FRENCH 17

• See French 17 (1996).

BURGIERE, ANDRE, JOSEPH GAY, MARIE JEANNE TITS DIEUAIDE, eds. L'histoire grande ouverte. Hommages à Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie. Paris: Fayard, 1998.

Review: Douglas Johnson in TLS 4961 (1 May 1998), 12: Some 60 articles divided according to Ladurie's wide interests. Includes the fairy Mélusine (Le Goff), Paris monuments (Agulhon) small towns (Weber), transformations of English values, 1660–1770 (L. Stone), surveys of economic history, geographers, doctors, widowhood, wars, absolutism, and carnivals.

CAMERON, KEITH and ELIZABETH WOODBROUGH, eds. Ethics and Politics in Seventeenth Century France: Essays in Honour of Derek A. Watts. Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1996.

Review: Boris Donné in RHL 98.1 (1998), 146–47: Reviewer welcomes the homage volume, citing Derek Watts's numerous accomplishments. The first part of the work focuses on "l'éthique de l'action," and contains articles "sur les grands débats éthiques et politiques qui traversent l'histoire du siècle." The second part, dealing with, "la politique du théâtre," centers on seventeenth-century drama, and contains articles on Corneille, Tristan L'Hermite, Quinault, and Racine.

CARIOU, ANDRE et PHILIPPE LE STUM. Pardons et pèlerinages de Bretagne. Rennes: Ouest-France, 1997.

Review: BCLF 597 (1998), 1339: Deux spécialistes de la culture et de l'art bretons étudient l'histoire des pardons bretons qui "prennent leur plein essor et toutes leurs caractéristiques" au XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles.

CARRIER, HUBERT. Les muses guerrières. Les Mazarinades et la vie littéraire au milieu du XVIIe siècle. Paris: Klincksieck, 1996.

Review: François Moureau in BB (1997), 182–84: From the great number and diversity of materials, author skillfully shows the tendencies toward modernity, in style especially, as in directness of expression, use of genres, that exists in tension with the conservative and traditional literary exercises in the service of ideology.

CHADGZOY, KATE, et al., eds. Women: Gender and sexuality in Early Modern Writing. Edinburg: Edinburg University Press, 1998.

CHAPLIN, PEGGY. "Changing Colours Changing Times." SCFS 19 (1997), 199–209.

Original article, of use in many contexts, tracing the "hierarchy of textile colors and their evolution in the reign of Louis XIV." After some valuable considerations, on differences between painters' colors and those of drapers' dyes, problems of perceptions now of color, research is centered on the 317 recommendations for correct uses of dye by Colbert's chemists for the standardizing regulation of 1671. A table of the five basic colors, combining into shades, is followed by discussion of the values attached to this vestimentary spectrum.

CHARTIER, ROGER. Die kulturellen Ursprünge der Französischen Revolution. Frankfurt am Main: Editions de la Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, 1995.

Review: P. Fuchs in HZ 264 (1997), 495–97: Reviewer finds certain unexpected aspects and relations interesting for the new light C. shines on them, but, unfortunately, there are, as well, many errors of translation from the original 1990 French version. 17th c. scholars will find helpful C.'s treatment of origins of the Revolution as far back as Louis XIII's 1614 lit de justice, the salons, the secret societies, etc. C. warns against causality and tracks down misunderstood continuities.

CHAUVEAU, JEAN-PIERRE. Lire le Baroque. Paris: Dunod, 1997.

Review: Nathalie Grande in RHL 98.2 (1998), 290: Favorable review in which G. states, "Cet ouvrage, qui s'inscrit dans une collection s'adressant aux étudiants de lettres, remplit parfaitement son objectif en proposant une synthèse rapide mais précise, et une réflexion alerte sur une notion dont la vogue ... a obscurci le sens en même temps qu'elle la popularisait." The first chapter deals with twentieth-century perceptions of the baroque, while the second chapter looks at the movement's sociological, ideological, and aesthetic characteristics. The third chapter examines the literature of the period. Reviewer also praises what she calls the work's "importantes annexes," such as biographical and bibliographical notices.

CHAUVIN ET OLIVIER, FRANÇOISE. "Les tribulations de 'La Madeleine'." Le Point 1345 (1998), 42.

Article recounts the sale of an unidentified painting for 1000 francs to a dealer who then sold it to an amateur collector. The collector asked the dealer to clean and restore it, at which time it was discovered to be a painting by Georges de La Tour. The dealer then absconded with the painting to the United States, where he sold it to an American collector. When the French buyer pressed his case against the dealer, an American judge ruled the painting jointly owned by both the French and American buyers. The painting was eventually returned to France and sold at auction.

CHILDS, ELIZABETH C., ed. Suspended License: Censorship and the Visual Arts. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997.

Review: A. J. Wharton in Choice 35.8 (1998), 1363: "This collection records 12 episodes of censorship in the visual arts. Their subjects range from the 16th to the 20th century."

CHOQUETTE, LESLIE. Frenchmen Into Peasants: Modernity and Tradition in the Peopling of French Canada. Cambridge/London: Harvard University Press, 1997.

Review: M. J. Green in SubStance 27.1 (1998), 135–137: A "challenge to longstanding stereotypes about the settlement of New France... C.'s title evokes a strange vision of modern, urban Frenchmen being somehow transformed into Quebec's peasants when, of course, we all know that the people who crossed the seas to Canada were peasants to begin with, and pious ones to boot, good country folk who were driven from la belle France by the famine conditions of the ancien régime. This sort of mythology has been fostered not only by the Québecois themselves... but also by right wing Frenchmen of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.... Sifting through massive volumes of surviving historical records, C. patiently exposes the inaccuracy of the Quebec peasant myth ... tracing the regional and social origins of the French emigrants of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, she demonstrates that, although they came from an overwhelmingly peasant based France, the majority of those who left for Canada were ... artisans and laborers.... In her survey of the immigrants' origins, C. leads her reader on a fascinating tour of various French regions in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, presenting a picture of French life that is, again, more diversified than the typical stereotypes of the ancien régime.... The portrait C. paints of seventeenth and eighteenth century France is one of constant movement from country to city—as well as the often circular itineraries of soldiers and artisans engaged in the tour de France.... Gender is... a category that C. takes quite seriously, showing that, in the absence of the substantial patterns of familial emigration that were more common in the English North American colonies, male and female immigrants constituted very separate immigration streams, many young women having been recruited for the colony in the later years of the seventeenth century as filles à marier...." C.'s sample population includes "all those soldiers, colonial administrators, short term indentured servants who left France for a stay of some duration in Canada, seventy percent of whom ultimately went back home."

COHEN, SELMA JEANNE et al., eds. International Encyclopedia of Dance: A Project of Dance Perspectives Foundation, Inc. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Review: E. B. Nibley in Choice 35.11/12 (1998), 1830: "The coverage is truly international, and although the editors do not claim to have been exhaustive, the encyclopedia includes historical surveys, analytical essays, theories, methodologies, personalities, music, costume, scene design, film, companies, and much more.... The entries are arranged alphabetically, but the classified 'Synoptic Outline of Contents' is the best place to begin to find a path in this weave of information about peoples and rituals; about folk, traditional, popular, festival, historical, ancient, modern, and theatrical dance; and about research, publication and criticism."

CONRAD, LAWRENCE I., et al. The Western Medical Tradition: 800 BC to AD 1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Review: D.M. Carrara in RenQ 50 (1997), 1265–66: Praised for its excellence and accuracy, the volume surveys western medical tradition from antiquity to the 19th c. Chapter 6, authored competently by Andrew Wear, examines medicine in early modern Europe from 1500 to 1700. Chronological tables, thorough bibliography and indices.

CROIX, ALAIN and JEAN QUENIARD, Histoire culturelle de la France, 2: De la Renaissance à l'aube des Lumières. Paris: Seuil, 1997.

CROPPER, ELIZABETH and CHARLES DEMPSEY. Nicolas Poussin: Friendship and the Love of Painting. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.

Review: J. Snow-Smith in RenQ 50 (1997), 312–13: Praiseworthy as a highly successful "total reassessment of the artist and his paintings placed within the broader consideration of his abstract thematic concepts of both style and subject in the intellectual climate of early to mid-seventeenth century Rome." Treats influences, aesthetic milieu and is particularly meritorious for its "analytical approach to many illuminating parallels between the arts." Chapters focus on important persons in P.'s life from Italian patrons and friends to Montaigne, Ovid, and Virgil.

