENVRE, FRANÇOISE. "Racine instrumentalisé dans L'Espagne des Lumières. Trois variations sur la tirade de Théramène." RLC 73.2 (1999), 223–30.

Etude d'une traduction en castillan (José Cadalso) qui suggère les fins patriotiques qui font partie du but de modifier le gôut des Espagnols en présentant des traductions d'oeuvres étrangères.

FORESTIER, GEORGES, ed. Œuvres complètes. Théâtre et poésie. Tome I. Paris: La Pléiade/Gallimard, 1999.

Review: N. Casanova in QL 760 (1999), 13: Cette nouvelle édition "nous donne les tragédies de R. telles que les spectateurs du XVIIe siècle les entendirent pour la première fois, avant les corrections tardives du poète." Le but de la modification: "ce sont ... les causes du désordre qui vont changer, passer en quelque sorte du psychologique au métaphysique.... Royalement revêtu de toutes les préfaces successives, d'explications sur les rapports de la ponctuation, de la prononciation et de la rime, ce volume nous permet une exploration fantastique, nous dirions presque hantée—des tragédies raciniennes. En outre il brouille heureusement en nous l'image d'une œuvre fixée pour toute l'éternité. On la voit vivre, bouger...."

FRANCE, PETER. "Andromaque chez les Britanniques." RLC 73.2 (1999), 137–52.

Une étude de deux répliques tirées de l'Acte I, sc. iv, dans quatre traductions différentes (Cairncross, Korn, Dunn, Raine).

FRANCE, PETER. "Racine Britannicus." OeC 24.1 (1999), 248–263.

"J'esquisserai d'abord un tableau peu réjouissant de la réception de Racine outre-Manche pendant plus de deux siècles avant d'aborder, avec un certain soulagement, une période plus propice à l'appréciation de ses tragédies."

GENNARO, ROSARIO et FRANCO MUSARRA. "La musique et les mots. Notes sur Ungaretti traducteur de Phèdre." RLC 73.2 (1999), 195–204.

Etude qui propose que ce poète applique sa propre poétique et met au point son propre langage en traduisant Racine.

GRANGAUD, MICHELLE. "L'interjection dans Britannicus." OeC 24.1 (1999), 23–28.

Exercice de compression des oeuvres dramatiques (voir Racine/Roubaud). G. "est arrivée à extraire de Britannicus les interjections, dont la liste . . . donne à lire une version radicalement fragmentée, et d'autant plus passionnelle, du chef-d'oeuvre racinien."

GUENOUN, SOLANGE M. "La passion Racine—sous le lierre de la psychologie et la résistance à la psychanalyse." OeC 24.1 (1999), 115–135.

"Matrice de l'invention, la passion est ce qui lie la faiblesse dramaturgique, psychique, et politique. Ce lien exige une esthétique adéquate, l'invention d'un noeud poétique, une forme d'où émaneraient des effets de 'sens'."

HARMSEN, A. J. E. "Mithridate dans le théâtre néerlandais." RLC 73.2 (1999), 165–76.

Trois traductions en 1679 qui indiquent la popularité de Racine dans ce pays.

HAWCROFT, MICHAEL. "Le langage racinien." OeC 24.1 (1999), 49–74.

"Certes, le langage racinien est poétique, mais il est simultanément dramatique, théâtral. C'est l'union si importante des aspects poétiques et dramatiques de son langage qui le rend si efficace sur scène et qui constituera notre perspective."

HERNANDEZ, BRIGITTE. Performance review of Racine's Phèdre, mise en scène de Luc Bondy, Théâtre de l'Odéon/Rennes, 1998. Le Point 1368 (1998), 92.

Controversial representation praised by reviewer.

JOY, JEAN-CLAUDE. Méditations raciniennes. Seize ouvertures en forme d'oratorio intérieur. Bern: Peter Lang, 1996.

Review: André Vanocini in ZFSL 109 (1999)0 85–87: Summary of the treatment of the speeches of characters that "aborde le texte racinien avec une sensibilité, un savoir remarquables." The author "sait surtout écouter le vers, lui faisant rendre une à une les significations cachées...:" in all, "une pierre exceptionnelle au diadème formé par les commentaires raciniens."

LAGARDE, FRANÇOIS. "1939, année racinienne." OeC 24.1 (1999), 292–314.

"En 1939, 'Racine' aurait dû 'arriver' en largeur, dans le concours de la célébration française, et en profondeur, au fond de l'âme mimétique. Mais à mesure qu'on s'éloigne de ces centres de gravité, le signifiant magique est sans effet: Racine au Mexique, ce n'est rien; Racine à l'école, ce n'est rien non plus. Aussi une contradiction mine-t-elle toute cette publicité: célébrer Racine est quasi impossible puisqu'il faudrait faire partager par le grand public une expérience mimétique, ontique, qui est le fait d'un recueillement privé. 'Racine' ou l'impossible 'intimus' universel. L'année racinienne, ou beaucoup de bruit pour rien. Mongrédien avait raison de se méfier des célébrations."

