FRENCH 17

ADAMSON, JOHN (DIR.). The Princely Courts of Europe: Rituals, Politics and Culture under the Ancien Régime, 1500–1750. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1999.

Review: N. Le Roux in DSS 222 (2004), 143–144: Through a collection of essays, Adamson and his colleagues look at the workings of the principal courts of Modern Europe: "Dans une introduction très nourrie, le maître d'œuvre de l'entreprise offre une utile synthèse des apports récents de l'historiographie, complétant ou réorientant les études fondatrices de Norbert Elias. Le corps de l'ouvrage est ensuite constitué d'une collection d'essais." "Sont ainsi évoquées successivement les cours d'Espagne (Glyn Redworth et Fernando Checa), de France (Olivier Chaline), d'Angleterre (J. Adamson), des Provinces-Unies (Jonathan Israel), de Rome (Henry Dietrich Fernandez), d'Autruche (Jeroen Duindam), de Bavière (Rainer Babel), de Prusse (Markus Völkel), de Savoie (Robert Oresko), de Toscane (Marcello Fantoni), de Suède (Fabian Person) et de Russie (Lindsey Hugues)."

ALBALA, KENNETH B. Eating Right in the Renaissance. Berkeley: U of California P, 2002.

Review: A. J. Grieco in Ren Q 56 (2003): 1288–1289: Judges the volume "ambitious" and notes that it is "the first to explore diet literature [here, from 1470–1650] primarily from the point of view of the medical discourse(s) on food and the advice... to its readers" (1288). Finds that its merit "lies... in providing an overall view of this field," yet the various chapters also treat medical examination of the human body, the "six non-naturals," the perception and consumption of food, class distinctions, food and nation, and the "complex relationship... between medicine and cuisine in the Middle Ages and early modern period" (1288). Although Grieco finds some chapters less convincing than others and offers several suggestions for future research (comparing prescriptive literature with texts revealing eating practices and readership of these dietary treatises), his overall assessment is positive.

ANTOINE, MICHEL. Le Coeur de l'Etat: surintendance, contrôle général et intendances des finances, 1552–1791. Paris: Fayard, 2003.

Review: BCLF 653 (2003), 141–41: "L'ouvrage est un modèle d'érudition dominée, un livre de premier ordre, essentiel pour comprendre le fonctionnement des institutions financières de la France d'Ancien Régime."

APPS, LARA and ANDREW GOW. Male Witches in Early Modern Europe. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2003.

Review: R. Barnes in Choice 41.7 (2004), 1361. Argues that European notions of witchcraft were more or less gender neutral. Apps and Gow hold that the implicit feminization of men accused of witchcraft stemmed from their dim-wittedness, and that this trait's association with the female sex did not negate the accused men's gender as a whole. "The obligatory doses of babble... do not obscure the authors' substantive arguments" (1361).

ASCH, RONALD G., ed. Der europäische Adel im Ancien Régime. Von der Krise der ständischen Monarchien bis zur Revolution (ca. 1600–1789). Köln: Böhlau, 2001.

Review: H. Kleuting in HZ 277 (2003): 199–200: Welcomed as superior, this study of the European nobility in the Ancien Régime includes an essay of particular interest to 17th c. specialists. Jean-Marie Constant's treatment of French nobility between the death of Henri IV and the end of the Fronde includes considerations of freedom, stoicism and libertinage, as well as Protestantism and Jansenism.

ASCH, RONALD G., WULF ECKART VOß and MARTIN WREDE, eds. Frieden und Krieg in der Frühen Neuzeit. Die europäische Staatenordnung und die außereuropäische Welt. München: Fink, 2001.

Review: H. Schilling in HZ 277 (2003): 193–195: Welcome as the last of the "Jubiläumsbände" or volumes celebrating the Peace of Westphalia, this study receives praise for its wide-ranging and careful scholarship. Of particular interest for 17th c. specialists are essays on the judicial, the military (internal and external) and on the dévots and Richelieu.

ASSAF, FRANCIS. 1715: Le soleil s'éteint. Fasano, Schena / Paris, Presses de l'Université de Paris-Sorbonne, 2002.

Review: O. Ranum in PFSCL XXXI (60) 233–234. "Not directly seeking to bring new knowledge to bear on what happened in 1715, Assaf's aim is to offer what the "citoyen" (not the 'subject') might wish to know about courtly and learned culture in that year."

Review: P. Sosso in S Fr 47 (2003): 713–714: Unusual and compelling study demonstrates the complexity of a crucial year and provides a reconstruction of the last day and death of Louis XIV. Informed by Saint-Simon's Mémoires and by the journal of the brothers Anthoine (garçons de chambre of the king). Also includes a small section on the events of the last year, interesting documents on Louis XIV's last words and medical discourse, analyses of periodicals such as Le Journal des Sçavans. Selected bibliography.

AUZEPY, MARIE-FRANCE et JOEL CORNETTE, eds. Palais et pouvoir: de Constantinople à Versailles. Saint-Denis: Presse universitaire de Vincennes, 2003.

Review: BCLF 651 (2003), 75: Cet ouvrage "veut offrir, dans une série de synthèses, le survol de la longue histoire des bâtiments où logeait le pouvoir, des différents modèles et solutions suivant la conception même du pouvoir princier, depuis le grand palais de l'empereur à Constantinople jusqu'à la diffusion en Europe du modèle versaillais au XVIIIe siècle, en passant par les palais de l'Islam classique, du Moyen Age et de la Renaissance italienne."

BATTISTA, ANNA MARIA. Politica e morale nella Francia dell'età moderna. Genoa: Name, 1998.

Review: J. H. M. Salmon in Ren Q 53 (2002), 267–286. Judged "fascinating if at times controversial," Battista's study asserts that during the late 16th and 17th centuries, l'uomo sociale became l'uomo dissociato. Her thesis is tested and illustrated by a broad range of writers, from libertines and scientists to Neo-epicurians, mystics and Jansenists. Salmon finds useful the introduction by Anna Maria Lazzarino Del Grosso.

BAYLEY, PETER. "Crowning Children: Les sacres de Reims au dix-septième siècle" in Frédéric Canovas & David Wetsel, eds., Cérémonies et rituels en France au XVIIe siècle. Ceremonies and rituals in XVIIth century France. Actes du XXXIIIe Congrès annuel de la North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature (May, 2001 - Arizona State University), Vol. 4. Berlin: Weidler Buchverlage, 2002: 21–28.

Accounts of the royal coronation ceremonies highlight the royal coronation ceremony's ancient heritage and unchanging form, thereby making it difficult to understand its evolution over time. Particular attention is paid to the adaptation of the ceremony for an adult (e.g. Henri III in 1575) and a child (Louis XIII, Louis XIV, and Louis XV).

BEASLEY, FAITH E. "Marguerite Buffet and la Sagesse Mondaine," in Le Savoir au XVIIe siècle. Eds. John D. Lyons & Cara Welch. Actes du 34e congrès annuel de la North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 14–16 mars 2002. Tübingen: Biblio 17 Number 147, Gunter Narr Verlag, 2003. 227–235.

Because women's role in the development of the French language has been largely erased, Buffet's text helps us to recognize the importance of the cultural milieu of "la sagesse mondaine"-the largely oral, worldly, salon culture dominated by women in seventeenth-century France.

BELL, DAVID A. The Cult of the Nation in France. Inventing Nationalism, 1680–1800. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2001.

Review: P. Fuchs in HZ 276 (2003): 468–469: Wide-ranging and welcome treatment encompasses central considerations such as monarchy, kingdom, God and church, as well as modification in concepts such as nation, patrie, public, société, civilisation (468). Richly informative and well-written with detailed index. The complete bibliography is available on the internet at www.davidbell.net.

BELMESSOUS, SALIHA. "Etre français en Nouvelle-France: Identité française et identité coloniale aux dix-septième et dix-huitième siècles." FHS 27.3 (2004), 507–540.

Describes developments in relations between the French and those in the Canadian colony, native and non-native, and notes the creation of two identities, one national, one colonial.

BENES, MIRKA AND DIANNE HARRIS, eds. Villas and Gardens in Early Modern Italy and France. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2001.

Review: M. Leslie in Ren Q 56 (2003): 834–835: Part two of this impressive collection of essays treats "The French Court" ("French garden culture from roughly 1550 to 1790") (834). Praiseworthy introductory essay as well as the volume itself which "contains the fruits of perceptive and tenacious scholarship matched with inventive curiosity and intellectual ambition" (834). Celebrating the lifetime work of Elisabeth Blair MacDougall, the volume "exemplif[ies]... cross-fertilizations" between the two national fields and demonstrates the benefits of "approaches that integrate... art historical scholarship,... sociological and intellectual context and the material culture" (834).

BERLANSTEIN, LENARD. "The French in Love and Lust." FHS 27.2 (2004), 465–479.