DAVIS, NATHALIE ZEMON. Juive, catholique, protestante: Trois femmes en marge au XVIIe siècle. Paris: Seuil, 1997.

Review: M. Bouyssy in QL 739 (1997), 22: "L'intérêt du livre est de reconstituer simultanément des démarches autant que des itinéraires ... [Davis tente] de comprendre l'espace de la liberté tel que l'induisent, à la marge, des mondes culturels déterminants, des villes et des religions qui sont aussi porteurs d'idéa types par où peuvent se recomposer les pratiques convenues. Le détail des us et coutumes évoqués croise alors la démarche de confession et de regard retrospectif porté sur ces vies par leurs héroïnes." The three women in question are: Gluckel von Hameln (1645–1724), Marie Guyart, later Marie de l'Incarnation (1600–1672) and Maria Sibylla Merian (1647–1717).

DAVIS, NATHALIE ZEMON. Women on the Margins: Three Seventeenth-Century Lives. Cambridge, Mass/London: Harvard University Press, 1995.

Review: A.J. Schutte in RenQ 50 (1997), 347–49: Praised as "a marvelous read," for its lucidity and eloquence, D.'s study "charts the intersection of public and private" in three women of which one is the Ursuline in New France, known for her religious and educational efforts among the Amerindians. S. finds the section on Marie less successful (S. calls for more thorough attention to the question of language acquisition and M.'s vocation itself) than those on the other women.

Review: H. Watanabe-O'Kelly in MLR 92 (1997), 1018–19: Exploration of the lives and writing of Gluckel von Hameln (1647–1724), Maria Sibylla Merian (1647–1717), and Marie de l'Incarnation : "Zemon Davis shows how and why women wrote, if and how they acquired education, and what role religion played in their lives."

DEAN, TREVOR and K.J.P. LOWE, eds. Marriage in Italy, 1300–1650. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Review: J. T. Rosenthal in Choice 35.11/12 (1998), 208: "Any reader with an interest in marriage as an historical institution should find much of value in these wide-ranging case studies."

DELMAS, CHRISTIAN et FRANÇOISE GEVREY, éds. Nature et culture à l'âge classique, XVIe–XVIIIe siècles. Toulouse: Presses Universitaires du Mirail, 1997.

Review: BCLF 598–99 (1998), 1442: Actes de la journée d'étude du Centre de recherches "Idées, thèmes et formes 1580–1789", Toulouse (France), 25 mars 1996. Les huit articles de cet ouvrage, "fatalement fort incomplet," permettent "néanmoins de mettre, une fois de plus, en lumière cette paradoxale association de la 'nature' et de la 'culture' dans la France d'ancien régime."

DRESCHER, SEYMOUR and STANLEY L. ENGERMAN, eds. A Historical Guide to World Slavery. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Review: E. R. Papenfuse in Choice 35.11/12 (1998), 99: "[T]his valuable guide features in-depth essays by 100 established scholars on five continents... D. and E.'s specially commissioned collection ... is organized geographically and illuminates the 'impact of mass cumulative social processes and unintended consequences rather than individual events or persons'." "[S]ophisticated conceptual and historiographic analyses."

DUBOST, JEAN FRANÇOIS. La France italienne, XVIe–XVIIe siècle. Paris: Aubier, 1998. Preface byDaniel Rache.

DUCHENE, JACQUELINE. Henriette d'Angleterre, duchesse d'Orléans. Paris: Fayard, 1996.

Review: Roger Mattam in the TLS 4892 (3 Jan. 1997), 31: "Captures the flavor of life at the French court," but provides few insights into the mind of Henriette, "largely because of the small number of personal letters extant from her voluminous correspondence and the absence of direct documentation of the part she played in diplomatic affairs."

• See French 17 (1996).

DUMOULIN, JACQELINE. Le Consulat d'Aix-en-Provence. Enjeux politiques 1598–1692. Dijon: Editions universitaires de Dijon, 1992.

Review: A. Vandenbulcke in RBPH 74 (1996), 987–88: "Cette étude s'articule autour de deux thèmes: l'autonomie électorale aixoise aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles et les conséquences de la progression de l'absolutisme royal en Provence au XVIIe siècle sur ces élections."

DUPLESSIS, ROBERT S. Transitions to Capitalism in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Review: J. P. McKay in Choice 35.9 (1998), 1550: "This intelligent survey reconsiders European economic development from the late medieval period to the dawn of modern industrialization. Incorporating a large body of research from the last two decades, the author offers a nuanced picture of agricultural and industrial change that stresses regional variations, capitalistic markets, and systems of labor relations. Economic analysis is used sparingly but effectively. The unifying focus on demand as a driving or restraining factor in development, depending on different regional patterns of consumption and class relationships, is sound.... Many findings are rather standard, but the author provides specialist quality insights on many topics... [T]he extensive chapter bibliographies are excellent."

DUROO Paul. The Academy and the Limits Of Painting in Seventeenth Century France. Cambridge: CUP, 1998.

FAVIER, JEAN. Paris, deux mille ans d'histoire. Paris: Fayard, 1997.

Review: A. Zavriew in RDM (novembre 1997), 187–88: "C'est d'une géographie d'abord qu'il s'agit. Le plus difficile dans la tâche de l'auteur est de dresser le portrait physique de la ville dans les âges successifs, la topographie mouvante de Paris de siècle en siècle."

FOISIL, MADELEINE. L'enfant Louis XIII. L'éducation d'un roi (1601–1617). Paris: Perrin, 1998.

Review: Charles Teisseyre in RHEF 84 (1998),186: "Remarquablement bien informé" this study by the editor of the first complete edition of the sovereign's physician's journal (Héroard, 1989) and covering up to the time of the execution of Concini seems to be the definitive study., Good introductory chapter on Héroard.

FORCE, PIERRE. "Self-Love, Identification, and the Origin of Political Economy." YFS 92 (1997), 46–64.

F. draws on the work of seventeenth and eighteenth-century authors—Descartes, La Rochefoucauld, Arnauld, Nicole, Diderot, Rousseau, Adam Smith— to provide an historical sketch of the philosophical notion of "identification" as distinct from pity and sympathy.

FRANTIS, WAYNE. Looking at l7th Century Dutch Art: Realism Reconsidered. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

FRUHE NEUZEIT-REVOLUTION-EMPIRE 1500–1815. Francia 18, 2. Paris/Sigmaringen: Deutsches Historisches Institut/Thorbecke, 1992.

Review: M. Galand in RBPH 74 (1996), 961: "Le volume 18.2 de la revue Francia, consacré aux Temps modernes, la Revolution et l'Empire, présente une série d'articles variés, suivis de nombreux comptes rendus . . . ." Voir la contribution de B. Bernard qui "analyse l'oeuvre de Charles Perrault, Les Hommes illustres, dans le contexte de la politique scientifique prônée par Colbert au XVIIe siècle."

GASCOIGNE, BAMBER. Milestones in Colour Printing, 1457–1859: With a Bibliography of Nelson Prints. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Review: J. Bidwell in Choice 35.7 (1998), 1178: "Survey of early color printing technology." Covers primarily 15th, 18th- and 19th-century printing.

GAZE, DELIA. Dictionary of Women Artists. London/Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997.

Review: K. S. Esau in Choice 35.7 (1998), 1165–1166: "This well-conceived biographical dictionary covers women artists working in the Western tradition from the Middle Ages through the mid-20th century. Each of the 600 entries, arranged in alphabetical order, provides biographical information, a list of exhibitions, a bibliography, a signed essay by a specialist, and, in most cases, a black and white illustration. Twenty introductory surveys on topics ranging from amateur artists to training and professionalism help place the individual entries in historical context.... A general bibliography, a chronological list of the artists, and information on the contributors increase this resource's usefulness."

GIRAUD, YVES, ed. L'image de la Madeleine du XVe au XIX siècles. Actes du colloque de Fribourg (31 mai-2 juin, 1990) Fribourg: Editions universitaires, 1996.