LEMAIRE, J.-P., ed. Cantiques spirituels et autres poèmes. Paris: Gallimard/Poésie, 1999.

Review: E. Pieiller in QL 769 (1999), 26: "Ces Cantiques ainsi que les Hymnes qui, avec quelques textes de Port-Royal, complètent l'ouvrage, sont des 'transpositions' de passages de la Bible, des paraphrases: il n'y a pas là d'éclat mystique à la Jean de la Croix, en revanche, l'ensemble de ces écrits religieux est très éclairant, et sur les inquiétudes du siècle, et sur les obsessions raciniennes, hanté, comme Saint Paul, par les 'deux hommes en lui.' Une lettre à Boileau explicitant son travail achève de rendre cet ouvrage précieux."

LEVILLAIN, HENRIETTE. "La Bérénice infidèle de Thomas Otway." RLC 73.2 (1999), 153–64.

Une version abrégée qui démontre les modifications au profit de l'action pour plaire au gôut britannique.

MAZOUER, CHARLES. "Racine et la comédie." OeC 24.1 (1999), 216–232.

M. propose d'examiner Les Plaideurs, "en la confrontant aux traditions comiques anciennes ou contemporaines de Racine par rapport auxquelles il se situe et marque son originalité."

MULLER, DAVID G. "Phèdre, Britannicus." Performance review of Racine's Phèdre and Britannicus, both mounted by the Almeida Theatre Company, Brooklyn Academy of Music, Majestic Theatre, New York City, January 1999, Director Jonathan Kent. TJ 51.3 (1999), 327–331.

Diana Rigg in the role of Phèdre. Performances judged "both disappointing and revealing in turn. Both performances resisted the temptation of setting the plays in the same neoclasssical nowhereland... of Racinian myth.... Maria Bjornson designed an excellent alternative to the myth of Racinian neutrality: a scenographic diptych with settings unified in their compositional configuration but clearly defining a specific locale for each tragedy...." However, Phèdre could not overcome "stock Racinian folklore [cf. Barthes]." "[I]ntelligent performances by fine actors... could not overcome the production's monumental proportions and frequently overbearing self-consciousness... [T]he production seemed rushed.... Kent's monumental approach seemed curiously at odds with Ted Hughes's free-verse translation.... Britannicus, on the other hand, was much more satisfying. Robert David MacDonald's translation, in rhymed hexametric couplets, is a joy to hear.... The Almeida ensemble found a particularly effective approach to its production by transferring the action from the confines of Roman history to a mythic locale within contemporary resonance... a corporate waiting room just beyond the corridors of real power."

NIES, FRITZ. "Le 'premier poète moderne' ravalé au rang de 'farce bigarrée'? Prologomènes à un Racine allemand." OeC 24.1 (1999), 264–280.

"Pour nous autres Allemands, Racine a-t-il jamais été des nôtres, l'est-il de nos jours? Et suppose qu'on puisse répondre par l'affirmative à ces deux questions, il en resterait toujours une troisième: notre Racine à nous est-ce bien celui qu'on suppose parler de manière si familière à ses compatriotes?" L'auteur passe rapidement sur les éditions et traductions, la scène, la critique, l'école, et la recherche et l'enseignement universitaires.

NIES, FRITZ. "Schiller, Werle et les autres: Racine en langue allemande." RLC 73.2 (1999), 185–94.

N. propose ces deux interprétations, parmi deux centaines de versions allemandes, comme versions qui méritent notre considération.

NORMAN, BUFORD. "Remaking a Cultural Icon: Phèdre and the Operatic Stage." Cambridge Opera Journal 10.3 (1998), 225–245.

Article examines relationship of Simon-Joseph Pellegrin's libretto for Hippolyte et Aricie (1733) and Racine's Phèdre. B.N. asserts the "coexistence of two forms of tragedy [tragédie lyrique and spoken tragedy] within the same aesthetic," and supports "the study of the libretto as an autonomous text." He then summarizes Pellegrin's justifications for the choice of the Phaedra myth, particularly in light of the play's reputation as "perfect" in 17th-century terms. B.N. discusses the fundamental differences between the two works, asserting that even Phèdre herself is a very different character in Pellegrin's piece. The article contains a lengthy and careful comparison of the vocabulary of Racine and Pellegrin, and in particular cites the changes Pellegrin made to Racine's lines, and their location in the libretto. B.N. concludes that "there seems to be little correlation between the number of words that a line from Hippolyte et Aricie and a line in Phèdre have in common and their likelihood of being used in the same context, much less in exactly the same situation. Hippolyte et Aricie is not a remake of Phèdre. It uses many of the same elements, and [Racine's] phrases are redistributed with considerable freedom." Moreover, "the larger elements of Racine's play (plot, characters, motivation, divine intervention, etc.) are similarly borrowed but modified and rearranged." Thus, "it is more accurate to see Hippolyte et Aricie, not as an operatic Phèdre, but as a version of a classic myth that borrows from Racine when his words — but rarely the situation, the characterisation and the multiple meanings that lie behind them — are suitable to the lyric stage." Appendix I contains an extended analysis of certain borrowings; Appendix II reproduces the beginning of Pellegrin's Preface to the 1733 libretto.