Reviews a number of recent works on the "history of love and sexuality," though only one, Georges Vigorello's A History of Rape: Sexual Violence in France from the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Century, appears to incorporate the seventeenth century specifically.

BERTRAND, DOMINIQUE. "Le rire de Christine de Suède: du dénigrement burlesque à l'assomption baroque" in Les femmes au Grand Siècle; Le Baroque: musique et littérature; Musique et liturgie. David Wetsel & Frédéric Canovas, eds. Actes du 33e congrès annuel de la North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature. Volume 2. Arizona State University, Tempe, May 2001. Biblio 17 Number 144. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 2003. 77–86.

In a culture that carefully codified laughter, especially women's laughter, Christine de Suède proved a maverick figure whose laughter excluded her from the world of "civilité mondaine" and reinforced her royal and heroic bearing.

BLACK, JEREMY. Kings, Nobles and Commoners. States and Societies in Early Modern Europe. A Revisionist History. New York: Tauris, 2004.

Review: F. Heal in TLS 5296 (Oct 1 2004), 28: Ambitious overview of history of Europe, 1550–1800. Central argument that continuity, consensus and cooperation are the significant themes of these centuries. Hostile to classic interpretations of absolutism. "The language of authority, Black claims, far outstripped the practice of politics, which was based on cooperation and negotiation with the ruling elites." Black's secondary and less successful objective is to challenge the centrality of Western Europe, especially France, in early modern history.

BOECKL, CHRISTINE M. Images of Plague and Pestilence; Iconography and Iconology. Kirksville, MO: Truman State UP, 2000.

Review: E. D. Howe in Ren Q 56 (2003): 205–206: Reviewer is not altogether happy with Boeckl's approach (Howe suggests instead an exploration of case studies of core works) and the, at times, "short shrift" given to scholarship since 1970. Howe nevertheless has praise for Boeckl's emphasis on "theological underpinnings" and her "placing the art of northern and southern Europe in dialogue and extending that contact to the New World" (206). 17th c. scholars will note the chapter entitled: "The Tridentine World: Plague Paintings as Implementations of Catholic Reforms (1600–1775)."

BOITANO, JOHN F. "Paris of the Ancien Régime: An Interdisciplinary Course on Cities and Civilizations" in Les femmes au Grand Siècle; Le Baroque: musique et littérature; Musique et liturgie. David Wetsel & Frédéric Canovas, eds. Actes du 33e congrès annuel de la North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature. Volume 2. Arizona State University, Tempe, May 2001. Biblio 17 Number 144. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 2003. 255–269.

The author describes an interdisciplinary course taught in an undergraduate general education program that includes a unit on Revolutionary Paris. The essay was awarded a pedagogical prize by the North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature in 2001.

BOUSQUET, PHILIPPE. "L'héroïsme féminin au XVIIe siècle entre admiration païenne et représentations chrétiennes" in Les femmes au Grand Siècle; Le Baroque: musique et littérature; Musique et liturgie. David Wetsel & Frédéric Canovas, eds. Actes du 33e congrès annuel de la North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature. Volume 2. Arizona State University, Tempe, May 2001. Biblio 17 Number 144. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 2003. 93–107.

The representation of Lucretia (especially her morally troublesome suicide) shows how pagan virtues were assimilated into a model of Christian female heroism that was free of subversive elements.

BOYER, JEAN-CLAUDE. "Claude's 'Rape of Europa' and the Painter's Early French Patrons." Burlington 1213 (2004), 261–263.

Explains that detailed examination of this painting revealed a 'créquier,' a heraldic device found in the coat of arms of Charles de Créquy, duc de Lesdiguières and ambassador to Rome under Louis XIII. Concludes that while other facts about the painting's history remain unknown, Claude was most certainly a painter well-known to the French nobility.

BRAUN, GUIDO, et al., eds. Acta Pacis Westphalicae. Vol. 5. Parts 1 and 2. Die Französischen Korrespondenzen: 1646–1647. Münster: Aschendorff, 2002.

Review: A. V. Hartmann in HZ 277 (2003): 439–440: Welcome fifth volume of the French correspondence relating to the peace of Westphalia. Focus is on some 346 documents from November 1646 to June 1647. Important particularly for information on the French court and Mazarin. Praiseworthy critical apparatus.

BRAZEAU, BRIAN JAMES. "La réflexion qu'ils feront sur eux-mêmes: Empire and identity in Early New France (1604–1632)." DAI 64/6 (2003), 2106.

Argues that the creation of an overseas namesake" was the site of an important and sustained reflection on aspects of 'Frenchness.'" Examines texts by Marc Lescarbot, Gabriel Sagard, Samuel Champlain, and Jesuit missionaries.

BRIOIST, PASCAL, HERVE DREVILLON & PIERRE SERNA. Croiser le fer: Violence et culture de l'épée dans la France moderne (XVIe–XVIIIe siècle). Seyssel: Champ Vallon, 2002.

Review: V. Piétri in DSS 223 (2004), 342–344: Reviewed favorably: "dans un premier temps, les auteurs tracent les contours d'une "civilisation de l'épée". Ils s'attachent d'abord à montrer comment, autour des années 1530, l'épée devient l'outil le plus commun de l'autodéfense civile. [...] Dans un deuxième temps, l'ouvrage aborde les processus de constitution de ce savoir / savoir-faire escrimeur comme science appliquée et néanmoins science homicide." Finally this study considers the larger context and "s'interroge sur la place de la noblesse au sein de la société et sur la difficile naissance de l'individu social et politique que l'on retrouve avec une acuité particulière au cours de la Révolution."

BROOKS, PETER. Troubling Confessions: Speaking Guilt in Law and Literature. Chicago: The U of Chicago P, 2001.

Review: Anon in FMLA 39 (2003): 323. Focus is both legal formulation and the literary; for example, narrative strategies of legal practices as well as "their fictional counterparts" are examined. Reviewer terms Brooks's study "a confession of the strategic importance of comparative literature the better to understand life."

BROOMHALL, SUSAN. Women's Medical Work in Early Modern France. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2004.

Review: B. Fontana in TLS 5300 (Oct 29 2004), 30: Study covers period from mid-fifteenth to mid-seventeenth century. Broomhall uses wide range of sources: trials of female medical practitioners, documents establishing new guilds, such as guild for midwives, "popular" medical writing by women for women, and correspondence on medical matters among noblewomen. Broomhall's book written from gender studies perspective, but "the evidence it provides goes well beyond any schematic opposition between male and female roles, showing the great complexity and dynamic character of early modern approaches to health care."

BROWN, JONATHAN and JOHN ELLIOTT. "Courts of the Baroque." Burlington 1212 (2004), 203–204.

Critique of a Spanish exhibition whose aim "is to illustrate and explore the various court cultures of Catholic Europe in the second half of the seventeenth century." A show whose diversity is both its strength and its weakness, according to the authors. Accompanied by a "handsome" catalog.

CANOVA-GREEN, MARIE-CLAUDE. "L'équivoque d'une célébration: les fêtes du mariage de Louis XIII et d'Anne d'Autruche à Bordeaux (1615)." DSS 222 (2004), 3–24.

Canova-Green delves into the minute details of ritual and celebration marking the marriage along with the greater political and imperialistic ramifications of the "tension entre le dit et le non dit de la célébration que nous nous proposons d'étudier ici."

CANOVAS, FREDERIC & DAVID WETSEL, eds. Cérémonies et rituels en France au XVIIe siècle. Ceremonies and rituals in XVIIth century France. Actes du XXXIIIe Congrès annuel de la North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature (May, 2001 - Arizona State University), Vol. 4. Berlin: Weidler Buchverlage, 2002.

CARABIN, DENISE, ed. Nicolas Pasquier. Le Gentilhomme. Paris: Honoré Champion, 2003.

Review: BCLF 658 (2004), 114–15: "Mais ce Gentilhomme, publié à Paris en 1611 et rédité aujourd'hui pour la première fois par Denise Carabin dans une édition critique d'une qualité en tous points remarquable, se révèle pourtant comme un texte important de la littérature politique d'expression française. Présenté par l'auteur comme une institution à l'usage de ses propres fils, le livre revêt en fait la forme plus ambitieuse d'un manuel de formation à l'usage de la noblesse d'épée."

CARLIN, CLAIRE. "The Staging of Impotence: France's Last Congrès" in Theatrum Mundi. Studies in Honor of Ronald W. Tobin. Claire Carlin & Kathleen Wine, eds. EMF Critiques. Charlottesville: Rookwood Press, 2003. 103–112.

Studies one particular case of the 17th-century congrès, which staged inquisitions on impotence, focusing on René de Cordouan, Marquis de Langey, and more specifically on the texts generated by the case, including those by Tallemant des Reaux and other satirists, those published in the Journal du Palais, Boileau, and Dr. Nicholas Venette, as well as those in defense of Langey, including the Protestant writer Jean Rou. Carlin argues that the case was important in helping to lay the groundwork for modern conceptions of matrimony.