Review: Yvette Quenot in RHL 98.1 (1998), 134–35: Favorable review of book which Q. calls "une riche moisson d'informations, un brassage d'idées fécondes." Issues examined include theology, morality, the role of the legend, and the popular cult of Mary-Magdalene. Most articles deal with the image of the Madeleine in France, Italy, and Spain of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Among the French seventeenth-century figures covered are François de Sales, J-P Camus, and Georges de La Tour.

GOFFMAN, DANIEL. Britons in the Ottoman Empire, 1642–1660. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1998.

Review: W. B. Robison III in Choice 35.11/12 (1998), 196: "G. ... uses extensive research in British and Turkish archives to provide a balanced, clear account of a neglected subject." Topics include the "rivalry for eastern Mediterranean trade among the English, French, and the Dutch."

GOLDMAN, ELIZABETH and DENA GOODMAN, eds. Going Public: Women and Publishing in Early Modern France. Ithaca/London: Cornell University Press, 1995.

Review: Boris Donné in RHL 98.1 (1998), 151: Reviewer states that the work meets its stated aim, to "approfondir le débat féministe international [dans] des ouvrages sur tous aspects de la théorie féministe et de la pratique textuelle." Contributions include analyses of memoirs, the re-reading of the "Querelle des Anciens et de Modernes," the letter, fairy tales, and the novel. The last section discusses the status of women authors in the seventeenth-century, and underscores the challenges and risks of publication.

GORDON, DANIEL. "The City and the Plague in the Age of Enlightenment." YFS 92 (1997), 67–87.

"This inquiry supposes that plague literature crystallized as a counterpoint to Enlightenment discourse, rather than as a direct response to physical hardships or as the enlargement of an earlier literary tradition. More precisely, the threat of contagious epidemics acquired a deeper signifying power within a city premised not on political independence and will (the classical 'polis') but on prosperity and sociability (the Enlightenment 'cosmopolis')." Tableau of the city of Marseilles which served as the focus of plague literature.

GOUBERT, PIERRE. Le siècle de Louis XIV: études. Paris: Fallois, 1996.

Review: R.J. Knecht in TLS 4892 (3 Jan. 1997), 31: Collective essays include some previously unpublished. Part I on provincial society, its structure, mobility, and its wealth; Part II, Louis XIV and his court. Especially interesting on the resilience of the nobility and the limits of absolutism. Both proponents of a "crisis" theory of the 17th century and marxist interpreters are "trounced."

GUDE, MARY LOUISE. "Les Dames de la Charité and the Creation of the Paris General Hospital." CdDS 7.1 (Spring 1997), 23–30.

Article deals with Vincent de Paul and his association with both the "Filles" and the "Dames de la Charité," benevolent organizations of wealthy women whose work with the poor in Paris led to the development of a general hospital in the capital, as well as a number of other charitable projects throughout France. The rise of this group encouraged the creation of public assistance programs, and began the process of separation between church and state.

GUERMES, SOPHIE, éd. Le vin et l'encre. La littérature française et le vin du XIIIe au XXe siècle. Bordeaux: Mollat, 1997.

Review: BCLF 596 (mai 1998), 1159: L'auteur "nous présente une anthologie de la littérature française consacrée aux vins du XIIIe à nos jours, particulièrement riche et au titre fort amoureusement choisi." Absence de toute bibliographie.

HAENTJENS, CLAIRE. "Dentelle." Compte rendu d'une exposition de costumes de scène au Musée des Beaux-Arts et de la Dentelle à Alençon. Le Point 1346 (1998), 101.

"Plus de 30 costumes de scène du répertoire classique, lyrique, en passant par la comédie et le ballet." Includes costumes from Le Misanthrope.

HAINSWORTH, ROGER. The Swordsmen in Power: War and Politics under the English Republic, 1649–1660. Thrupp/Stroud/Gloucestershire: Sutton, 1997.

Review: K. R. DeVries in Choice, 35.2 (1997), 360: A study of Cromwell and his officers, known as the Swordsmen, who accomplished a great deal during this brief period, "mostly by extending their military might and the victorious practices of their New Model Army into conflict with the Irish, Scots, Dutch, Spanish, and French."

HALL, BERT S. Weapons and Warfare in Renaissance Europe: Gunpowder, Technology, and Tactics. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997.

Review: W. L. Urban in Choice 35.3 (1997), 554: "Hall challenges several assumptions about 'the gunpowder revolution' and 'the military revolution' of the 16th century. He sees improvements in the manufacture of gunpowder as the key element in allowing artillery to live up to some of its earlier promise.... Hall argues [that] artillery changed warfare, but ... not in a steady, incremental manner; the major changes appeared only in the 17th century."

HANLON, GREGORY. The Twilight of a Military Tradition: Italian Aristocrats and European Conflicts, 1560–1800. London: UCL Press, 1998.

Review: R. H. Larson in Choice 35.11/12 (1998), 208: "H. argues that Italian political and social elites had a well-established military tradition in the 16th century that was widely recognized and respected throughout Europe, and that it declined only in the late 17th century as those elites lost interest in military careers when customary opportunities for military service at home and abroad disappeared. H. demonstrates this through a detailed narrative of European military history of the period,... [H]is account of military operations is done with considerable skill and provides an interesting 'Italian perspective' on the highly complex struggles of the European powers from the 16th to the 18th centuries."

HARRIS, JOHN M. A History of Music for Harpsichord or Piano and Orchestra. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 1997.

Review: S. Glickman in Choice 35.6 (1998), 999: "Encompassing music from the Baroque through the mid 20th century, and including more than 3,700 famous and less well known composers from Europe, North and South America, Oceania, and Asia, each chapter of this pioneering volume includes the music of women composers."

HAUDRERE, PHILIPPE, éd. Les flottes des Compagnies des Indes, 1600–1857. Actes des Ves journées franco-britanniques d'histoire de la marine tenues à Lorient (France), 4–6 mai 1994. Vincennes: Service historique de la marine, 1996.

Review: BCLF 598–99 (1998), 1597: "Un ensemble de communications un peu inégal, mais comportant plusieurs excellentes études, rigoureusement fondées sur les sources et apportant des clartés nouvelles."

HICKEY, DANIEL. Local Hospitals in Ancien Régime France: Rationalization, Resistance, Renewal, 1530–1789. Montreal: McGill Queen's University Press, 1997.

Review: R. W. Mackey in Choice 35.1 (1997), 205: "Using recently developed historical themes rising out of new approaches to history, the Catholic Reformation, gender history and absolutism, Hickey shows how eight small town and rural hospitals successfully withstood centralizing and urbanizing assaults through defiance to intervention, resistance to changes, and continuation of old structures under new forms... [E]verywhere in France many new female nursing and charitable organizations, within and outside the cloister, placed new divisions of labor and authority for both sexes in these fields. Both found difficulty with welfare measures promoted by royal absolutists intent on centralizing and urbanizing hospitals up to 1750, and with the mixtures of the ill, the poor, and the vagabonds."

HOFMANN, CATHERINE, et al. Le globe et son image. Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale de France, 1995.

Review: S. Sider in RenQ 50 (1997), 1249–51: Recommended for students of art history and the Renaissance, this volume documents the BN's 1995 spring exhibition on the subject. Praised for its elegance and organization, the volume focuses on the theme of empire "linked through time by images of the globe." 17th c. scholars will appreciate the examination of globes as political status symbols, and will value explanations of specific symbols such as Louis XIV's "globe fleurdelisé."

IMDAHL, MAX. Couleur: les écrits des peintres français de Poussin à Delaunay. Trans.François Laroche. Paris: Eds. de la Maison des Sciences de l'hommer, 1997. Preface byMichel Pastourneau.

ISRAEL, JONATHAN I. Conflicts of Empires: Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585–1713. London: Hambledon Press, 1998.

Review: S. H. Burkholder in Choice 35.10 (1998), 1777: "The book's broad title aptly describes the source of European turmoil during much of the 17th century, and it also reflects the author's efforts to lend coherence to an eclectic collection. Similarly, the introduction and more or less chronological presentation reveal a struggle to link diverse subject areas. Two main points, discernible in the introduction, emerge in a handful of essays: the Low Countries were at the center of Spain's attempt to survive the 'conflict,' and the ultimate displacement of Spanish hegemony was not a forgone or foreseen conclusion in the eyes of European contemporaries."

KELLEY, DONALD R. The Writing of History and the Study of Law. Aldershot: Variorum, 1997.