POMMIER, RENÉ. Etudes sur Britannicus. Paris: SEDES, 1995.

Review: J. Filée in ECl 66 (1998), 140: Pommier's book contains three studies concerning Racine's Britannicus and presents a critical rereading of Goldmann and also (incidentally) of C. Mauron. F. summarizes, "Si les vues de l'auteur paraissent convaincantes, certains pourront regretter le ton polémique qu'il adopte à l'égard des analyses de Goldmann."

REILLY, MARY. "Racine's Visions of Violence: The Case of Bajazet, Britannicus and Bérénice." NFS 38.1 (1999), 12–23.

Reilly closely analyses "the images evoked by offstage violence" and illustrates how they form part of a complex "psychological means of tyranny" by which various characters seek to control the thoughts and actions of the other characters, in "dramatic and repressive power relationships."

RINGER, LOREN. "Phèdre." Performance Review of Phèdre, mise-en-scène by the Théâtre Vidy (Lausanne) at the Théâtre National de Bretagne, December 1998. TJ 51.3 (1999), 331–332.

"[S]ome stunning visual effects in set design and lighting and a beautiful interpretation of the lead role by Valérie Dréville. Unfortunately, a problematic Œnone and weak Hippolyte marred the performance."

RIZZA, CECILIA. "Fortune et infortunes de Racine en Italie." OeC 24.1 (1999), 233–247.

Présence de Racine en Italie étudiée sous l'angle de la traduction et des tendances actuelles de la critique italienne.

ROHOU, JEAN, ed. Jean Racine, théâtre complet. Paris: Livre de Poche, 1998.

Review: Bernard Chédozeau in IL 51.1 (1999), 60–61: Favorable review in which C. envisions that this "ouvrage excellent" will become "un manuel à l'usage des élèves du secondaire, et des étudiants d'université." The work consists of two parts: the plays themselves as well as a grouping of "notices" dedicated to each play. Rohou's introduction discusses the evolution of Racine's tragedy from historical and political drama to "la passion tragique." The introduction also addresses issues of spelling, punctuation, and other technical matters. In his "notices," Rohou presents information about the genesis, reception, and sources of the works in question. Among the notices C. highlights are those to Andromaque, Bérénice, and Bajazet. Undergirding Rohou's thématique is the idea of an "anthropologie augustinienne" which unites the interpretation and presentation of Racine's dramaturgy.

Review: E. Pieiller in QL 753 (1999), 31: "Splendide édition. Rohou, dans une très belle et simple préface, propose de voir dans le tragique racinien une 'version particulière de l'anthropologie augustinienne,' ... puis dans les notices qui accompagnent chaque pièce, précise les intentions, raisons, et conditions de son écriture, ainsi qu'une synthèse des interprétations. Un bonheur."

Review: Ronald W. Tobin in PFSCL 26 (1999), 496–497: "...nous ferions bien de remercier Jean Rohou d'avoir rendu disponible le théâtre complet de Racine dans le format le plus commode et le plus utile qui soit sur le marché au seuil de l'Année Racine."

Review: Marie-Odile Sweetser in FR 73 (1999), 127–28: Concise general intro. in individual notices, good biblio, modernized orthography and accommodated punctuation. The lines of the general introduction follow by in large those established in author's L'évolution du tragique racinien (1991).

RÖHL, MAGNUS. "Quand Phèdre parle suédois." RLC 73.2 (1999), 231–40.

Etude de quatre versions (1797, 1906, 1986, 1990) qui propose que la version du dix-huitième reste le plus fidèle à Racine.

RONZEAUD, PIERRE. "Racine et la politique: la perplexité de la critique." OeC 24.1 (1999), 136–158.

"Que conclure, en effet, à l'issu de ce parcours dans la critique racinienne? Que la politique environne le Racine de l'existence, homme pris dans le monde de son époque, que la politique figure dans ses tragédies, thématisée ou dramaturgiquement instrumentalisée, comme elle constitue l'horizon culturel de sa poésie encomiastique. Mais aussi que l'on peut découvrir une étroite complicite entre la politique monarchique de Louis XIV, . . . et la politique scénique exhibée dans des tragédies qui . . . mettent en scène une conception identique de la valeur de l'absolutisme."

ROUBAUD, JACQUES. "Codécimation de Phèdre." OeC 24.1 (1999), 11–22.

Exercice de compression des oeuvres dramatiques (voir Racine/Grangaud): "La décimation supprime un individu sur dix; la codécimation n'en laisse survivre qu'un. Cette version de Phèdre a 165,4 vers, chaque vers étant compté selon son nombre de syllabes et le total converti en alexandrins." R. "explore les manières dont on peut adapter la tragédie classique aux nécessités de notre temps—c'est-à-dire en particulier à notre manque de temps."