CLOSSON, MARIANNE. "L'invention d'une 'littérature de la peur': le temps de la chasse aux sorcières." TL 16 (2003): 47–63.

Demonstrates that contrary to what is generally thought, "la sorcière est... une figure des temps modernes, contemporaire... de Descartes, et non du Moyen Age" (48). Includes treatment in literature (Pierre de Lancre, Bossuet) and art (Jacques de Gheyn II, Claude Gillot) of representations of "religieuses possédées." Underscores the remarkable success of works such as the Histoires tragiques de notre temps by François Rosset (more than 35 editions beginning with that of 1614) as well as the larger fascination of the subject and its function in multiple literary genres (57, 62).

COMPERE, MARIE-MADELEINE. Les Collèges français XVIe–XVIIe siècles. Paris: Institut national de recherche pédagogique, 2002.

Review: J.-C. Margolin in BHR 65,3 (2003), 775–77: Ouvrage en trois parties consacré aux collèges français de Paris chargés de l'enseignement des humanités et de la philosophie: "1) Etablissements appartenant à l'Université de Paris...; -2) Etablissements n'appartenant pas à l'Université (essentiellement le Collège jésuite-le célèbre collège de Clermont, devenu plus tard collège Louis-le-Grand, le Collège Royal, ancêtre du Collège de France, et l'Ecole militaire...; -3) Etablissements hébergeant des étudiants ou élèves britanniques, le Collège des Irelandais, des communautés clericales et des séminaires..."

CORVISIER, ANDRE. Les Régences en Europe. Essai sur les délégations de pouvoirs souverains. Preface by PIERRE CHAUNU. Paris: PUF, 2002.

Review: H. Duchhardt in HZ 277 (2003): 394–395: Judged stimulating if at times methodologically problematic, Corvisier's volume examines the phenomenon of the regency from the Middle Ages to the present. Numerous interpretive assessments in spite of Corvisier's ironic question, "Est-il possible d'écrire une histoire du hasard?" (C. 100).

CROXTON, DEREK and ANUSCHKA TISCHER. The Peace of Westphalia. A Historical Dictionary. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2002.

Review: H. Duchhardt in HZ 276 (2003): 180: This synthesis of thought includes essays on important personalities and events both central to and on the outskirts of the main topic.

CUNEO, PIA FRANCESCA, ed. Artful Armies, Beautiful Battles: Art and Warfare in Early Modern Europe. Leiden: Brill Academic P, 2002.

Review: O. Schmidt in Ren Q 56 (2003): 1230–1232: Rather negative review of volume as a whole; charges a lack of integration between art and warfare and a "lack of military background" on the part of the contributors as well as the intrusion, at times, of a "twentieth-century mentalité" (1230, 1231). However, Schmidt says of the essays that "all are masterful and well-done" (1231). Schmidt singles out as "excellent" Julie Anne Plax's "Seventeenth-Century French Images of Warfare" (1231).

DAUMAS, MAURICE. "La sexualité dans les traités sur le mariage en France, XVIe–XVIIe siècle." RHMC 51.1 (jan.–mars 2004): 7–35.

Strong liberal trend at the beginning of the 17th century counters former Augustinian condemnations of pleasure in conjugal sex, restoring pleasure and even erasing it as sin. Instead treatises are more interested in the emotional relationship between husband and wife, essential to understand 18th-century development of the modern family.

DEJEAN, JOAN. The Reinvention of Obscenity: Sex, Lies, and Tabloids in Early Modern France. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002.

Review: M. Longino in FR 77 (2003), 1258–1259. DeJean examines the 17th-century reemergence of the term "obscene," anchoring her analysis in three important moments obscenity's early history. The first of these addresses the homophobic persecution of Théophile de Viau, as well as the technique of suggestive obscenity by means of ellipsis. Next DeJean turns to the democraticization of eroticism through the publication of the cheap best-seller L'École des filles. DeJean's final gesture involves "Molière's savvy marketing of "obscenity" through Agnes' "le…" in L'École des femmes, an ellipsis that "set up the spectator to run a quick inventory of the female genitalia" (1259), generating press for the play which ensured its box office success.

Review: M. Mohr in SCN 61 (2003), 325–329: "DeJean argues that obscenity was reinvented in France between 1550 and 1663, and that it spread in its new form to England and Italy." The reviewer praises DeJean for the case studies she examines dealing with Théophile de Viau, L'Ecole des Filles, and Molière's role in the reinvention of obscenity with L'Ecole des femmes and its surrounding controversy. The reviewer, however, faults DeJean for over ambition in including a single chapter covering "ancient Rome, the middle ages, Italy and England," which "suffers from oversimplification and occasional factual inaccuracies." "Despite its drawbacks, The Reinvention of Obscenity has much for readers interested in early modern French print culture."

Review: K. Perry Long in Ren Q 56 (2003): 1266–1268: Praised as "a nuanced study of the rebirth of obscenity in seventeenth-century literature and culture," the volume treats "the early history of pornography," the "marketing of books to a variety of social classes," the "increasing control [of authors] over the production of their own works" and women as a significant audience (1267). Texts considered are Théophile's l'Ecole des filles and Molière's Ecole des femmes and Critique de "l'Ecole des femmes."

Review: J. Turner in MP 101.3 (February 2004), 423–431: "In this important and thought-provoking book (her seventh), Joan DeJean selects three well-documented episodes in French seventeenth-century book censorship, analyzing them as three critical stages in the simultaneous emergence of modern sexual discourse and modern authorship. (…) Though some points are marred by impetuous reading of the primary evidence and overdramatic foreshortening of history, the whole argument is seductive and many of the details deeply perceptive. This dashing book should be required reading for anyone working in print culture and the history of sexuality."

DOTOLI, GIOVANNI. Littérature et société en France au XVIIe siècle. Vol. II, Fasano, Schena / Paris, Didier Erudition, 2000. Vol III, Préface de Jean Mesnard, Fasano, Schena / Paris, Presses de l'Université de Paris-Sorbonne, 2001.

Review: S. Poli in S Fr 46 (2002): 434–435: Highly praiseworthy for its erudition, coherence, interdisciplinarity and attentiveness to all levels and aspects of 17th c. culture. Jean Mesnard, in his introduction, calls Dotoli "une vraie force de la nature." Sections of this ample study treat perspectives of comparatist research, theatre (Montchrestien), the commedia dell'Arte, Molière's Don Juan and, separately, the Misanthrope, the burlesque (definition and mentalités), Perrault and Pierre Boucher (ethnology of l'Amérindien in his Histoire).

Review: J.-Cl. Vuillemin in PFSCL XXXI, 60 (2004), 246–249. "Inspiré des prolégomènes théoriques hérités du structuralisme génétique concocté jadis par Lucien Goldmann, M. Dotoli part du principe que l'écrivain, tout en proposant sa propre conception du monde, demeure "le porte-parole de son référent situationnel" (II, 104). Nonobstant les vertus alléguées de l'interdisciplinarité et de l'approche comparatiste (III, 21–62), c'est surtout le milieu de l'écrivain. . . qui prend une importance capitale dans les textes ici réunis."

Review: BCLF 636 (2002), 107–08: "Mis à jour et traduits en français (si nécessaire), ces travaux pour la plupart déjà publiés entre 1984 et 2001 sont présentés en neuf sections qui sont révélatrices de la souplesse critique dont fait preuve l'auteur... Donnant au théâtre la meilleure place, G. Dotoli montre à la fois sa grande érudition (sa bibilographie burlesque est, à cet égard, précieuse) et sa finesse dans l'analyse des textes."

DUCCINI, HELENE. Faire voir, faire croire: l'opinion publique sous Louis XIII. Seyssel: Champ Vallon, 2003.

Review: BCLF 656 (2004), 144: "Jusqu'à présent, les libelles avaient surtout été exploités pour étudier la Fronde. H. Duccini s'est proposée d'écrire l'histoire de France sous Louis XIII à travers le prisme des pamphlets."

DUCHENE, ROGER. Etre femme au temps de Louis XIV. Paris: Perrin, 2004

Review: M. Slayter in TLS 5273 (Apr 23 2004), 26: A "chilling account of overt and covert oppression." Author describes status of women of all strata. Discusses limited options for women and common beliefs about them. Much of the book treats literary salons and court life, but in these milieux, too, it was difficult for women to succeed. Duchêne says that women had begun to participate in important debates by the end of the century and that the way was open for their independence. Reviewer struck by how far women were from achieving independence.

DULONG, CLAUDE. Mazarin et l'argent. Banquiers et prête-noms. Paris: École des chartes, 2002.

Review: K. Malettke in HZ 277 (2003): 744–746: Highly praised, this examination of the many layered subject of Mazarin and money reveals in a particularly penetrating manner the close association between power and money. Subtitle indicates emphasis of the work and its focus on particular and precise cases of banking families. Extensive investigation of archival sources contributes to the volume's value as do the indices and appendices.