Review: P. Gill in BHR 60.2 (1998), 602–03: "Ce second recueil d'articles de D. Kelley (après History, Law, and the Human Sciences. Medieval and Renaissance perspectives, Variorum, 1984) regroupe quatorze études publiées entre 1971 et 1995. Regroupées en trois thèmes (Early Modern History; Modern History; History and the Law), elles rappellent, si besoin était, l'importance des écrits de l'historien américain, tant dans le domaine de l'historiographie de la période moderne que dans l'étude du rôle et de la place des juristes à la même époque." Kelley "s'est intéressé particulièrement à cette historiographie protestante des XVIe–XVIIe siècles, comme l'atteste son étude sur l'interprétation réformée de la Saint-Barthélemy . . . ."

KELLY, DONALD R., ed. History and the Disciplines: The Reclassification of Knowledge in Early Modern Europe. Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 1997.

KELLY, VAN. "The Play of Utopia and Dystopia: Mindscape and Landscape in Descartes and Poussin." EMF 4 (1998), 125–64.

Author will "reconsider how Poussin's landscapes and Descartes' systematic philosophy respond to concepts of marginality as much as to idealization, in the thought that this will perhaps nuance the comparison of a philosopher and a painter whose works are often seen at least as 'parallel and related phenomena'." K. examines "Descartes' Discours de la méthode, his youthful 'dream,' and his Principes de la philosophie,' then "shift[s] emphasis to Poussin's 'Phocion ensemble'."

KINTZINGER, MARION. Chronos und Historia. Studien zur Titelblattikonographie historiographischer Werke vom 16. bis zum 18. Jahrhundert. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1995.

Review: M. Völkel in HZ 264 (1997), 751–53: Praiseworthy as an excellently annotated inventory of historiographical title pages of the 16–18th c. (some 340 are analyzed for their iconographical contribution). Chapters on history of title pages, their development and function. Reviewer indicates certain cautions, such as the fact that the title page often reflects the perspective of the publisher rather than the author.

KIVELSON, VALERIE A. Autocracy in the Provinces: The Muscovite Gentry and Political Culture in the Seventeenth Century. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996.

Review: G. E. Snow in Choice 35.1 (1997), 189: Presents the "social, cultural, and political development of the gentry ... of the Vladimir Suzdal region of 17th century Moscovite Russia as paradigmatic of the entire class." Includes comparisons to models in Western Europe.

KLEIN, LAWRENCE E. "The Figure of France: The Politics of Sociability in England, 1660–1715." YFS 92 (1997), 30–45.

"This essay investigates the ideological setting in which sociability rose to prominence in English discourse, setting in motion the train of thinking that led forward from Shaftsbury, Addison, and Steele, along one track, to Hutcheson and Hume in Britain and, along another, to Marivaux and Diderot in France."

KNAPP, BETTINA L. Women, Myth, and the Feminine Principle. Albany: State University of New York, 1998.

Review: J. de Luce in Choice 35.8 (1998), 1365: K. "examines seven stories including ... Racine's Phaedra.... The author urges readers to make 'connections' between these traditional stories and their own lives. In spite of its exciting potential, this book ... frustrates expectations. K. fails to describe adequately what her primarily Jungian approach entails or to apply that theory with consistent sophistication or thoroughness.... A reader already well versed in world mythology, myth theory, and feminist criticism will find some useful and challenging ideas."

L'ENCYCLOPEDIE DE L'ART. Paris: Editions de la Martinière, 1997.

Review: J. Pierrard in Le Point 1316 (1997), 132: "Brillantissime et savantissime.... Tout ou presque tout se trouve dans cette encyclopédie, avec une précision, un sens de l'actualité qui laissent pantois. Toujours parfaitement clair, l'ouvrage s'adresse ... à un public disposant déjà de quelques notions. Mais le sens de la synthèse, l'articulation originale des chapitres, la richesse, la vivacité des textes éclatés autour d'une illustration pertinente rendent cet ouvrage indispensable."

LACHIVER, MARCEL. Dictionnaire du monde rural. Paris: Fayard, 1997.

Review: Yves Stavridès in L'Express 2413 (2 Oct. 1997), 72: Appreciative evaluation of the scope of this reference work, extending to the 17th century by the author of Les Années de misère: la famine du temps du Grand Roi, accompanied by an interview with the author that charts his life-long preoccupation with the language of rural life and its etymologies.

LACOUR-VEYRANNE, CHARLOTTE. Les petits métiers à Paris au XVIIe siècle. Catalogue des oeuvres représentant les métiers à Paris aux XVIIe siècle, prés. dans le cadre de l'exposition "Paris et les Parisiens au temps du Roi-Soleil," musée Carnavalet, Paris, 5 nov. 1997–18 janvier 1998. Paris: Paris-Musées, 1997.

Review: BCLF 598–99 (1998), 1597–98: "L'ensemble est fort intéressant et donne une excellente idée de ce qu'était la vie quotidienne dans les rues de Paris au XVIIe siècle. Il complète les témoignages des mémorialistes et des poètes."

LADURIE, EMMANUEL LEROY. L'historien, le chiffre et le texte. Paris: Fayard, 1998.

Review: Douglas Johnson in TLS 4961 (1 May 1998), 12: Dazzling collection of essays, some conveniently rescued from more obscure places of first publication, showing the versatility and accomplishment of the historian. Includes essays on the history of the book, taxes on salt, silver mining and coinage, deserted peasant villages, linguistic minorities, and the introduction written for Colin Jones's Cambridge Illustrated History of France. Reviewer gives insightful outline of Ladurie's development as an historian.

LADURIE, EMMANUEL LE ROY. The Ancien Regime: A History of France, 1610–1774. Trans.Mark Greengrass. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997.

Review: David Parket in TLS 4889 (13 Dec. 1996), 9: Appreciative but sharply critical evaluation questioning, over this long period, a "mostly optimistic flavour assuming overall that centralization and the growth of a fiscal machine were ipso facto modern and that economic growth was an effect of state intervention (at mid-17th century, e.g., when a generalized depression is denied but Colbert's policy of recovery is celebrated)." Research by Bergin and Dessert on financial structures' self-destructiveness is simply set aside. A number of such inconsistencies are identified.

LAWRENCE, CYNTHIA, ed. Women and Art in Early Modern Europe: Patrons, Collectors, and Connoisseurs. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997.

Review: L.R.N Ashley in BHR 59 (1997), 667: Anthology resulting from a conference on "Matronage: Women as Patrons and Collectors of Art, 1300–1800" at Temple University (20 April 1990). "This book splendidly covers female patronage of the art and architecture, particularly of public buildings such as chapels and churches, from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century."

• See French 17 (1997).

LESPAGNOL, ANDRE. Messieurs de Saint-Malo. Une élite négociante au temps de Louis XIV. T. I et II. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 1997.

Review: BCLF 598–99 (1998), 1598–99: Réédition (1990, L'Ancre de marine). "C'est à partir de cette très vaste documentation (comprenant notamment des rôles d'armement, des registres de capitation, des actes notariés, des fragments de comptabilités marchandes, etc.) que cet intrépide chercheur a pu reconstituer et comprendre ce que furent Saint-Malo et son élite négociante lors de leur apogée. En outre, ce livre permet de mieux connaître à la fois la France de Louis XIV et le grand commerce européen des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles."

LESSAY, FRANCK. Le débat Locke-Filmer. Avec la traduction du Patriarche et du Premier traité du Gouvernement civil. Paris: PUF, 1998.

Review: L. Arénilla in QL 742 (1998), 24–25: "A partir d'un débat sur une contestation successorale ponctuelle, cet ouvrage, par une recherche de datation, de manuscrits et de leur publication, éclaire un des temps forts de l'histoire des institutions anglaises et de la philosophie politique." The debate regards the successor to Charles Ier, who was childless and whose brother, the Duke of York, was Catholic.

LESTRINGANT, FRANK et al., eds. Guillaume Chenu de Caglezac, sieur de Laujardière, relation d'un voyage à côté des Cafres (1686–89). Paris: Les Editions de Paris, 1996.

Review: Marcel Ducasse in BSHPF 143 (1997), 295–96: Movingly simple account of the stay with the "Xhosa" of southern Africa of an 18-year-old Huguenot boy waylaid on his escape to the New World by storms and pirates. An English translation appeared in 1991 by Randolph Vigne and published in Cape Town by the Van Riebeeck Society (See BSHPF 143 (1997), 293–94).