SCHMITT, MICHEL P. "L'hyperclassique (Racine à l'école)." OeC 24.1 (1999), 281–292.

"Présence de Racine à l'école? Evidemment, d'autant plus remarquable que la concurrence sur le marché des auteurs scolaires est plus redoutable que jamais. L'inquiétude des raciniens devrait en fait se porter sur la présence de l'école dans Racine, sur l'impérialisme scolaire qui règle le dispositif littéraire, culturel et donc social mis en place sous le nom de 'Racine'."

SCHNEIDER, MICHEL. "Racine clair et obscur." Le Point 1405 (1999), 68–70.

Article summarizes Racine's career, with an emphasis on Racine as "énigme" during certain "périodes enfermées." "Quel fut le vrai Racine? Le vil arriviste, qui sombra dans une ultime disgrâce dont peut-être il mourut en 1699? Le pieux et secret janséniste, élevé à Port-Royal, où, selon ses désirs, il fut enseveli près de son maître, M. Hamon? Le moraliste déchiré par la souffrance et les humiliations, qui trouvait aux ors de Versailles un reflet de sang? Un peu des trois, sans doute, et à la vérité un tout autre personnage: le plus violent des écrivains, le plus orgueilleux et le moins vaniteux, voulant comme disparaître dans son œuvre. Il a réussi."

SCHRODER, VOLKER, éd. Présences de Racine. OeC 24.1 (1999).

Présentation de Volker Schröder suivie de 17 contributions: J. Roubaud, "Codécimation de Phèdre"; M. Grangaud, "L'Interjection dans Britannicus"; E. Bury, "Les Antiquités de Racine"; M. Hawcroft, "Le Langage racinien"; F. Sick, "Dramaturgie et tragique de l'amour dans le théâtre de Racine"; J. Emelina, "Les Tragédies de Racine et le mal"; S. M. Guénoun, "La Passion Racine—sous le lierre de la psychologie et la résistance à la psychanalyse"; P. Ronzeaud, "Racine et la politique: la perplexité de la critique"; B. Chedozeau, "La Dimension religieuse dans quelques tragédies de Racine: 'Où fuir?'"; C. J. Spencer, "Impasse du discours: Racine, Port-Royal et les signes"; M.-O. Sweetser, "Les Femmes dans la vie et l'oeuvre de Racine"; C. Mazouer, "Racine et la comédie"; C. Rizza, "Fortune et indortunes de Racine en Italie"; P. France, "Racine britannicus"; F. Nies, "Le 'Premier poète moderne' ravalé au rang de 'farce bigarée'? Prologomènes à un Racine allemand"; M. P. Schmitt, "L'hyperclassique (Racine à l'école)"; F. Lagarde,"1939, année racinienne"; V. Schröder, "Racine-cliché: petit dictionnaire des idées reçues."

SCHRODER, VOLKER. "Racine-cliché: petit dictionnaire des idées reçues." OeC 24.1 (1999), 315–316.

S. remercie "les raciniens, racinisants, racinologues et racinolâtres dont les écrits . . . ont permis de compiler ce répertoire . . . ." dont l'exemple suivant: "Passion—Toujours suivie de déstructrice."

SICK, FRANZISKA. "Dramaturgie et tragique de l'amour dans le théâtre de Racine." OeC 24.1 (1999), 75–94.

"Si l'on étudie la dramaturgie de Racine, il faut pourtant poser la question du rapport entre le sujet et la forme. Il faut, en d'autres termes, examiner de quelle façon Racine associe le sujet de l'amour au genre tragique, voire au tragique tout court. Racine n'intègre pas seulement un sujet nouveau—l'amour—dans un genre bien établi—la tragédie—, il écrit des tragédies d'amour au sens fort du terme, c'est-à-dire des pièces où l'amour est la source du tragique."

SPENCER, CATHERINE J. "Impasse du discours: Racine, Port-Royal et les signes." OeC 24.1 (1999), 181–192.

"Comment le texte racinien, oeuvre de langage s'il en est, travaille-t-il (sur) la représentation? et quel rapport a ce travail avec la réflexion sur le pouvoir qui sous-tend l'ensemble des tragédies?" S. propose une lecture de Bajazet "en parallèle avec la théorie du signe telle que la formulent les logiciens."

SWEETSER, MARIE-ODILE. "Les femmes dans la vie et l'oeuvre de Racine." OeC 24.1 (1999), 193–215.

S. tente "de montrer la diversité et la richesse des interprétations suscitées par un aspect important de la création racinienne, celle des personnages féminins, de Jocaste et Antigone à Athalie, la préminence des rapports de filiation, évidente d'un bout à l'autre de la carrière."

THEIS, LAURENT. "Du côté de Port-Royal." Le Point 1405 (1999), 71–72.