ENGEL, GISELA, BRITA RANG, KLAUS REICHERT, and HEIDE WINDER, eds. Das Geheimnis am Beginn der europäischen Moderne. In collaboration with JONATHAN ELUKIN. Frankfurt: V. Klostermann, 2002.

Review: W. Schleiner in Ren Q 56 (2003): 1271–1273: Judged "an impressive monument [of 532 p.] to an international effort... united by one research topic" and praised for the "fit" of its essays and their "continuous argument" (1273). Twenty-eight articles plus three other introductory essays treat the secret in its multifarious forms; the articles are grouped in four sections: "The Public and the Knowledge of Rulers," "The Public and the Intimate," "The Body and Sexuality," and "The Arts and Knowledge." 17th c. French scholars will appreciate, among others, an article on Louis XIV's insulation at Versailles and another on the "Affaire des Poisons."

Review: G. Walther in HZ 276 (2003): 448–449: This collection of essays by 31 authors undertakes with considerable postmodern talent the investigation of secrecy in European politics, aesthetics and learning between the Renaissance and the Revolution. The multiple approaches to this many-sided phenomenon include sections on public and private spheres, the body and sexuality, and hermetic painting and poetic composition.

ENGLES, JENS IVO. Königsbilder Sprechen, Singen und Schreiben über den französischen König in der ersten Hälfte des achtzenhnten Jahrhunderts. Bonn: Bouvier, 2000.

Review: U. van Runset in RHLF 103.3 (2003), 726–27. Author argues against the thesis of the desacralization of the French monarchy between 1680 and 1750 through an examination of popular, non-official (as opposed to political or philosophical) sources. Maintains that the king remained an object of fascination, and that there existed a tacit pact between the king and the people. The argument is bolstered by a huge number of manuscript sources and secondary literature, but the reviewer regrets a lack of analytical depth and a weakness for erudite digressions.

ENTREES ROYALES, LES. DSS 212 (juillet–septembre 2001).

Review: C. Rizza in S Fr 46 (2002): 436: This issue offers fascinating and erudite examinations on themes such as "l'encomiastique," "les entrées d'Henri IV à Lyon," "le voyage de Louis XIII en Provence," "description et rhétorique," "idéologie," among others.

ERNST, GERHARD and BARBARA WOLF. Textes français privés des XVIIe et XVIIe siècles. Tübingen: Niemeyer, 2001.

Review: A. Lodge in RF 115 (2003): 72–74: Highly praiseworthy diplomatic transcript of chroniques and journaux from 17th and 18th centuries. Focus is on the public, "covering major international events and the most trivial faits divers" (73). The CD-ROM presentation includes "pop-up explanations" and selected pages of the original manuscripts. Of special value to linguists and historians. Lodge states that "traces of the spoken language are present, and allow us to lift the veil ever so slightly on the lost world of variation in spoken French under the Ancien Régime" (74).

EXTERNBRINK, SVEN. Le Coeur du monde-Frankreich und die norditalienischen Staaten (Mantua, Parma, Savoyen) im Zeitalter Richelieus 1624–1635. Münster: Lit, 1999.

Review: K. O. Freiherr von Aretin in HZ 277 (2003): 737–739: Focus is on Richelieu's plans and purposes in this volume which is found to be commendable in its attentiveness to and interpretation of authoritative sources. An impressive and wide-ranging study of diplomatic history which offers important new understandings.

FRAPPIER, LOUISE. "La représentation de la Rébellion dans l'entrée de Louis XIII à Paris (1629)" in Frédéric Canovas & David Wetsel, eds., Cérémonies et rituels en France au XVIIe siècle. Ceremonies and rituals in XVIIth century France. Actes du XXXIIIe Congrès annuel de la North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature (May, 2001 - Arizona State University), Vol. 4. Berlin: Weidler Buchverlage, 2002: 67–82.

Louis XIII's entrée into the city of Paris (1629) after his victory over the rebellion at La Rochelle functions as an allegory which celebrates both the king himself and the city of Paris.

FUCHS, RALF-PETER and WINFRIED SCHULZE, eds. Wahrheit, Wissen, Erinnerung. Zeugenverhörprotokolle als Quellen für soziale Wissensbestände in der Frühen Neuzeit. Münster: Lit, 2002.

Review: H. Duchhardt in HZ 277 (2003): 192: Praiseworthy examination of social stability of knowledge in the Early Modern Era. The hearing of witnesses as sources is focus of this collective volume which treats truth, knowledge and memory in 10 case studies.

GANTET, CLAIRE. La Paix de Westphalie (1648). Une histoire sociale XVIIe–XVIIIe siècles. Paris: Belin, 2001.

Review: R. G. Asch in HZ 276 (2003): 178–179: This empirical history of the war is also a history of the memory of the conclusion of the peace. Gantet's stimulating and fertile study is valuable for scholars of the idea of nation as well as for specialists of French hegemony in Europe.

GENIEYS, SEVERINE. "Deux savantes etrangères: du sérieux au rire, Le Comtesse de Pembroke et Christine de Suède" in Le Savoir au XVIIe siècle. Eds. John D. Lyons & Cara Welch. Actes du 34e congrès annuel de la North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 14–16 mars 2002. Tübingen: Biblio 17 Number 147, Gunter Narr Verlag, 2003. 205–214.

La folle gageure ou les divertissemens de la Contesse de Pembroc (Francois Le Metel de Boisrobert) and L'Histoire des intrigues galantes de la reine Christine de Suède et de sa cour, pendant son séjour à Rome (Christian Gottfried Franckenstein) offer a contrasting portrait of "la femme de lettres" both of which nonetheless make the "vraie savante" an object of literary entertainment on par with the "précieuse ridicule."

GERMA-ROMANN, HELENE. Du "bel mourir" au "bien mourir." Le Sentiment de la mort chez les gentilshommes français (1515–1643). Genève: Droz, 2001.

Review: E. A. R. Brown in Ren Q 56 (2003): 798–799: Hortatory treatises, conduct manuals and secular hagiography inform Germa-Romann's thesis that a minority [of nobles] imposed its ideal [of dying well in battle] on the majority. The book is divided into two main sections focusing on "death in battle and noble ideology" and "typology of noble deaths, honorable and dishonorable" (799). The 17th c., according to Germa-Romann, saw "the displacement of the noble ideal by the Christian model." However, as Brown points out, Jean du Tillet's Recueil des Roys de France (editions from 1578 to 1618) gives many accounts of early exemplary Christian deaths. Praised for interesting commentaries.

GHEERAERT, TONY et GISELE VENET, eds. La Beauté et ses monstres dans l'Europe baroque, 16e–18e siècles. Paris: PU de la Sorbonne nouvelle, 2003.

Review: BCLF 651 (2003), 65: Actes d'un colloque tenu à Paris (28–30 septembre 2000). Les dix-neuf articles "montrent comment, dans la littérature et la peinture du XVIe au XVIIIe, le beau et le laid, de même que le bien et le mal, coexistent, voire coïcident, dans une mouvance et une fluidité nouvelles des catégories." Des interventions sur les poètes baroques ("fascinés par des figures mythiques qui lient la beauté et la mort, telles Méduse et les Sirènes") et la poésie dévotionnelle française du XVIIe siècle ("qui décrivent 'l'horrible beauté' du Christ souffrant").

GODINEAU, DONINIQUE. Les Femmes dans la société française: 16e–18e siècle. Paris: Armand Colin, 2003.

Review: BCLF 653 (2003), 139–40: "Judicieux et revendiqué dès l'introduction, le propos ne consiste pas à présenter une histoire de la femme, mais des femmes en tant qu'actrices sociales, économiques, religieuses et parfois politiques, confrontées à un système de contrainte masculine qui les réduisait au statut d'êtres dominés par les lois de la nature."

GOLDSMITH, ELIZABETH. "Fugitive Lives; Travel, Identity, and Runaway Women in the Age of Versailles." EMF 9 (2004): 110–124.

Examines how "[e]xiles, fugitives, ordinary travelers and their observes explored how physical separation and the itinerant life could grant access to new ways of imagining the self"; looks at texts by Sévigné, Marie Mancini, and Marie-Sidonie de Courcelles.

GOLDWYN, HENRIETTE. "Censure, clandestinité et épistolarité: Les Lettres Pastorales de Pierre Jurieu" in Le Savoir au XVIIe siècle. Eds. John D. Lyons & Cara Welch. Actes du 34e congrès annuel de la North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 14–16 mars 2002. Tübingen: Biblio 17 Number 147, Gunter Narr Verlag, 2003. 285–294.

Describes how Pierre Jurieu adapted the polemic letter after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in order to address the people's sovereignty and the desacralization of the king's person. Because writing books was too dangerous, he wrote letters as a literature of action, a call to resistance, and a testimony of a pivotal moment of French history.

GORDENKER, EMILIE. Van Dyck and the Representation of Dress in Seventeenth-Century Portraiture. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2001.

