FRENCH 17

• See French 17 (1992).

BARON, JOHN H. Baroque Music: A Research and Information Guide. New York: Garland, 1993.

Review: K. A. Abromeit in Choice 30 (1993), 1596: "Although B. concentrates on European music of the core baroque period (1600–1720), earlier and later music that shares the defining stylistic features of this core period has been considered as well." "Because of the size of the body of literature, B. has in many cases chosen a few representative and recent studies with substantial bibliographies and footnotes." A. commends B. for doing "an admirable job of representing the expanded canon of baroque musicians," adding, however, that "there are new oversights . . . ." "Overall, [this book] . . . is an excellent reference tool . . . ."

BATSCHMANN, OSKAR. Nicholas Poussin: Dialectics of Painting. Trans. byMarko Daniel. London: Reaktion Books, 1990.

Review: Richard Studing in SCN 50.3–4 (1992), 68–69: "Professor Bätschmann's new and exciting approaches to the art of Poussin are divided in two parts: part one includes a group of essays on 'dialectics' found in Poussin's works; and part two focuses on the painting of Landscape of Pyramus and Thysbe." Each chapter yields original and fascinating insights into the works of this great Baroque artist." On the whole, "Bätschmann's book is a satisfying reading and visual experience."

• See French 17 (1991).

BAUDOUIN-MATUSZEK, MARIE-NOELLE, éd. Marie de Médicis et le palais du Luxembourg. Paris: Délégation à l'action artistique de la ville, 1991.

Review: BCLF 555 (1992), 626: Catalogue de l'exposition consacrée à Marie de Médicis et organisée au palais du Luxembourg (2 octobre 1991 - 12 janvier 1992).

BAYARD, FRANÇOISE et PHILIPPE GUIGNET. L'Economie française aux XVIe, XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Gap: Ophrys, 1991.

Review: BCLF 555 (1992), 576–77: On trouve cet ouvrage "une excellente mise au point." Bibliographie abondante.

• See French 17 (1992).

BEARD, GEOFFREY and ANNABEL WESTMAN. "A French Upholsterer in England: Francis Lapierre, 1653–1714. Burlington Magazine 135 (1993), 515–524.

A study of the leading promoter of the "upholstered room."

BEAU, MARGUERITE. Essai sur l'architecture religieuse de la Champagne méridionale Auboise hors Troyes. Paris: Presses de la Renaissance, 1991.

Review: BCLF 555 (1992), 843–44: Etude/catalogue chronologique.

BELY, LUCIEN. Les Relations internationales en Europe (XVIIe–XVIIIe siècles). Paris: PUF, 1992.

Review: BCLF 557 (1992), 1048–49: "Une étude de grande mérite" de la collection "Thémis" qui est présentée comme un manuel avec des cartes et des tableaux et qui constitute "une synthèse au courant des derniers travaux . . . ."

• See French 17 (1992).

BENEVOLO, LEONARDO. The European City. Trans.Carl Ipsen. Oxford: Blackwell, 1993.

Review: Theodore K. Rabb in TLS 4714 (6 Aug. 1993), 3: Praise for this survey from 900 A.D. of the urban independence, expansiveness, and competitiveness that constitutes the distinctively vital character of European cities. Special attention is given to the development over ensuing centuries. "The overall effect is to make one think much more clearly about the roots of European identity."

Review: Michel Sot in Le Monde (18 June 1993), 30: Focuses the physionomy of the great European cities from the great beginnings (1050–1200), "Il y a une sorte de continuité entre l'urbanisme de Louis XIV . . . et celui de la bourgeoisie à la fin du XIXe siècle."

BERANGER, JEAN, PHILIPPE LOUPES, et JEAN-PIERRE KINTZ. Guerre et paix dans l'Europe du XVIIe siècle. Textes et documents (T. III). Paris: SEDES, 1991.

Review: BCLF 555 (1992), 829: "Ce petit livre permettra aux candidats à l'agrégation d'histoire de se rendre compte du niveau de difficulté des textes à expliquer à l'oral et de mieux préparer celui-ci."

BERENGER, JEAN. "Un diplomate suédois ami de la France: Esaïas Pudendorf (1628–1687)." DSS 179 (avril-juin 1993), 223–246.

Examine le rôle important de P. dans le maintien de l'alliance franco-suédoise.

LES BERENICES. TEXTES ET FIGURES. Ouvrage publié à l'occasion de l'exposition organisé au musée des Granges de Port-Royal, du 14 mars au 15 juin 1992. Préf. dePhilippe Le Leyzour. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 1992.

Review: BCLF 560–561 (1992), 1769: "En guise de catalogue de l'exposition, voici un recueil qui regroupe iconographie et articles dont cette manifestation fut le prétexte: le commentaire du tableau de Watteau, les Comédiens-Français, conduit Noëlle Guibert à proposer Bérénice pour identifier la scène . . . . Dans un article d'Eric Lang, "Les Bérénices florides," il y a des analyses qui, sans être résolument nouvelles, proposaient, à l'occasion de cette exposition, un accès intéressant au texte de Racine." Des erreurs d'imprimerie typographique nuit à la lecture.