Brief history of Racine's relationship with Port-Royal, suitable for undergraduates.

TOBIN, RONALD W. Jean Racine Revisited. New York: Twayne, 1999.

Review: D. A. Collins in Choice 36.11/12 (1999), 1952–1953: "T.'s 'revisit' of Racine's life and work follows a format identical to its predecessor, Claude Abraham's Jean Racine..., in the same series. T. ... oft-published scholar on 17th-century French theater, produces what he modestly calls 'an accessible portrait of the dramatist,' enriched by a 'synthesis of Racine scholarship since ... 1977.' After a chronology, a biography, and a characterization of neoclassical French tragedy, the author devotes a chapter to each of Racine's 11 tragedies and one comedy. A brief conclusion, notes and references, and selected bibliography complete this eminently readable study. All quotes are in English and, when taken from the French, are T.'s own translations. He presents clear, rich analyses of all the plays; especially good is his discussion of Britannicus, where his cross-dipping into comic possibilities and comparison with sources suggest imaginative, multifaceted views of the tragedy.... T.'s is a first-rate piece of work worthy of any academic or public library."

RETZ

BERTIERE, SIMONE, ed. Mémoires, précédées de la Conjuration du Comte de Fiesque. Paris: Le livre de poche/Classiques Garnier, 1999.

Review: E. Pieiller in QL 766 (1999), 29: "Le remarquable travail de B. permet de se repérer dans les troubles de l'époque, de cerner la pensée politique de R., d'en apprécier ce que se déploie là d'arrogance mousquetaire, d'inquiétude janseniste, dans le cadre lucidement reconnu de Theatrum mundi. Lire R., c'est redonner sa vivacité et ses troubles au XVIIe siècle, c'est mettre dans une perspective nouvelle Corneille et Pascal, c'est une sacrée cure de jouvence."

ROTROU

VUILLEMIN, JEAN-CLAUDE, ed. L'Hypocondriaque ou le mort amoureux, tragi-comédie (1631). Geneva: Droz, 1999.

SAINT-AMANT

SILVER, SUSAN K. "Questioning Taste: Saint-Amant and the Poetic Grotesque." PFSCL 26 (1999), 159–173.

Study of two works of Saint-Amant, poet of the "grotesque": "Le Fromage" and "Le Melon" within the framework of early modern, and 20th century "théories du goût." "These stylistically complex food poems became textual monuments, serving to commemorate the poet's artistry while immortalizing his 'magnificent bad taste'."

TONOLO, SOPHIE. "La recherche esthétique dans la poésie de Saint-Amant." IL 51.2 (1999), 21–26.

Article discusses the influence of music, and especially painting, on Saint-Amant's literary aesthetic. Of particular concern to T. is Saint-Amant's "désir de plaire au lecteur par des effets visuels." Author emphasizes the "materialité de la langue," in defining the "volonté plastique" that shapes Saint-Amant's poesis. After discussing the seventeenth-century preference for "l'Expression et l'Invention" over the "Imitation de la Nature et des Anciens," T. highlights Saint-Amant's concept of "l'artiste comme un créateur indépendant" in the preface to Moyse Sauvé. Saint-Amant's aesthetic is closely tied to the ethos of fifteenth-century Italian painting as described by Alberti, who based his theory on the principles of "circonscription, composition, et distribution." Among the other key elements of the article are Saint-Amant's relationship with Poussin, as well as the choice of themes and genres which find expression both in Saint-Amant's lyric, and in Baroque painting.

SAINT AUGUSTINE

MAYER, CORNELIUS et al., eds. Augustinus-Lexikon. Volume I, Fascicles 5/6: Bellum — Civitas dei; 7/8: Civitas dei — Conversio. Basel: Schwabe&Co, 1992, 1994.

Review: Dom David Foster in DownR 116 (1998), 307–309: "Contributions here cover a wide range of materials archaeological and prosopographical, as well as offer introductions to works of Augustine and to his language and ideas."

ROTELLE, JOHN E., ed. The Confessions by Saint Augustine. Introduction, translation and notes byMaria Boulding. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1997.

Review: Dom David Foster in DownR 117 (1999), 75–77: Boulding "combines accuracy and facility in rendering into modern English Latin words which carry more than their fair share of loaded meaning" and "is concerned to mark the clear water between Augustine's emerging Christian experience of God and faith and the various other influences on him." Introduction deals with the conversion story as well as "the structure and nature of the work."

SAINT-EVREMOND

ANDRIVET, PATRICK. Saint-Evremond et l'histoire romaine. Orléans: Paradigme, 1998.

Review: L. Benatti in SFr 42 (1998), 568: A study of the historical aspects of the Réflexions sur les divers génies du peuple romain dans les divers temps de la république (c. 1665). Andrivet highlights the stylistic characteristics, descriptive strategies and the ideologies of the text. B. notes the large critical bibliography as being of special interest, as well as the exhaustive and critically rigorous notes at the conclusion of each chapter.