Review: J. M. Alexander in Burlington 1210 (2004), 33: Shows how Van Dyck influenced dress in portraits, starting while he was in England in the 1630s. The second and third chapters will be of particular interest to French dix-septièmistes, as they discuss France and the Netherlands in addition to England, and seek to demonstrate how both ordinary and fancy dress contribute to the overall representation and iconography of a portrait's subject. Contains quality black-and-white illustrations. According to Alexander: "the author has done a great service in clarifying the wide seams between actual and represented dress in seventeenth-century portraiture."

GOSMAN, MARTIN, MACDONALD, ALASDAIR, and ARJO VANDERJAGT. Princes and Princely Culture, 1450–1650. Vol. 1. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2003.

Review: J. Huffman in Choice 41.8 (2003), 1541. Encompasses the major courts of northwestern Europe. Despite a regrettable neglect of ecclesiastical princes and their roles as artistic patrons, the work is recommended by the reviewer. Structurally, "the volume is framed by two fine opening essays by Gosman and Mörke, which are then fleshed out with surveys of court culture, its nexus with politics, and case studies of princely patronage" (1541).

GRELL, CHANTAL et MILOVAN STANIC,eds. Le Bernin et l'Europe: du "baroque" triomphant à l'âge romantique. Paris: PU Paris-Sorbonne, 2002.

Review: BCLF 651 (2003), 74: Actes d'un colloque international sur Bernin tenu en novembre 1998 à l'Institut culturel italien de Paris; 21 contributions.

GRELL, CHANTAL and MALETTKE, KLAUS, eds. Les Années Fouquet. Politique, société, vie artistique et culturelle dans les années 1650. En collaboration avec KORNELIA OEPEN. Münster: Lit, 2001.

Review: P. Fuchs in HZ 276 (2003): 467–468: The Acts of a two-day colloque in May 2000 at Versailles and Vaux-le-Vicomte. Essays by seven scholars in addition to the editors treat subjects as diverse as Vaux as an "espace littéraire" (Emmanuel Bury), the texture of relationships between Mazarin, Fouquet, Colbert, Louis XIV and Anne d'Autriche (Jean Meyer), La Fontaine's Clymène (Jean-Charles Darmon) and painting (Alain Mérot).

HARDING, VANESSA. The Dead and the Living in Paris and London, 1500–1670. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2002.

Review: A. Fahrmeir in HZ 276 (2003): 750–751: Recommended as "extremely worth reading", Harding's investigation focuses on the meaning of the concurrence of the dead and living for the scarce space available in the two cities. Part two examines burial rituals, finding clear differences between Catholic and Protestant practices as well as a general tendency toward commercialization.

HART, JONATHAN. Representing the New World: The English and French Use of the Example of Spain. New York: Palgrave, 2001.

Review: J. E. Kicza in Ren Q 56 (2003): 1216–1217: Judged "a comprehensive and well-substantiated examination" (1217) of the "ambivalent and contradictory ways" (Hart 3) French and English writers made use of Spain's success. The five chapters are chronologically organized; 17th c. French scholars will be particularly interested in chapters 4 (1589–1642) and 5 (1643–1713).

HINRICHS, ERNST, ed. Geschichte Frankreichs. Stuttgart: Reclam, 2002.

Review: P. Fuchs in HZ 277 (2003): 141–143: One of a series for students and educated lay persons. Focus is on political history, but cultural history finds representation in the illustrations. 17th c. scholars will appreciate the section on the absolute monarchy and Louis XIV as the French war king. Maps, tables and abundant illustrations in color.

HODGSON, RICHARD, ed. La Femme au XVIIe siècle. Actes du colloque de Vancouver, University of British Columbia, 5–7 octobre 2000. Tübingen: Gunter Narr, 2002.

Review: C. Rolla in S Fr 47 (2003): 701–702: These Acts of the October 2000 Colloque held in Vancouver treat not only the representation of the woman in the 17th c. but also her important role in the century's intellectual and literary life. Impressive by quality of analyses and rich variety of texts studied. Following the three "conférences magistrales" of Gisèle Mathieu-Castellani, Pierre Ronzaud and Christian Biet, the essays are grouped in the following sections: "Images de la femme dans l'imaginaire masculin," "Quand les femmes s'écrivent," "L'intériorité féminine: mélancolie, démence, dégéneration," "Tabous et transgressions: amazones, sexualité et corps de femme," "Dévotion, foi et mysticisme féminins," and "Pour le meilleur ou pour le pire? Mariage et sacrifice?"

Review: M.-O. Sweetser in OeC 28,1 (2003), 229–31: "L'histoire dans ses divers domaines tient une large place: histoire de la société, des idées, des mentalités avec recours aux sciences humaines." D'autres études consacrées aux écrivains marquants: Théophile de Viau (G. Mathieu-Castellani; N. Négroni); Corneille (M. Longino; D. Simhon; N. Ekstein); les Scudérys (D. Kuizenga; A. Rosner); Molière (K. Waterson); Guilleragues (V. Schröder); Mme de Sévigné (C. Cartmill); Mme de Lafayette (D. Duffrin Kelley).

LANDERS, JOHN. The Field and the Forge. Population, Production and Power in the Pre-Industrial West. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2003.

Review: P. Clark in TLS 5259 (Jan 16 2004), 24: Study of military and economic changes in Europe with Anglo-centric bias. "Wide-ranging analysis of links between economic and military change is thought-provoking." Reviewer criticizes tendency to treat everything in terms of shift from organic (timber and muscle-powered) economy to mineral-based economy. Role of cities deserves more attention.

LAVERGNEE, ARNAULD BREJON DE. "Baroque: The Jesuit Vision." Burlington 1208 (2003), 812–814.

Evaluation of an exhibition in Caen that seeks to define "the policy behind the images developed by the Jesuits between the end of the sixteenth and the end of the eighteenth centuries," as well as "to distinguish the chief features of the 'Jesuit vision.'" Although Lavergnée regrets "a lack of balance" in its catalog, the exhibition itself receives a favorable review.

LE BRIS, MICHEL and VIRGINE SERNA, eds. Pirates et Flibustiers des Caraïbes. Abbaye de Daoulas: Hoëbeke, 2001.

Review: D. Dalla Valle in S Fr 47, no. 139 (2003): 520: Extremely rich in illustrations, the volume also includes essays on "la geste pirate" and "le mythe pirate."

LEGAULT, MARIANNE. "Représentations littéraires de l'amitié féminine au XVIIe siècle en France." DAI 65/03 (2004), 955.

"[Study] takes as its premise the view of many feminist thinkers, such as the philosopher Janice Raymond, who assert that, contrary to men, women have been denied same sex friendship for centuries. From this basis, I explore the effect of this homosocial and homopriviledged heritage on the deployment of female friendship as a thematical narrative in the works of both male and female writers in seventeenth-century France." Examines especially Montaigne, D'Urfé, Molière, Scudéry, Benserade, and La Force.

LEROUX, JEAN-BAPTISTE. Versailles, Côté jardins: chronique. Arles: Actes Sud, 2002.

Review: BCLF 646 (2003), 72–73: "L'auteur, Jean-Baptiste Leroux, n'a pas appréhendé les lieux comme le proposait Louis dans sa Manière de montrer les jardins de Versailles, mais en se laissant guider par la lumière. Pendant deux ans, il a été présent à toutes les heures du jour, pendant toutes les saisons, observant les jardins sous les rayons directs du soleil ou dans sa lumière diffuse."

LEVY, ALLISON, ed. Widowhood and Visual Culture in Early Modern Europe. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003.

Review: J. Harrie in Choice 41.7 (2004), 1362. A collection of essays. A first section examines the ideal of widowhood as set down by literary models and images. Next, Widowhood moves on to consider how women deviated from these prescriptions to arrive at more individualized self-representations. A final grouping of essays probes the patronage projects women undertook upon their husbands' deaths, often in the attempt to express and preserve family history and memory.

LONG, KATHLEEN PERRY, ed. High Anxiety: Masculinity in Crisis in Early Modern France. Kirksville, Missouri: Truman State UP, 2002.

Review: D. LaGuardia in E Cr 43 (2003): 101: Praiseworthy for its thorough and comprehensive definition and examination of masculinity and its application of contemporary critical theory ("psychoanalysis, performance studies, cultural materialism, feminism in its diverse varieties" 101). Focus is from the early 16th c. to the end of the 17th; texts as diverse as sonnets, essays, jokes, memoirs, comedies, fairy tales are examined along with theology and sacred iconography.

MALETTKE, KLAUS and CHANTAL GRELL with PETRA HOLZ, eds. Hofgesellschaft und Höflinge an europäischen Fürstenhöfen in der Frühen Neuzeit (15–18 c.). Münster: Lit, 2001.

Review: J. Süßmann in HZ 277 (2003): 189–190: Treats this wide-ranging subject (court society and courtesans in Europe of 15th–18th c.) from a comparative European perspective and includes intelligent new interpretations such as those by Bernhard Sterchi and Emmanuel Bury on the ceremonial.