LIPOVETSKY, GILLES. La troisième femme. Paris: Gallimard, 1997.

Review: L. Ferry in Le Point 1313 (1997), 122–123: "L'interprétation de L. ... remonte le fil de l'histoire jusqu'au XIIe siècle.... [Selon lui] Ce qui sous tend le surinvestissement féminin du sentiment amoureux est non seulement compatible avec l'idéal d'autonomie moderne, mais sans cesse renforcé par lui .... L'histoire des codes amoureux révèle moins la soumission que l'émancipation du féminin, jusque dans la survivance des rôles apparemment traditionnels."

LOIRE, STEPHANE. Ecole italienne, XVIIe siècle. T. I: Bologne. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 1996.

Review: BCLF 597 (1998), 1387: "Publié sur fonds de recherche du ministère de la Culture, cet ouvrage constitue le premier tome d'un recensement général, un second devant prochainement traiter des foyers régionaux mineurs. Grand amateur de la production contemporaine, Louis XIV suit l'exemple de la 'collectionnité' italienne inaugurée par Mazarin, mais en lui conférant sa patte et ses préférences, une orientation non poursuivie par Louis XV, davantage porté vers les production nationales."

LYNN, JOHN A. Giant of the Grand Siècle: The French Army, 1610–1715. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Review: G. P. Cox in Choice 35.6 (1998), 1056–1057: "An institution that numbered up to 400,000 souls, in a society of 20 million French citizens, that 'ate a mountain of bread and drank a river of wine at every meal' would seem 'self-evidently important.' Yet the army of Louis XIV has remained an 'invisible giant,' ignored by most historians. Thanks to L. ... the giant is invisible no longer. This magnificent new study is at once a superb analysis of that army's components, a provocative foray into some of the most intersting and important questions being argued in military history, and an outstanding reference work. Grounding his study in the massive French military archival collections and the most important secondary literature, L. asserts the evolutionary (vice revolutionary) nature of the army's development. Giant captures not only the 'nuts and bolts' of the army but also its ethos: its ideas, beliefs, motivations. From a discussion of women's role in the army, to dueling, and to the requirement for aristocratic officers, this work is encyclopedic, unfailingly interesting, and beautifully researched and well-written."

Review: Roger Mettam in TLS 4968 (19 June 1998)o 10: A blend of original research and judicious synthesis that traces an evolution of the army from Louis XIII to the enormous military forces of the Nine Years' War, when Louis XIV's army was at its height. Similarly, resists adulation of Louvois. Practical advances, related to contemporary attitudes, social and geographic origins, costs, administration are analyzed showing to what degree there were problems and how support required a partnership with the crown of nobility, municipal authorities, and money markets. "Undoubtedly a substantial contribution."

MAJOR, J. RUSSELL. From Renaissance Monarchy to Absolute Monarchy: French Kings, Nobles, and Estates. Baltimore/London: John Hopkins University Press, 1994.

Review: T.I. Crimando in RenQ 50 (1997), 290–91: Judged "an important contribution to the institutional history of early modern France," M.'s 400+ page volume is "masterfully written" and based on his own "extensive research as well as the recent work of other scholars." Focusing on relations between kings and ministers and provincial estates, M. challenges "the long-standing view that in the early modern period, the bourgeoisie allied with the French kings against the nobility and together created an absolute monarchy." Notes and extensive bibliography.

MAUND, BARRY. Colours: Their Nature and Representation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Review: F. Jackson in PhQ 49 (1998), 243–245: "This book is an impressive defence of an error theory of colour. The defence is clear, forceful, and interestingly connected to the large recent literature on colour and to the views of major historical figures including Galileo, Newton, Locke, and Descartes."

MCCREA, ADRIANA. Constant Minds: Political Virtue and the Lipsian Paradigm in England, 1584–1650. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997.

Review: M. C. Noonkester in Choice 35.7 (1998), 1261–1262: "M. argues that notions of constancy derived from the writings of the Flemish neo-Stoic philosopher Justus Lipsius influenced the thought and practice of ... Sir Walter Raleigh, Sir Francis Bacon, Ben Jonson, Fulke Greville, and Bishop Joseph Hall... [M.] is to be commended for revealing the impact of Continental trends on the development of English political culture and for detecting problems that connected the experiences of the war-torn 1590s with those of the revolutionary 1640s."

MONTAGUE, JENNIFER. The Expression of Passions: The Origin and Influence of Charles Le Brun's "Conférence sur l'expression générale et particulière." New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.

Review: Jean-Jacques Courtine in FR 70 (1997) 625–26: "Livre important" that analizes more completely than any previous study the complexities proposed by Le Brun in his lecture to the Académie.

• See French 17 (1996, 1995).

MOREL, RENEE. "Un défi à la sémiotique picturale: moralité et temporalité dans une gravure du XVIIe siècle." CdDS 7.1 (Spring 1997) 105–20.

From a theoretical perspective, the article deals with the problems of representing the passage of time in a pictorial manner. Specifically, M. examines the depiction of Herodotus's tale of the king Candaules and his wife in French, Italian, and Dutch art in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Emphasizing the importance of van de Venne's moralistic engraving of Candaules, M. stresses the thematic dichotomy of the instant versus eternity, and concludes that time ultimately remains a subjective concept, "une expérience intérieure [qui] demeure difficile à cerner dans l'ordre du dicible."

MORGAN, DAVID. Visual Piety: A History and Theory of Popular Religious Images. Berkley: University of California Press, 1998.

Review: M. W. Sullivan in Choice 35.8 (1998), 1360: "In this thought-provoking book, [M.] is primarily concerned with showing how important popular religious imagery has been in everyday life in Europe and America since the Middle Ages. But, along the way, M. makes a number of other contributions that make his book worthy of note. His apologia for the study of visual culture, included in the introduction, should be required reading for all college students taking the 'visual culture' courses that are springing up in many universities.... He applies historical methods, for the first time, to a subject that until now has been the province only of sociologists: how popular religious imagery functions in a home setting."

MUKERJI, CHANDRA. Territorial Ambitions and the Gardens of Versailles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Review: R. M. Delson in Choice 35.8 (1998), 1441: "Although she does not forsake analysis of familiar parterres, statuary, and fountains of Louis XIV's showcase, M. focuses on the political culture of the era as manifested in the gardens of Versailles. She sees them as a microcosm of France; with their sumptuous yet rational design, the gardens are a metaphor for state authority, which in turn is ultimately dependent on control of territory (France is the wider garden). M. argues quite convincingly that this material (garden) culture can be understood on many levels: 'embroidered terraces' relate to embroidered clothing, the grading of the land reflects 17th-century military technological achievement, and so on. This is a masterful deconstructionist study, in which careful contextual analysis allows for reconstruction of the political world that Louis created over the course of his regime. M. takes to task the broad paradigmatic approach of 'cultural materialism' for failing to analyze the 'material' itself. Although there are some disturbing omissions (e.g. Islamic garden influence and the role of the French engineering academies newly formed in this era) and the 150 illustrations are confusingly inserted in the text, this is still a major accomplishment."

MULLENBROCK, HEINZ JOACHIM. The Culture of Contention: A Rhetorical Analysis of the Public Controversy about the Ending of the War of Spanish Succession, 1710–1713. Munich: Pink, 1997.

O'GORMAN, FRANK. The Long Eighteenth Century: British Political and Social History, 1688–1832. London: Arnold, 1997.

Review: P. D. Jones in Choice 35.11/12 (1998), 1918: Themes include "Britain in the European context."

OWEN, BARBARA. The Registration of Baroque Organ Music. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997.

Review: K. Thomerson in Choice 35.3 (1997), 494: "This clearly written, practical book deals with organ sounds available from 1500–1800.... Divided into four sections the Renaissance and the early, high, and late baroque the book has concise introductions to political and religious events of each period. Owen presents composers and representative organ specifications geographically, with registration sound instructions given by organists and organ builders of each era."

PAINE, LINCOLN P. Ships of the World: An Historical Encyclopedia. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1997.