Review: Alain Niderst in PFSCL 26 (1999), 207–08: Niderst finds Andrivet's conclusions "fort intéressantes, acceptables dans leur ensemble, pas toujours aussi originales qu'on le croirait, auxquelles en tout cas on pouvait parvenir sans distribuer à droite et à gauche les coups de férule et sans nous entraîner dans une lecture suivie si longue et parfois si rude."

HOPE, QUENTIN. Saint-Evremond and His Friends. Geneva: Droz, 1999.

LEVINE, JOSEPH M. Between the Ancients and Moderns: Baroque Culture in Restoration England. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.

Contains major section on Saint-Evremond.

SAINT-SIMON

LE ROY LADURIE, EMMANUEL, with JEAN-FRANÇOIS FITOU. Saint-Simon, ou le Système de la cour. Paris: Fayard, 1997.

Review: R. Briggs in London Review of Books 20.23 (1998), 32–33: "[T]his is a characteristic Ladurie work — lively, discursive, engaging, sometimes a little rapid or allusive. Passages where he seems to be coasting along, relying on his enviable stylistic facility and sense for the telling detail, are suddenly interrupted by sharp original comments. He is particularly good at picking up the repeated contradictions in Saint-Simon's own thought, while avoiding any condescension at his expense.... I find the book's title puzzling, when it is more in the style of a collection of overlapping yet distinct studies; if there is a system of the Court presented it is a distinctly elusive one — the elements of a future synthesis rather than the thing itself: the single vision is lacking. Perhaps that is no bad thing.... It may well be that the whole notion of 'systems' is inappropriate in this context." Posits L.'s book as a corrective to N. Elias's The Court Society. "One great virtue of Le Roy Ladurie's recent work has been a much more detached attitude to the rulers and statesmen of the Ancien Régime, who are seen as fallible human beings doing their best in difficult circumstances, rather than as monsters of greed and egotism. This clever and attractive work treats Saint-Simon with indulgence, yet is never prepared to take him on trust. At the end we still don't quite know whether the Court had a system or not, but we are left with little excuse for allowing the wool to be pulled over our eyes about its denizens, even by so expert a practitioner of the deceptive arts as le petit duc."

STEFANOVSKA, MALINA. "Un voyeur à la cour de Louis XIV: curiosité et écriture dans les Mémoires de Saint-Simon. PFSCL 26 (1999), 289–298.

Communication delivered at the 1997 MLA convention conference on "La curiosité au XVIIe siècle." Introduction by Martine Debaisieux. Stefanovska's article studies Saint-Simon's opus as a collection of "curiosités historiques" and shows how the memorialist awakens the "curiosité" of the reader who thus becomes a spectator of the "singularités étranges" Saint-Simon had accumulated.

SCHOMBERG, JEANNE DE.

WINN, COLETTE H., ed. Règlement donné par une dame de haute qualité à M*** sa petite-fille, pour sa conduite, et pour celle de sa maison: avec un autre règlement que cette dame avoit dressé pour elle-mesme. Paris: Champion, 1997.

Review: N. Clerici Balmas in BHR 60.3 (1998), 893–94: "L'édition critique, très soignée, proposée par Colette H. Winn reproduit le texte de 1698, et respecte la division originale des chapitres. A la fin du volume, on trouve quelques poèmes de Jeanne de Schomberg, déjà inclus dans un recueil de vers publiés par le P. Bouhours en 1693, et une liste, très utile bien que non exhaustive, des ouvrages éducatifs à l'usage des femmes du XVIIe au XVIIIe siècle."

Review: C. Hampton in MLR 94.1 (1999), 198–99: "Jeanne de Schomberg, Duchesse de Liancourt (1600–74), was, as Colette Winn explains in her introduction to this edition, a prominent and admired figure within the seventeenth-century French court . . . ." The two Règlements were initially published in 1698 and republished five times to 1881. "Winn argues that this relative popularity is due to the unchanging tenor of texts celebrating the 'idéal féminin' over several centuries; she traces Jeanne de Schomberg's female standpoint, especially in relation to marriage, back to Christine de Pisan, and her attitudes to female education and motherhood through Erasmus and Vivès to seventeenth-century educators such as Fortin and Coustel."

Review: Valerie Worth-Stylianou in FS 52.4 (1998), 467–468: The Règlement(1698)was published 24 years after the death of its author, Jeanne de Schomberg. W. sets the work in its original context by drawing on her knowledge of seventeenth-century pedagogic treatises and devotional literature. She recognizes that the author is not a femme forte likely to appeal to latter-day feminists. Rather, the author seeks to inculcate traditionally 'feminine' Christian virtues. Subjects which are passed over in silence are illuminating. "All of this adds up to a valuable document for the social historian."

SCUDÉRY, GEORGES DE

PELLEGRINI, ROSA GALLI et CRISTINA BERNAZZOLI, eds. Georges de Scudéry, Alaric, ou Rome vaincue. Paris-Bari: Schena-Didier Erudition, 1998.