MANNING, JOHN. The Emblem. London: Reaktion Books, 2002.

Review: D. Russell in Ren Q 56 (2003): 1234–1236: Judged "learned," "witty," and "extremely stimulating," the volume is "a truly new look at emblems and emblem books by a knowledgeable and eloquent specialist" (1234–1236). Organization is thematic and filled with rich illustrations; however, Manning "devotes relatively little space to French emblematics in his text" (1235).

MAUNAND, PATRICK, ed. Le Marais des écrivains. Urrugne: Pimientos, 2003.

Review: BCLF 651 (2003), 93–94: "Patrick Maunand a rassemblé des textes littéraires relatifs à cet espace clairement délimité à l'ouest par la rue Beaubourg et la rue du Renard, à l'est par les boulevards situés entre les places de la République et de la Bastille. Ces textes émanent d'auteurs d'une grande diversité. Des classiques, certes Tallement des Réaux, Mme de Sévigné, Saint-Simon..."

MELZER, SARA. "L'histoire oubliée de la colonisation française: universaliser la 'francité.'" DFS 65 (Winter 2003), 36–44.

L'auteur a deux objectifs: "fournir un contexte historique permettant de mieux comprendre la manière française de construire la 'francité';" et montrer que l'idéal d'universalisme que renferme l'idée de la "francité" remonte plus haut que la notion de République et qu'il est profondément ancré dans la politique impérialiste française au XVIIe siècle, surtout dans la politique coloniale française de l''assimilation.'"

MERLE DU BOURG, ALEXIS et ALAIN MEROT. Peter Paul Rubens et la France 1600–1640. Villeneuve-d'Ascq: PU du Septentrion, 2004.

Review: BCLF 660 (2004), 56: "Cet ouvrage fort bien documenté montre tout d'abord quels furent les 'patrons' français du peintre et retrace sa carrière diplomatique, avant d'analyser dans une seconde partie 'la fortune critique de Rubens en France', la manière dont ses oeuvres furent reçues et diffusées."

MERRICK, JEFFREY and MICHAEL SIBALIS, eds. Homosexuality in French History and Culture. New York: Haworth, 2001. Published simultaneously as Journal of Homosexuality 41.3/4.

Review: J. Hayes in E Cr 43 (2003): 100–101: Wide-ranging and welcome collection of 17 essays from the Renaissance through the 1990s fills important lacunae. Interdisciplinary approaches include that of Lewis C. Seifert who analyzes references to sodomy in songs of the second half of the Grand Siècle.

MILLER, NAOMI J. and NAOMI YAVNEH, eds. Maternal Measures: Figuring Caregiving in the Early Modern Period. Aldershot, England: Ashgate Publishing, 2000.

Review: S. Covington in Ren Q 56 (2003): 213–214: Praised as highly significant for scholarship in this area: "no work has so comprehensively delved into the subject with such variety and innovation of interpretation" (213). Wide-ranging, the essays "all argue in favor of 'the malleable boundaries... of social roles for women' (3), while claiming the maternal as a social and bodily space in which women exercised power and agency" (213). This "fine and exhaustive treatment" is organized into sections such as "Conception, Childbirth and Lactation," "Nurture and Instruction," "Domestic Production," "Social Authority," and "Mortality" (213, 214).

MIRANDA, MARIE ROIG, ed. La Transmission du savoir dans l'Europe des XVIe et XVIIe siècles. Paris: Champion, 2000.

Review: H. Cazès in RHLF 103.3 (2003), 714–15. A collection of 33 papers examining three main subjects: types of knowledge (technical, scientific), the presentation of knowledge (e.g., collections of commonplaces and emblems), and the circulation of knowledge (print, theater, libraries). "[Un] ensemble de contributions de grande qualité et riche en documents nouveaux."

MOENE, GENEVIEVE. "Jean Meslier, prêtre athée et révolutionnaire." FR 77 (2003), 114–125.

Gives a thoughtful presentation of village curate Jean Meslier (1664–1729), whose deathbed confession of atheism, followed by the release of lengthy polemical writings, concluded a largely humdrum ecclesiastic career with something of a bang. Meslier's Mémoire voices opposition to monarchy, aristocratic privilege, and organized religion, seeking "rien moins que…une revolution" (118). The text strives to unsettle and gradually incense its reader by systematic undermining both received Biblical truths and the new rational religiosity of the Cartesians. Moëne points out that Meslier's attachment to the paysannerie and his proto-communist ideals distinguish him from other avowed atheists of the time-who were for the most part aristocratic libertins. Voltaire and Diderot knew Meslier's Mémoire, although the former sifted out its socio-economic polemic when he circulated excerpts from the text.

MOODY, JENNIFER JOY. "In His Image: The Ideal Woman of Seventeenth-Century France." DAI 64/06 (2003), 2221.

Using "primarily the non-fiction prescriptive literature of the period," argues that there are models of the ideal woman in seventeenth-century France were produced by three groups. Two, the antifeminists and the feminists were identified by Carolyn Lougee, but a third group exists, the moderates, "who praised the role of wife and mother for women and saw it as the calling of most women, and yet,... believed in full equality of opportunities for women in education and spirituality."

MORTIMER, GEOFF. Eyewitness Accounts of the Thirty Years War 1618–1648. New York: Palgrave, 2002.

Review: H. Durchhardt in HZ 276 (2003): Reviewer is not impressed by the contribution of this small volume based on a corpus of memoirs and informed by cultural studies.

NAPHY, WILLIAM G. Plagues, Poisons and Potions: Plague-Spreading Conspiracies in the Western Alps ca. 1530–1640. Manchester: Marchester UP, 2002.

Review: D. O. McNeil in Ren Q 56 (2003): 1289–1290: Archival research, notably in Geneva, has contributed to this rich and "thoroughly documented study [which] is a valuable addition to the growing library of works on the plague and its effects" (1289). Also sheds light on social history of witchcraft and on judicial processes. McNeil finds it "particularly instructive" that prosecutors often allege and the accused admit to pecuniary motives; "plague-workers... stood to benefit by plague... and it is entirely plausible that they acted in concert to spread plague" (1290).

NIDERST, ALAIN. "Ut Pictura Poesis." OeC, 29,1 (2004), 7–10.

"L'art du peintre consiste en partant du réel à le dépasser ou à le transfigurer. Le peintre est peintre de choses invisibles, comme la littérature est suggestion d'un concret qui se dérobe. L'une doit conduire par un discours muet au sentiment ou même à l'idée. L'autre par les mots doit donner l'impression qu'elle enveloppe un réel, qui finit par sembler présent, puisqu'il suscite tant de mots, d'émois et de réflexions." Deux auteurs du 17e siècle signalés: Madeleine de Scudéry qui, "négligeant davantage les anecdotes, en vient à confronter 'l'art de peindre' et 'l'art d'écrire', les portraits de Nanteuil et ceux qu'elle offres dans ses romans." Quant à Molière, il "a loué et analysé La Gloire du Val-de-Grâce de Mignard et dans le Sicilien il a montré un peintre au travail. Avec une modeste désinvolture il en est ainsi venu à une conception générale de l'art (littéraire, théâtral, aussi bien que pictural) et il s'est justifié et expliqué, lui 'le peintre des gens du monde'. . . ."

NORA, PIERRE, dir. Rethinking France (Les Lieux de mémoire). Vol. 1, The State. Trans. Mary Trouille. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2001.

Review: J. D. Popkin in E Cr 43 (2003): 105–106: Welcome translation, one of four projected volumes by the University of Chicago Press, continuing the Columbia University's three volume translation of some forty essays in their Realms of Memory. 17th c. scholars will appreciate essays on the symbolism of the state (Anne-Marie Lecoq), the king (Alain Boureau), Versailles (Hélène Himelfarb), and the wide-ranging essay of Pierre Nora on memoirs of men of state. Review notes the important service to Anglophone readers made by this volume along with the other partial translations but would have appreciated better references to the original French version.

NORBERG, KATHRYN. Incorporating Women / Gender into French History Courses, 1429–1789: Did Women of the Old Regime Have a Political History?" FHS 27.2 (2004), 243–266.

Focuses on political history, with a chronological analysis of "three figures- queen, regent, and favorite-and the political roles of noblewoman and nun, both in France and overseas in the French colonies." Concludes that woman's influence diminished over time, especially in the 17th century.

OSBORNE, TOBY. Dynasty and Diplomacy in the Court of Savoy: Political Culture in the Thirty Years War. Cambridge: CUP, 2003.

Review: L.R.N. Ashley in BHR 65,3 (2003), 690–91: Osborne's "pioneering book" is "a history of the house of Savoy. It is a military and a diplomatic history with everything from coded diplomatic dispatches to overt acts of violence. It is a treatise on the usefulness of friendly networks and the development of state formation. It is a history of court and supranational politics. It is a biography of the brilliant Abate Alessandro Scaglia (1592–1641)... the story of his clan, the Scaglia of Verrua. It is a survey of the arts and humanities in a period of international warfare." Of significant interest for scholars of Italy, France, Spain.