Review: M. J. Smith, Jr. in Choice 35.7 (1998), 1162: P. "attempts to provide within a single cover an alphabetically arranged history of the world's great ships from ancient times to the present... [H]e provides rather complete profiles ... of several hundred sailing and steam vessels, merchantmen and warships alike, from the time of the Romans to the present.... Each profile is finished with a line of bibliographic credit to principal references, and 200 illustrations... dress up the complilation. The work concludes with ten pages of maps, five pages of literary ships, a 17-page chronology, a concise but useful 23-page bibliography, and a detailed 34 page small-print subject index."

PARKER, GEOFFREY. The Military Revolution. Military Innovation and the Rise of the West, 1500–1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Review: H. Durchhardt in HZ 264 (1997), 475–76: Impressive new edition of P.'s important work on military revolution (1988) which has been translated into several European languages as well as Japanese. Scholars will particularly benefit from substantial broadening of the investigation through additional source material.

PEVITT, CHRISTINE. The Man Who Would be King. The Life of Philippe d'Orléans, Regent of France, 1674–1723. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1977.

Review: David Coward in TLS 4932 (10 Oct. 1997), 30: A sympathetic and critically weighted portrait that offers a shrewd assessment of a man many of his contemporaries found "impenetrable." Justice is done to Philippe's achievements and intelligence. Adds little to the historical record, its research having been limited to printed sources.

PIERRARD, JEAN. "Eloges de l'ombre." Le Point 1344 (1998), 98–99.

Compte rendu d'une expositon à Londres qui "raconte comment, au début du XVIIe siècle, les ténèbres du Caravage ont influencé la peinture des Pays-Bas." Also includes mentions of influences on La Tour, Poussin, Lorrain, Vouet.

PIERRARD, JEAN. "Bassano et ses fils." Le Point 1356 (1998), 99.

Compte rendu d'une exposition au Louvre, septembre 1998. "Est-ce parce qu'elle est un peu à l'étroit, salle de la Chapelle, que cette très érudite exposition-dossier du Louvre consacrée à Bassano déconcerte? Ou, plus simplement, parce que les Bassano du Louvre, ayant le plus souvent appartenu aux collections de Louis XIV, ne comptent pas parmi les meilleurs, et qu'ils peuvent donner une image inexacte de cet atelier qui compte plusieurs générations de peintres, et dont la passion pour la représentation d'animaux enchante l'Europe du Grand Siècle?" Includes color illustration of "Deux chiens de chasse."

PIERRARD, JEAN. "Bonheurs baroques." Le Point 1321 (1998), 70–71.

Review of an exhibition at the Palais de Venise in Rome, January-February 1998, devoted to the works of Pietro Berrettini (dit Pierre de Cortone), 1596–1669.

PIERRARD, JEAN. "Review of 'Eloge de la clarté,' an exhibition on Atticism at the Musée Magnin of Dijon (until September 1998), then at Le Mans, Musée de Tessé (October 1998-January 1999)." Le Point 1354 (1998), 77.

"Une plaisante exposition...consacré[e] par Alain Mérot... à l'atticisme, un courant artistique au temps de Mazarin (1640–1660).... Vouet et d'autres artistes se libèrent des influences caravagesques et font fleurir, dans le sillage de la littérature influencée elle aussi par les modèles antiques, une peinture qui, à bien des égards, annonce le néoclassicisme du siècle suivant." Includes works by J. Stella, Dorigny, Le Sueur, La Hyre, Bourdon.

PIERRARD, JEAN. "Review of an exhibition of the works of Charles Poerson, 1609–1667." Le Point 1321 (1998), 35.

"Une vraie découverte de cet artiste messin, contemporain de Poussin, qui avait failli se faire oublier et dont on retrouve aujourd'hui l'oeuvre, toile après toile... [Poerson] partage le goût de [Vouet] pour une palette brillante, en particulier des jaunes aigus et une gamme de bleus intenses. Comme lui, il participe à la décoration d'importantes galeries ... qui, la plupart du temps, n'ont pas été conservées. L'exposition nous présente l'essentiel de ce qui reste de son oeuvre."

POMMIER, EDOUARD. Théories du portrait de la Renaissance aux Lumières. Paris: Gallimard, 1998.

Review: G. Raillard in QL 736 (1998), 16–17: Review of this work and that of Van Schlosser (see below) suggests that both works give ample treatment to the work of Antoine Benoist, best known for his portraits of Louis XIV: "Louis XIV, lui, s'est montré très satisfait du travail de Benoist c'est le nom de l'artiste qui onze fois a ... portraituré le souverain ou l'homme, comme s'il suivait les étapes du temps destructeur. Benoist fut anobli, appartint à l'Académie. Et Louis XIV, exemple de l'art de pompe ... fournit, grâce à Benoist et à son passage à la limite, un cas privilégié pour suivre les oscillations de l'idée d'art, entre nature et idéal, ressemblance et canons du beau." Pommier suggests that "la pensée du XVIIe siècle s'occupait de la facture, du sens ou de la légitimité du portrait (à Port Royal on y est opposé)."

PORTER, ANDREW. "The Envy of Heaven." TLS 4930 (26 Sept. 1997), 20.

Review of Charpentier's "Les Plaisirs de Versailles" and "La Descente d'Orphée aux enfers" in the Barbican Hall performance by William Christie and the Arts florissants that can only be called rapturous. A good rapid recap of the revival of his music, since the 1950s.

PUCCI, SUZANNE RODIN. "The Spectator Surfaces: Tableau and Tabloid in Marivaux's Spectateur français." YFS 92 (1997), 149–170.

Essay treats "the confluence of an emerging, spectating, and also sentient public with a space of exhibition that articulates new sites of literary and social practice."

REEVES, ELLEN. Painting the Heavens: Art and Science in the Age of Galileo, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997.

Review: Alan Shapiro in Isis 89.2 (1998), 337–38: "Imaginative, rich, revealing analysis" of the ways in which artists across Europe react to and also act as participants in discoveries of and theoretical discussions on the moon and stars.

Review: D. Topper in Choice 35.5 (1998), 807: "More than 40 years ago, Erwin Panofsky alerted both art and science historians to the painting of the Virgin on the dome of Santa Maria Maggiore by Lodovico Cigoli, a friend of Galileo, who depicted the moon as it was described by Galileo after his telescopic observations ... rather than smooth and near perfect as conventional iconography required. Using Cigoli's picture and six others... as focal points, and Galileo as the central figure, R. reconstructs the context of the relationship between art and science in the early 17th century an interaction that went both ways.... Other scientific matters that involved Galileo and informed art were the aurora borealis, the new star of 1604, and especially earthshine the reflection of sunlight from the earth back to the moon. Reeves's extensive and detailed research reveals how much scientific matters were intertwined with religious beliefs, further illuminating the climate of Galileo's polemics."

REX, WALTER. "The Landscape Demythologized: From Poussin's Serpent to Fénelon's 'Shades' and Diderot's Ghost." ECS 30 (1997), 401–19.

Masterful treatment of significant period of interpretation of Poussin's 1642 painting, through the informing allegory/myth read into Poussin's own aesthetics and practice by Fénelon in the Dialogues des morts (1685) as it is rewritten by Diderot in the Salon of 1767. The effects are turned into social commentary and finally Diderot's "caprice a gravely serious one, no doubt, and enlightened to its very core."

ROCHE, DANIEL. Histoire des choses banales. Naissance de la consommation dans les sociétés traditionnelles (XVIIeXVIIIe siècles). Paris: Fayard, 1997.

Review: Jean Yves Grenier in Annales 52.6 (1997), 1400–2: Highest praise for this materialist history, whose parameters and goals outlined in Part I are to flesh out traditional economic and social history, and for the categories established, for an analysis alert to the subtle changes of multiply evolving culture by situating categories within the locus of domesticity.

RODRIGUEZ, JUNIUS P., ed. The Historical Encylopedia of World Slavery. Santa Barbara: ABC Clio, 1997.

Review: R.B.M. Ridinger in Choice 35.9 (1998), 1520: "The international contributors to this encyclopedia have created a work that should serve as the definitive reference source in this field. Following an introductory essay, 'Slavery in Human History,' alphabetically arranged entries are followed by cross references and short lists of further readings. The 98 illustrations, ranging from photographs to posters, woodblock prints, and paintings... are well chosen to clarify particular aspects of slave life and the economic systems it supported. A 46 page bibliography of monographs and articles.... The index offers access by subject, personal names (both as authors and subjects), organizations, titles of important pieces of legislation or published works, countries and political units, geographic regions, and major cases affecting the legal status and definition of slavery."