Review: Alain Niderst in PFSCL 26 (1999), 472–473: "...cette édition rendra de grands services et permettra en tout cas de mieux connaître la poésie héroïque française du XVIIe siècle si longtemps ignorée et méprisée."

SCUDERY, MADELEINE

DENIS, DELPHINE. La muse galante. Poétique de la conversation dans l'oeuvre de Madeleine de Scudéry. Paris: Champion, 1997.

Review: J.-P. Collinet in SFr 42 (1998), 567–8: C. congratulates the author on the success of what initially seemed a risky enterprise (a linguistic analysis of the numerous conversations in Mlle de Scudéry's oeuvres), although he notes that Denis's very "modern" analysis, far from questioning our understanding of Scudéry's work, merely serves to confirm the findings of earlier, more traditional studies. Still, he notes that Scudéry herself would be the first to applaud the sight of "une personne de son sexe [qui choisit] hardiment de se placer, pour l'étudier, à l'extrême pointe de la modernité pour ce qui regarde les recherches savantes sur des questions touchant à la littérature."

MORLET-CHANTALAT, CHANTAL. Bibliothèque des écrivains français: Madeleine de Scudéry. Rome-Paris: Mennini, 1997.

Review: R. Galli Pellegrini in SFr 42 (1998), 341–2: A "very precise and exhaustive bibliography", divided into 13 thematic sections which make it easy to consult. Morlet-Chantalat underlines in her introduction the problem of the attribution of the works and indicates that a joint bibliography might have been more appropriate.

MORLET-CHANTALAT, CHANTAL. Madeleine de Scudéry. Paris/Rome: Editions Memini, 1997.

Review: Nathalie Grande in RHL 99.1 (1999), 123–24: G. cites the need for this work by saying that before C.'s book, there had been no extensive bibliographical record of Madeleine de Scudéry's oeuvre. Part of the series entitled, "Bibliographie des écrivains français," the volume includes sections on manuscripts, editions, translations, and biographical studies. From a thematic standpoint, the book covers topics such as "sources, traditions, preciosity, and the feminine condition."

SEVIGNE, MADAME DE

PICH, EDGARD. Passion amoureuse et système épistolaire. Les débuts de la correspondance de Madame de Sévigné et sa fille. Lyon: ALDRUI.

Review: L. Benatti in SFr 42 (1998), 133–4: A systematic analysis of a very limited portion of the epistolary production of Mme de Sévigné. B. notes that the lack of a concluding chapter, while it does not limit the intrinsic value of the study, is disappointing to the reader.

MONFORT, CATHERINE R. and RIMA LANNING,. "Les méchancetés de Madame de Sévigné." PFSCL 26 (1999), 131–158.

Study of Sévigné's "folies", and of the various "méchancetés" found in the Correspondance; of the specific targets of this "méchanceté" (for example Bussy-Rabutin); and of the evolution of the author as to this specific aspect of her self-characterization.

RACEVSKIS, ROLAND. "Dynamics of Time and Postal Communication in Mme de Sévigné's Letters." PFSCL 26 (1999), 51–59.

The author studies the reform of the French postal system in the 1660's and 1670's and the correspondance of Mme de Sévigné, made possible by that very reform, in relation to each other. In doing so, he examines the modern construction of time and, ultimately, how the individual becomes subject to the institutions of the State.

ZOBERMAN, PIERRE. "Epistolarité et intertextualité: Madame de Sévigné et l'écriture de la lettre." DSS 200 (1998), 433–452.

Z. studies the intertextual network in which the Marquise's text is inscribed and demonstrates how the text derived meaning and constituted itself against other texts. Z. concludes that knowledge of this intertextual network is essential to reading the correspondance.

SOREL

MORGANTE, JOLE. Il libertinismo dissimulato. L'Histoire comique de Francion di Charles Sorel. Fasano: Schema Editore, 1996.

Review: Nathalie Grande in RHL (1999), 122: G. emphasizes the author's thesis that the 1623 version of the Histoire comique contains, "...[des] valeurs libertines qui auraient été gommées par les continuations de 1626 et 1633. Morgante focuses on variants in different editions and finds that, according to G., "tout en effaçant certains traits de vulgarité, les corrections que Sorel a apportées à son texte ont su néanmoins préserver sa portée libertine." The first part of the work looks at the "contenu libertin de la narration," while the second part examines "libertinage" as a "technique d'écriture."

Review: C. Rizza in SFr 42 (1998), 562–3: Morgante develops the work of previous critics such as J. Dejean, I. Bugliani, A. Adam and R. Pintard in order to examine in detail the originality of the polemical and libertine aspects of Francion.

SPINOZA

CHAMLA, MINO. Spinoza e il concetto delle tradizione ebraica. Milan: Franco Angeli, 1996.