PELLEGRIN, NICOLE, sous la dir. de, et COLETTE H. WINN, ed. Veufs, veuves et veuvage dans la France d'Acien [sic] Régime. Paris: Honoré Champion, 2003.

Review: BCLF 657 (2004), 145: Actes d'un colloque tenu à Poitiers, 11–12 juin 1998: "un ouvrage d'ensemble traite du problème du veuvage, du Moyen Age à la Révolution, en France et dans les colonies françaises d'Amérique du Nord."

PHILLIPS, HENRY. "Poussin's Confirmation: The Staging of an Image?" in Theatrum Mundi. Studies in Honor of Ronald W. Tobin. Claire Carlin & Kathleen Wine, eds. EMF Critiques. Charlottesville: Rookwood Press, 2003. 45–52.

Adds to previous work on theatrical metaphor in Poussin, arguing that Poussin "though the interpretative gaze, transfers the significance of the roles represented in the painting to the role played in the world by a bishop in seventeenth-century France as he would have understood it" (45). Attention paid to "visibility" and the important role of costume in the painting.

PROBES, CHRISTINE MCCALL. "Le Savoir historique à l'intersection de l'art et de la poésie emblématiques: les gravures de Pierre de Loysi mises en rapport avec Les Sonnet franc-comtois" in Le Savoir au XVIIe siècle. Eds. John D. Lyons & Cara Welch. Actes du 34e congrès annuel de la North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature. University of Virginia, Charlottesville14–16 mars 2002. Tübingen: Biblio 17 Number 147, Gunter Narr Verlag, 2003. 81–90.

Probes examines emblematic poetry and art to see how they are understood in an historical context and how they function as traces of the past ("garant du passé").

RANUM, OREST. "A Note on the Meaning of Wearing Red Robes: The Pontoise Parlement of August 1652" in Frédéric Canovas & David Wetsel, eds., Cérémonies et rituels en France au XVIIe siècle. Ceremonies and rituals in XVIIth century France. Actes du XXXIIIe Congrès annuel de la North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature (May, 2001 - Arizona State University), Vol. 4. Berlin: Weidler Buchverlage, 2002: 85–89.

Revisits the question of the significance of the red robes warn by king, chancellor, and presidents of the sovereign courts by examining the refusal of Louis XIV to visit the Parlement of Pontoise because one judge had refused to don his red robe. In the context of the Fronde, what may seem a minor point of ceremony takes on greater importance as a gesture of "gentle servitude" and respect for royal authority.

RAPLEY, ELIZABETH. A Social History of the Cloister: Daily Life in the Teaching Monasteries of the Old Regime. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002.

Review: D. Higgs in UTQ 73.1 (Winter 2003/4), 203–204: Rapley "has produced a splendid study of French teaching nuns from the 1630s to 1790, with an afterword about the post-revolutionary situation... The book is divided into two parts, the first sketching in the main developments among teaching nuns considered as a countrywide group of women over two centuries, and the second looking in more detail at the life of cloistered nuns from different orders. She has assembled statistics in a valuable appendix entitled 'Demographics of the Cloister.' She poses many hypotheses which will stimulate others doing research... She tries to read from a fresh perspective the uplifting and edifying chronologies produced by nuns writing about their individual communities and notable instances of piety.

REQUEMORA, SYLVIE and SOPHIE LINON-CHIPON, eds. Les Tyrans de la mer. Pirates, corsaires et flibustiers. Paris: Presses de l'Université de Paris-Sorbonne, 2002.

Review: D. Dalla Valle in S Fr 47, no. 139 (2003): 520: Highly diverse volume of essays is divided into sections on history and literature. The "lieu" is the Mediterranean or Europe and the texts are concentrated on the 17th c. but also include 18th and 19th c.

RICCI, GIOVANNI. Ossessione turca. In una retrovia cristiana dell'Europa moderna. Bologne: Il Mulino, 2002.

Review: P. Carile in RSH 271 (juillet–sept. 2003), 183–89: Examines popular representations of the Turc in western Europe at the beginning of the expansion of the Ottoman Empire, as the Turks became a great intercontinental power, provoking fear on sea and land and a real threat to Christian Europe. At the same time, alliances with the Turks were established under François Ier and later Louis XIV and corresponding positive images proliferated. Ricci explores the intense and highly ambivalent "obsession turque" through a local micro-history of 15th through 18th-century Ferrare based on meticulous archival research. The prototype of otherness, Turks were known for their military courage, ferocity, firm religiosity, artistic richness, relative tolerance of other religions, sexuality, and cruelty. This study reveals the cultural intermixing between Christians and Muslims in the city, where multiple daily exchanges between them took place, as a rich and complicated hybridization. Ricci shows that Ferrare became a point of reference for a new pseudo-science at the end of the 16th century-"turcologie."

ROHOU, JEAN. Le XVIIe siècle, une révolution de la condition humaine. Seuil: Paris, 2002.

Review: C. Rolla in S Fr 47, no. 139 (2003): 436: Important volume by this illustrious 17th c. specialist focuses on systems of relationships between humanity and the world as well as the passage from honor to self-interest and amour-propre as motivating factors. Interdisciplinary, with highly pertinent analyses, Rohou's study includes indices and a rich critical bibliography.

ROSAND, DAVID. Drawing Acts: Studies in Graphic Expression and Representation. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2002.

Review: J. Marciari in Ren Q 56 (2003): 1232–1234: Judged "the rare book that will interest scholars, critics and artists alike... both as a guide to the theory and history of Renaissance and baroque design and as a stimulus to new kinds of critical analysis" (1234). Rosand's theme or framework is "the phenomenology of drawing, the complex interaction of marking and meaning, making and viewing" (Rosand 2). Marciari appreciates the "eloquent and evocative formal analysis," the "footnotes [as] a mine of information" and the volume's coherence (1233).

ROSEN, JEAN, ed. Majoliques européennes, reflets de l'estampe lyonnaise (XVIe–XVII siècles). Dijon: Faton, 2003.

Review: S. Frigerio-Zeniou in BHR 65,3 (2003), 753–57: "Cet ouvrage, richement illustré, recueille les contributions à deux journées d'études internationales sous la direction de Sylvie Deswarte-Rosa, tenues à Rome en 1996 et à Lyon en 1997. Elles inauguraient le programme de recherche Culture artistique et imprimerie, un des axes d'étude du centre Emile Bertaux (Lyon), qui privilégie le XVIe siècle, un moment où l'imprimerie lyonnaise est en plein essor. Les articles sont groupés par thème en quatre grands chapitres, qui introduisent d'abord le lecteur dans le monde des livres à figures lyonnais, pour passer par la suite à celui de la majolique, à Lyon et dans le reste de l'Europe et enfin à d'autres modèles gravées."

Review: C. Poke in Burlington 1215 (2004), 409: While the papers in the book come from a 1996 colloquium, also included are essays covering more recent scholarship, all of which "consider the role of graphic sources and ceramics in Lyon in its wider European context." Includes a variety of critical approaches, and "the quality of design and presentation is high […] with excellent colour illustrations."

RUFF, JULIUS R. Violence in Early Modern Europe, 1500–1800. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2001.

Review: H. Schilling in HZ 277 (2003): 193: Receives praise as a diverse, rich and distinguished treatment of the phenomenon of violence in the Early Modern Era. The perception and representation of violence in folk culture, weaponry and justice are only a few of the areas examined.

SCHAPIRA, NICOLAS. Un professionnel des letters au XVIIe siècle: Valentin Conrart: une histoire sociale. Paris: Champ Vallon, 2003.

Review: C. Jouhaud in Critique 684 (mai 2004), 388–401. Through this analysis of the forgotten Conrart, Schapira "[affronte] comme neuves de grandes questions comme: qu'est-ce qu'un homme de letters au XVIIe siècle, un officier, un protestant, voire un bourgeois parisien?"

SCHAPIRA, NICOLAS. "Les secrétaires du roi comme secrétaires au XVIIe siècle." RHMC 51.1 (jan.–mars 2004): 36–61.

Studies the cases of Anthoine de Laval who wrote a book on public functions that analyzed his own career as that of a secrétaire, and of Valentin Conrart, first secretary to the Académie française and also secrétaire du roi, who acquired power through the opportunities his position afforded him.

SCHOLAR, RICHARD. "The Je-Ne-Sais-Quoi: Faultlines in Foucault's Classical episteme" in Le Savoir au XVIIe siècle. Eds. John D. Lyons & Cara Welch. Actes du 34e congrès annuel de la North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 14–16 mars 2002. Tübingen: Biblio 17 Number 147, Gunter Narr Verlag, 2003. 255–265.