ROWLANDS, GUY. "The Ethos of Blood and Changing Values? Robe, épée and the French Armies, 1661 1715." SCFS 19 (1997), 95–108.

After a thorough résumé of the state of historical debate on the difference between épée and robe nobility since the 1950s, two factors are seen as responsible for the yet unresolved questions for 1661 1715 and especially their separation: the king's desire and efforts were to draw them closer together and service in the field was a tried and true means of social ascent and acceptance. Important critique of Mettam's conclusions.

RUSSO, ELENA. "The Self, Real and Imaginary: Social Sentiment in Marivaux and Hume." YFS 92 (1997), 126–148.

"Both the moralists and Rousseau see 'amour-propre,' life in others, as presenting the specter of the dissolution of the self. The modern world of the salon, of commercial activity, of theatricality, with its essentially social nature, is hence viewed as an object of suspicion, a vehicle of alienation and deception. Marivaux and Hume present an alternative model. For them, life in others and 'amour-propre' are the very glue that holds the self together. They regard the modern world with optimism and harbor no nostalgia for alleged simple times when selves were constituted as autonomous souls, unconnected monads."

RUSSO, ELENA, ed. Exploring the Conversible World: Text and Sociability from the Classical Age to the Enlightenment. YFS 92 (1997).

Interdisciplinary volume in three parts (I. Cultural/National/Economic Paradigms; II. Contagions in the Body Social; III. from Préciosité to Republicanism: Representations of the Public Sphere) explores "the multiple facets of sociability, as historical practice, as philosophy, and as representation." See articles by D. Gordon, L. E. Klein, R. Pucci, and E. Russo (Part II ); F. Jaouën on De Pure and A. Viala on Molière (Part V).

SAUPIN, GUY. Nantes au XVIIe siècle: vie politique et société urbaine. Rennes: Pubs. de I'Université de Rennes, 1996,

Review: Pierre Deyon in Annales 52.5 (1997), 1189–90: Part I reconstructs the civic institutions and offices; Part II, the various port industries, especially war connected commerce; Part III, in summary, deals with questions of social mobility.

SCHMALE, WOLFGANG. "Das 17. Jahrhundert und die neuere europäische Geschichte." HZ 264 (1997), 587–611.

Focuses both on the 17th encyclopedic work Theatrum Europaeum (21 vols.) by Matthäus Merian of Basel and on modern day historians as he explores the 17th c. concept of "Europe." Illustrations, including the rich metaphorical frontispiece to Merian's work and maps, complement S.'s analyses of relevant elements of the concept such as: Europe/Christendom, Europe as Continent, and Europe as Nations, (strategies of Richelieu and Louis XIV).

SEIBERT, PETER. Der literarische Salon. Literatur und Geselligkeit zwischen Aufklärung und Vormärz. Stuttgart/Weimar: Metzler, 1993.

Review: G. Bersier in Archiv 234 (1997), 168–170: Praiseworthy for its "rare balance of interdisciplinary breadth of research and clear literary focus of analysis." Includes important sections on origins of the salon and a comprehensive survey that for the 17th c., treats Mme de Rambouillet, "the house Morel," Mme de Sablé, Mlle de Scudéry and Ninon de Lenclos. This "superb scholarly study" has had its access inhibited, unfortunately, by "the publishers' decision not to include a subject index."

SHERMAN, BERNARD D. Inside Early Music: Conversations with Performers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Review: Anthony Pryer in TLS 4946 (16 Jan. 1998), 18: Teeming with practical detail and thoroughly documented on the major conceptual issues behind the historical performance movement, this is a book about the historically accurate performance of music from all eras. 20 interviews with scholar performers includes Christopher Page on medieval music, Anthony Rooley on the Renaissance, Williams Christie on the Baroque. Many musical examples,useful bibliographies and discographies.

SHIVERS, JAY S. and LEE J. DELISLE. The Story of Leisure: Context, Concepts, and Current Controversy. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1997.

Review: S. Hollenhorst in Choice 35.3 (1997), 524: The authors "provide a detailed examination of leisure as a significant aspect of human life. Part 1 examines the history of leisure from the prehistoric to the present. The result is one of the most extensive historical overviews of leisure available in a single text. A story at the beginning of each chapter describes the life of fictional archetypal individuals from that period, and the role leisure would have played in their lives. Also included are time lines of significant events affecting leisure. Part 2 discusses concepts, philosophies, and socio economic forces related to leisure."

SIDKY, H. Witchcraft, Lycanthropy, Drugs, and Disease: An Anthropological Study of the European Witch-Hunts. New York: P. Lang, 1997.

Review: D. B. Heath in Choice 35.7 (1998), 1233: "S.'s anthropological approach combines economic and political forces with what is known about certain drugs and societal reactions to stress, and seems to explain more details and patterns in a plausible way. His study shows how church and civil authorities together waged a sustained war of terror by punishing a select few and, thus, frightening the majority. Epidemics, wars, crop failures, famines, and economic slumps could all be blamed on supernatural scapegoats, distracting popular attention from the failures of authorities of 'the system.' S. weaves together brief but dramatic and well-documented accounts of the Black Death and its enormously disastrous impact, the philosophy as well as the practice of torture, the state of possession, and various hallucinogenic drugs that fit neatly with otherwise 'impossible' activities.... Maps and abundant period illustrations... a thorough bibliography, and a good index."

SMEDLEY-WEILL, ANNETTE. Les intendants de Louis XIV. Paris: Fayard, 1996.

Review: Roger Mettam in TLS 4892 (3 Jan. 1997), 31: Valuable listing of all intendants serving the adult Louis XIV, then concentration on daily administration that provides many insights, especially concerning constraints on intendants' activities (which modifies the cliché of their being pillars of the monarchy). Author is also editor of a 3-volume collection of intendants' correspondence with the controller-general, 1677–1689.

STOLLEIS, MICHAEL, ed. et al. Policey im Europa der Frühen Neuzeit. Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1996.

Review: P. Blickle in HZ 264 (1997), 753–54: Welcome study of a topic, the police, often neglected by historians. The outgrowth of a series of lectures at the Max-Planck Institute for European legal history, the volume is a rich mine of information for comparative studies. Contributions on French police in early modern Europe by A. Rigaudière and B. Durand complement essays on Italian, Spanish, Danish, German, Polish, Swedish, Swiss and English police.

STONEHAM, MARSHALL, JON A. GILLESPIE, and DAVID LINDSEY CLARK. Wind Ensemble Sourcebook and Biographical Guide. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1997.

Review: J. M. Edwards in Choice 35.7 (1998), 1166: "One of three linked volumes on the wind ensemble (defined as four to 18 winds, mainly in pairs) and its repertoire from the late 17th century to the present, this work has three parts: a survey of repertoire and ensemble history, organized by geographic areas; an alphabetical dictionary of composers and arrangers, including comments about individual works; and a section on instrument development and performance practice. Covering a little-known body of music and many lesser-known composers, this informative study is based on much primary research plus the authors' practical performing experience. Topics range from the importance of this repertoire in disseminating large works (especially opera) in the preradio era to such practical matters as copyright and preparation of editions."

STURDY, DAVID. Louis XIV. London: Macmillan, 1998.

TAPIE, ALAIN, SAM SEGAL, et ODILE DELENDA . Le sens caché des fleurs. Symbolique & botanique dans la peinture du XVIIe siècle. Paris: Adam Biro, 1997.

Review: BCLF 598–99 (1998), 1639: "Le musée des beaux-arts de Caen est riche en oeuvres du XVIIe siècle, venues d'autres provinces de France, d'Italie et des écoles du Nord. Ce fait a servi en somme de catalyseur pour la réalisation de ce bel ouvrage orienté d'abord vers l'analyse du pouvoir symbolique et de l'ampleur décorative, grâce à une précision, une maîtrise dans le dessin de la plante, propre à cette époque, à ces écoles. Un tel regroupement a justifié à Caen en 1987 et à Paris, plus précisément au pavillon des Jardins de Bagatelle, en 1989, une exposition dont le titre était 'Symbolique et botanique'."

TUBEUF, ANDRE. "L'aventure de la voix." Le Point 1350 (1998), 64–69.