Review: Adriano Palma in Isis 90 (1999), 593–94: Identifies all the strands, from distrust of literalism and legalism to orthodoxy, that link S. to the Jewish tradition. Without wanting to blunt the originality that defies restrictive thought, Chamla's intent appears to be to describe a complex dialectic within S.'s work between the traditions themselves and interpretation that ended up destroying them. Invaluable massive biblio.

GULLAN-WHUR, MARGARET. Within Reason: A Life of Spinoza. London: Cape, 1999.

Review: Frederick Beiser in TLS 5021 (25 June 1999), 4–5: The first complete, full-length biography in English. Uses archival material and is sensitive to S's Iberian, Jewish, and Dutch backgrounds. Foregrounds the personality. Makes interesting hypotheses to the extent that the biography is a "tour de force," a remarkable blend of imagination and erudition. Marred by some "political correctness point-scoring" (e.g. accusations of misogyny and intellectual narcissism) and a less than vigorous elaboration of the legacy. But a "great step forward."

NADLER, STEVEN. Spinoza: A Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Review: Frederick Beiser in TLS 5021 (25 June 1999), 4–5: Uses new archival material to illuminate especially S.'s place in the Marrano community in Amsterdam, before and after his exclusion. "Refuses to engage in intellectual biography" and disappointingly leaves aside questions of intellectual influences. But excellent situation of the Tractatus and its polemical context. Overall reveals a mastery of the philosophy and is a rewarding biographical advance over Daniel Levin's Spinoza (1970).

TRISTAN

BERREGARD, SANDRINE. "Le caractère autobiographique des Lettres meslées." CTH 21 (1999), 37–45.

Mise-au-point,of the problems involved in distinguishing the personal, autobiographical elements, from the purely social, conventional ones in the published letters. Generally, the letters afford the writer an "espace de parole," a place to denounce the servitude of court life and the "mécénat" and at the same time to hide behind the conventions it imposes.

BRAY, BERNARD. "Tristan L'Hermite, écrivain par lettres." CTH 21 (1999), 26–36.

In the contexts of published letters, since the 1620s, Bray places the two groups of literary epistles—love letters and "lettres héroïques" of the Lettres meslées: the former collection "detourne son lecteur de toute indulgence à l'égard des femmes, de toute faiblesse envers les séductions de 1'amour"; the latter "réussit à communiquer à son lecteur sa haute représentation de la dignité et de la noblesse d'âme dont sont capables les meilleurs des humains." In both appears "la 1iberté de l'écrivain."

CAHIERS TRISTAN L'HERMITE 21 (1999).

News of the Association des Amis and yearly biblio. Articles are entered spearately in this volume of French 17.

DESILES, EMMANUEL. "La dimension metalangagière du Page disgrâcié.' CTH 21 (1999), 17–24.

Careful and suggestive examination of the ways distance is established between the protagonist and his language. The text becomes an apprenticeship in language rather than its simple assumption.

ISRAEL, MARCEL. "Quand Isaac Du Ruyer saluait l'avénement de Tristan." CTH 21 (1999), 58–62.

Presentation of two sonnets not figuring in any study of Tristan by Isaac Du Ruyer (father of Pierre) in which the elderly poet generously praises T.'s beginnings. Du Ruyer, a "douanier," is represented as one of the few l7th-century poets whose nonliterary primary occupation nourished his "veine poetique."

PREVOST, JACQUES, ed. Le Page disgrâcié. Paris: Gallimard, 1998.

Review: Jean-Pierre Chauveau in CTH 21 (1991), 61: Expands the commentary of the editor's previous edition in the FolioClassique series (1994). The intertextuality established by inclusion of the text within this volume will enhance the individuality of T.'s prose and raise significant questions concerning the nature of the reasons for its inclusion in this company.

THIOLLET, CATHARINE. "Variations sur la disgrâce dans le Page disgrâcié de Tristan L'Hermite." CTH 21 (1999), 7–15.

Dense and highly suggestive examination of the ways in which T.'s narrative gives rise to allegorical value of the title's "disgrâcié" and by way of "aventures féminines" and especially "le jeu" emblematic in value for "le perdant."

TOURNON. ANNE. "La conception tristanienne de la justice dans les Plaidoyers historiques." CTH 21 (1999), 47–55.

Welcome analysis of this little-studied and difficult work in which T.'s retelling of his source dramatizes human interest, calls for the compassion of magistrates, and sets into conflict ambiguity and reticences of the language of the law and its mouthpieces in respect to the language of the pleadings. "Ce n'est pas la loi qui fonde la distinction du juste et de l'injuste, c'est la disposition naturelle à suivre le bien qui fonde la loi."

VIAU, THÉOPHILE DE.

SABA, GUIDO. Fortunes et infortunes de Théophile de Viau. Histoire de la critique suivie d'une bibliographie. Paris: Klincksieck, 1997.

Review: Jean-Pierre Chauveau in PFSCL 25 (1998), 621–622: "Nul doute que le monument d'érudition et d'attention patiente et éclairée que nous offre aujourd'hui Guido Saba ne contribue à relancer et à éclairer les études théophiliennes à venir."