The author surveys Foucault's notion of the episteme and its transformation over time as well as highlighting the difficulties the very notion of an episteme offers, such as its inability to account for its own change and its reductivism. The je-ne-sais-quoi is offered as a concrete example of one of the notions Foucault's epistemic theory cannot account for because it is itself a faultline straddling an epistemic shift.

SCHRODER, VOLKER. "Ecrire les Gracques au temps de Louis XIV" in Le Savoir au XVIIe siècle. Eds. John D. Lyons & Cara Welch. Actes du 34e congrès annuel de la North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 14–16 mars 2002. Tübingen: Biblio 17 Number 147, Gunter Narr Verlag, 2003. 121–132.

The author examines the difficulties of representing this episode of Roman history under the absolute monarchy.

SCHULTZ, UWE. Versailles. Die Sonne Frankreichs. München: Beck, 2002.

Review: P. Fuchs in HZ 277 (2003): Reviewer finds this treatment of Versailles uneven and indicates numerous errors including the confusion of various names and persons-"Madame" of 1663 and 1666 is still Henriette d'Angleterre, not yet Liselotte (Madame Palatine) (140).

SCHUTTE, ANNE JACOBSON, THOMAS KUEHN and SILVANA SEIDEL MENCHI, eds. Time, Space and Women's Lives in Early Modern Europe. Kirksville, MO: Truman State UP, 2001.

Review: J. M. Ferraro in Ren Q 56 (2003): 214–216: Metholodogy of "micro-historical analysis" proves particularly useful in this volume which "enrich[es] our understanding of the variety of women's experience" (216). Covers time period of 14th–18th c. and organizes the 16 essays under themes such as "historical periodization, ideology and law, religious life, marriage and gendered constructions of identity" (215). 17th c. scholars will appreciate Margarete Zimmermann's "trac[ing] of the voice of women from the querelle des femmes to twentieth-century feminism" (215).

SMITH, DOUGLAS ALTON. A History of the Lute from Antiquity to the Renaissance. Ft. Worth: The Lute Society of America, 2002.

Review: B. Bullard in Ren Q 56 (2003): 1236–1237: Despite a number of indicated shortcomings, Bullard finds this "panoramic view... of great value" and successful in certain of its aims such as the physical changes of the lute through the ages, its use in society and its symbolism (1236, 1237). Bullard notes Smith's "inclusion of some women's history" but regrets the "somewhat less [lengthy treatment] on France" (1236–1237).

SOMERSET, ANNE. The Affair of the Poisons. Murder, Infanticide and Satanism at the Court of Louis XIV. New York: Saint Martin's P, 2004.

Review: S. Blake in TLS 5261 (Jan 30 2004), 28: Treats affair as a lot of noise over nothing. Forces behind scandal are "boredom, sex, jealousy and the nosiness prevalent among the French aristocracy." For Louis, affair becomes means of cowing the arrogance of the aristocracy.

STURDY, DAVID J. Fractured Europe: 1600–1721. Oxford: Blackwell, 2002.

Review: H. Durchhardt in HZ 276 (2003): 457–458: Mixed review points out value of study for English speakers along with significant problems, omissions or relegation of important considerations to the epilogue.

TOUBOUL, PATRICIA. "Le Statut des femmes: Nature et condition sociale dans le traité De l'éducation des filles de Fénelon." RHLF 104.2 (2004), 325–42.

Argues that the traditional view of Fénelon's treatise—that it ascribes to women various intellectual and moral weaknesses that prevent them from attaining excellence—is in fact incomplete, and that Fénelon in fact indicts only qualities resulting from the education of women as commonly practiced. "Aussi n'est-il plus permis de douter que Fénelon, par une toute autre voie que celle empruntée par un Poullain de La Barre, apparaisse comme un penseur féministe à sa façon."

TRASSARD, FRANCOIS, DIMITRE CASALI et ANTOINE AUGER. La Vie des Français au temps du Roi-Soleil. Paris: Larousse, 2002.

Review: BCLF 650 (2003), 135: Les auteurs "donnent ici un bel aperçu de ce temps, il y a trois siècles à peine, où la France était le premier pays d'Europe et Paris, sa plus grande capitale (500 000) habitants."

TURCHETTI, MARIO. Tyrannie et tyrannicide de l'Antiquité à nos jours. Paris: PUF, 2001.

Review: HZ 276 (2003): 700: This volume of over 1000 pages includes considerations of ethical dimensions, terminological and ideological distinctions. Remarkably universally intelligent in its treatment of this very broad subject.

TURNER, JAMES GRANTHAM. Schooling Sex: Libertine Literature and Erotic Education in Italy, France, and England 1534–1685. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2003.

Review: P. Cheek in MLQ 65 (2004), 313–316. Coming just upon the heels of a book on libertine culture and politics in early modern London, Turner in Schooling Sex examines "sotadic" or "hard core" pornography which revived in Renaissance Italy only to migrate to France and England in the 17th century. Turner devotes his attention to the erotic works' mixed relation to women's education, "a focus that simultaneously privileged and slandered women" (311). More in the vein of literary history, Turner's work also traces the emergence of an ars amatoria, (a term which he derives from Foucault's ars erotica). This work diverges from that of both Joan DeJean and Lynn Hunt in "argu[ing] persuasively for continuity in "hard core" works across time rather than for a sharp break in modernity" (315).

WAGNER, MARIE-FRANCE. "Avignon la Blanche dans La Voye de laict (1623)" in Frédéric Canovas & David Wetsel, eds., Cérémonies et rituels en France au XVIIe siècle. Ceremonies and rituals in XVIIth century France. Actes du XXXIIIe Congrès annuel de la North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature (May, 2001 - Arizona State University), Vol. 4. Berlin: Weidler Buchverlage, 2002: 43–65.

Reads an account of Louis XIII's 1622 entrée in the papal city of Avignon with special attention to how the themes and motifs of the color white, the Milky Way, and Galileo's telescope make the representation the city an "oeil du monde" in the "mécanisme cosmique."

WAGNER, MARIE-FRANCE and DANIEL VAILLANCOURT, eds. Le Roi dans la ville: Anthologie des entrées royales dans les villes françaises de province (1615–1660). Paris: Champion, 2001.

Review: M.-C. Canova-Green in MLR 99.2 (2004), 488–89: Thorough scholarship and meticulous editing characterize this account of the royal tours of the provinces (1656–1660) that declined after Louis XIII's reign: "Royal progress was no longer seen as a means to govern the country, but addressed different objectives, more limited in scope and often related to foreign and military developments."

WETSEL, DAVID & CANOVAS, FREDERIC, EDS avec la collaboration de Christine Probes et Buford Norman. Les femmes au Grand Siècle; Le Baroque: musique et littérature; Musique et liturgie. Actes du 33e congrès annuel de la North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature. Volume 2. Arizona State University, Tempe, May 2001. Biblio 17 Number 144. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 2003. Individual articles summarized under author's name in the appropriate section.

Review: D. Kuizenga in PFSCL XXXI, 60 (2004), 319–321. Brief overview of the fifteen articles devoted to "les femmes au grand siècle' and the three devoted to "musique, littérature et liturgie". "Les articles réunis ici sont, dans leur grande majorité, d'une très haute qualité et méritent l'attention de tous ceux qui s'intéressent au grand siècle."

WINN, COLETTE. Protestations et revendications féminines: textes oubliés et inédits sur l'éducation feminine (XVIe–XVIIe siècle). Paris: Champion, 2002.

Review: C. Clark-Evans in Ren Q 56 (2003): 809–810: Judged an "exquisite collection" (809), Winn's edition includes eight 17th c. theoretical texts (1695–1625), all written by women for women. Diverse in focus and strategies of debate and of varied length, the texts reveal the "power of women's intellect, their "worthiness" and their "natural capacity for education" (810). Clark-Evans also has praise for Winn's introduction and wide-ranging notes, bibliography and chronology (which also includes writings by men).

Review: A. Larsen in FR 77 (2003), 147–148. "Tour à tour traité théologique, portrait de femmes fortes, apologie des capacities des femmes et poème aux accents vibrants d'émotion, ce texte impressionne par l'abondance de ses sources" (147).

Review: BCLF 639 (2002), 118–19: "En portant leur attention sur les questions d'éducation, ces femmes avaient très bien compris où se formaient les inégalités, mais aussi les possibilités d'émancipation." Huit textes dont "le vieux français... en restreint le lectorat potentiel."

ZOBERMAN, PIERRE. "A Taste for Ceremony: Reading Monsieur's Magnificence" in Frédéric Canovas & David Wetsel, eds., Cérémonies et rituels en France au XVIIe siècle. Ceremonies and rituals in XVIIth century France. Actes du XXXIIIe Congrès annuel de la North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature (May, 2001 - Arizona State University), Vol. 4. Berlin: Weidler Buchverlage, 2002: 29–42.

While Monsieur's taste and reputation for display and magnificence suggests the possibility of a reading informed by gay studies, such a reading would be anachronistic and overlook the importance of ceremony as an assertion of power and rank.