Article discusses the history of the voice in theater and opera; includes an illustration of La Champmeslé in Iphigénie en Aulide, 1675.

UCHIDA, HIDEMI. Le tabac en Alsace aux 17e et 18e siècles. Strasbourg: Presses Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1997.

Review: BCLF 595 (avril 1998), 806–07: "H. Uchida compare longuement les aspects juridiques de l'implantation du tabac en Alsace . . . . Cet ouvrage, qui se fonde sur un important dépouillement d'archives, constitue une pièce manquante de l'historiographie de l'Alsace."

VAN KRIEKEN, ROBERT. Norbert Elias. London: Routledge, 1998.

VAN SCHLOSSER, JULIUS. Histoire du portrait de cire. Trad.E. Pommier. Paris: Macula, 1998.

Review: G. Raillard in QL 736 (1998), 16–17: This book, like that of Pommier (see above), gives ample treatment to the work of Antoine Benoist, best known for his portraits of Louis XIV: "Louis XIV, lui, s'est montré très satisfait du travail de Benoist c'est le nom de l'artiste qui onze fois a ... portraituré le souverain ou l'homme, comme s'il suivait les étapes du temps destructeur. Benoist fut anobli, appartint à l'Académie. Et Louis XIV, exemple de l'art de pompe ... fournit, grâce à Benoist et à son passage à la limite, un cas privilégié pour suivre les oscillations de l'idée d'art, entre nature et idéal, ressemblance et canons du beau." This work was first published in Vienna in 1911.

VIGARELLO, GEORGES. Histoire du viol, XVIe–XXe siècle. Paris: Seuil, 1998.

Review: BCLF 596 (1998), 1076: "Suivant un fil conducteur chronologique, V. reconstitue les phases de la constitution du viol comme crime."

Review: C. Dauphin in QL 734 (1998), 22: "La traversée documentaire paraît d'autant plus périlleuse qu'elle s'étend sur cinq siècles. Mais l'auteur navigue habilement entre les différentes sources: textes normatifs, témoignages recueillis au cours de procès, articles de presse, références littéraires, statistiques criminelles, travaux d'experts et, en fin de parcours, les actions féministes .... Dans cette approche dans la longue durée, on retiendra que sous l'Ancien Régime, l'accent est mis sur la faute morale, 'exécrable' selon les textes. Quand le viol émerge sur la scène judiciaire, la suspicion pèse sur la femme, stigmatisée par l'impudeur ou empêtrée dans les preuves à fournir. La présomption d'innocence ne semble alors pouvoir protéger que l'enfant violé, bafoué dans sa faiblesse et sa pureté.... Dans cette longue histoire du viol, l'accent mis sur une problématique des sensibilités tire surtout parti des représentations qui soutendent toute forme discursive, y compris les textes normatifs. La perception de ces agressions spécifiques, liées au sexe, et la façon dont les sociétés les acceptent ou les répriment participent aussi du système de croyance qui valorise à la fois la violence et la virilité.... La distance évidente qui existe entre les textes et les moeurs tend à oblitérer le vécu et la souffrance des victimes."

VOLLENWEIDER, MARIE-LOUISE. Camées et intailles. T. I: Les portraits grecs du Cabinet des médailles. Catalogue raisonnée. Paris: Bibliothèque nationale de France, 1995.

Review: G. Le Rider in RBPH (novembre-décembre 1996), 1158–60: Collection formée par les rois de France, en particulier Charles IX, Henri IV et Louis XIV. Cette catalogue raisonnée est "l'oeuvre d'un grand spécialiste, qui met en valeur l'intérêt artistique et historique d'une collection dont le Cabinet des Médailles peut s'enorgueillir."

WEBER, EDITH, éd. Le patrimoine musical protestant. Les Psaumes. Fasc. I: Hier, XVIe–XVIIe siècles. Fasc. II: Aujourd'hui, XXe siècle. Paris: Centre protestant d'études et de documentation, 1997.

Review: BCLF 596 (mai 1998), 1139: Extraits de LibreSens, une revue mensuelle (nos 66, juin 1997 et 67, juil.-août 1997) qui apportent "d'importants éclairages sur cette musique, tant d'un point de vue historique que théorique, musique qui fut l'un des fleurons de la Réforme. Les articles reviennent ainsi sur l'apport de Pierre Certon, Claude Le Jeune, Claude Goudimel, Ambrosius Lobwasser, Paschal de L'Estocart, Denis Caignet, Heinrich Schütz, Alexander Wagner et Daniel Schertzer."

WELLS, CHARLOTTE C. Law and Citizenship in Early Modern France. Baltimore/London: John Hopkins University Press, 1995.

Review: M. Wolfe in RenQ 50 (1997), 291–92: Praiseworthy examination of citizenship includes analogies between the family and the city, the personal relationships of the citizen with the king, and the significance of religion (for the 17th c., for example, W. considers the disenfranchisement of the Huguenots by the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes). Citizens' rights and duties are considered from the late Middle Ages to the Revolution.

WERTHEIMER, MOLLY MEIJER, ed. Listening to Their Voices: The Rhetorical Activities of Historical Women. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 1997.

Review: T. B. Dykeman in Choice 35.10 (1998), 1693: "This valuable retrieval of women and word, from Marguerite d'Alençon to Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca...is significant. Although it gleans some historical fields already harvested, it creates new space in the tradition with probing study and more names.... By documenting women's inventive use of rhetoric in commerce and correspondence, oratory and philosophy, and their pluralistic contributions to rhetorical theory, the 18 essays demonstrate women's preoccupation with a discipline denied them. W. furthers current scholarship in augmenting the rhetorical tradition to include women; the book presents an informative history of original minds making do under the limitations of silence."

WILLIAMS, ROBERT A. Linking Arms Together: American Indian Treaty Visions of Law and Peace, 1600 1800. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Review: M. L. Tate in Choice 35.3 (1997), 552: W. describes the process of treaty negotiation between Europeans and Native Americans. "Not only was there an implicit distinction between Native American dedication to communal use of land and European preference for private ownership of property, but also the philosophies of entering into diplomatic relations were quite different."

WIND, BARRY. A Foul and Pestilent Congregation: Images of Freaks in Baroque Art. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998.

ZANGER, ABBY E. Scenes from the Marriage of Louis XIV: Nuptial Fictions and the Making of Absolutist Power. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997.

Review: D. A. Collins in Choice 35.10 (1998), 1715: "The 'body politic,' sweat and all, takes on new meaning in this interpretive study of the symbolic function of Louis XIV's marriage to the Spanish Infanta, Maria Teresa, in 1660. Z. traces preparations and negotiations for this event and its execution, aftermath, and long-term significance for geopolitical sovereignty through contemporary pamphlets, engravings, paintings, a preface by Mlle de Scudéry, and a machine play, Corneille's Conquête de la toison d'or. The author's thesis is that print culture (her examples are included as illustrations) created 'nuptial fiction' intended to establish and reinforce, through art and spectacle, Louis XIV's (and hence France's) dominance in and beyond this treaty-marriage. History suggests it must have worked! Z.'s evidence requires the reader's willingness to view Maria Teresa, converted by marriage to Marie-Thérèse, in various symbolic representations including the Virgin Mary, Medusa and Medea, a ploy of power politics, a guarantor of progeny for dynastic success, a ransom/hostage for Franco-Hispanic peace. Her very body, sweaty under her ceremonial garb, is seen to authenticate thereby the reality of the kinship exchange. Z.'s analysis goes well beyond the stereotyped funeral rites of substitution so celebrated in Bossuet's orations... [T]his is an intelligent, imaginative work."

ZOLOTOV, YURI and NATALIA SEREBRIANNAIA. Nicolas Poussin: The Master of Colors: Russian Museum Collections, Paintings and Drawings. Bournemount/Saint Petersberg: Parkstone/Aurora, 1997.

Review: F. W. Robinson in Choice 35.5 (1998), 810: "This volume focuses on the 56 paintings and drawings by Nicolas Poussin in the Hermitage and Pushkin Museums. A long introductory essay gives an overview of Poussin's career, his relationship with contemporary literature and theory, and the basic principles of his work. This is followed by full entries on each work, with the paintings reproduced in color (often with details) and the drawings in black and white. The volume ends with a short biography of the artist and an interesting essay on the history of the works in Russia. The text is well translated, but there is no bibliography (and even cited references are not given in full)."