BERGIN, JOSEPH. The Rise of Richelieu. New Haven/London: Yale UP, 1991.

Review: A. Herman in RenQ 45 (1992), 579–582: Particularly valuable and illuminating first half reveals R. much the product of his milieu rather than a great visionary of absolutism. Self-interest and shrewd calculation join with devoted service to King. R.'s career in the church is seen as crucial to his political career. This volume as well as the previous Richelieu and Pursuit of Wealth (1985) are the fruit of B.'s fortuitous discovery of 5 volumes of records of R.'s financial affairs in the Paris notarial archives. Because of that discovery and B.'s admirable energy and discernment, we have a "completely transformed view of R. and his place in early modern French history."

Review: Helen Bates McDermott in FR 66 (1993), 830–31: An account of R.'s rise to power that eschews myth and hindsight patterning and focuses on the preministerial period through social history (What does it take for an individual to gain recognition and power in R.'s society?). Special significance is given to the "laboratory of the see of Luçon but R. is held to be an unknown quantity when he took office in 1616, a minister staying in power by political skills, and a member of the council without clear reason." The final importance of patronage leads to a far different portrait from the standard mythic one.

Review: Phillip J. Wolfe, in SCN 51.1–2 (1992), 24–25: The reviewer does not evaluate Bergin's book which focuses on the Cardinal de Richelieu's early career and setbacks in his quest for power: "the portait of Richelieu that emerges is that of a counter-Reformation ecclesiastic dependent on his family and entourage for his advancement, intent on strengthening both his influence in government and his financial position, and patient enough to await the end of royal disfavor."

• See French 17 (1992).

BERGIN, JOSEPH and LAURENCE BROCKLISS, eds. Richelieu and his Age. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.

A collection of eight essays which ". . . deepen our understanding of the constraints under which Richelieu worked. . . " and ". . . also look at his multifarious activities in a more positive light. . . ." ("Richelieu as Chief Minister," A. Moote; "Une Bonne Paix: Richelieu's Foreign Policy and the Peace of Christendom," H. Weber; "Richelieu and Reform: Rhetoric and Political Reality," R. Briggs; "Louis XIII, Richelieu, and the Royal Finances," R. Bonney; "Richelieu, the 'grands', and the French Army," D. Parrott; "Richelieu and His Bishops? Ministerial Power and Episcopal Patronage under Louis XIII," J. Bergin; "Richelieu and the Arts," E. Caldicott; "Richelieu, Education, and the State," L. Brockliss. Informative introduction and bibliography.

BERTRAND-DORLEAC, LAURENCE, ed. Le Commerce de l'art de la Renaissance à nos jours. Lyon: La Manufacture, 1992.

BIMBENET-PRIVAT, M. Les Orfèvres parisiens do la Renaissance 1506–1620. Paris: Commission des Travaux historiques de la Ville de Paris, 1992.

Review: P. Glanville in Burlington Magazine 135 (1993), 488–489: A "treasure house of hard-to-find and previously unpublished information about. . . this pre-eminent luxury craft. . . ."

BODDAERT, FRANÇOIS. Petites portes d'éternité: la mort, la gloire et les littérateurs. Paris: Hatier, 1993.

Review: François Bott in Le Monde (16 April 1993), 26: From Montaigne to Malraux with a chapt. on "La Mort au grand siècle." Reviewer considers Boussuet's death as emblematic.

BOHANAN, DONNA. Old and New Nobility in Aix-en-Provence, 1600–1695. Portraits of an Urban Elite. Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 1992.

BOUCHER, PHILIP P. Cannibal Encounters: Europeans and Island Caribs. 1492–1763. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP 1992.

Review: J. A. Gagliano in Choice 30 (1993), 1372: "An important addition to the recent literature delineating relations between European and Amerindian cultures during the three centuries after the Columbus voyages . . . ." The author "draws from archival records in France and England, as well as from varied contemporary accounts and traditional cosmographic writings, to analyze persistent European images of Caribbean natives as cannibals." "B. provides a convincing analysis of enlightenment currents in explaining why European perceptions of Carib ferocity and inferiority remained largely unchanged despite the relatively tranquil French experience among the islanders. Several illustrations, maps, detailed notes, and a complete bibliography contribute to his lively and occaisonally entertaining narrative."

BOUCQUEY, THEIRRY. Mirages de la farce: fête des fous, Bruegel et Molière. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins, 1991.

Review: M. Slater in MLR 88 (1993), 465–66: The unifying theme of B.'s work is reversal, "the presentation of a distorted mirror-image of reality to subvert and warp through ridicule. This line of thought sees him through a diversity of subjects, from medieval merriment and Flemish painting to the role of authors in general and the plays of Molière" [Amphitryon and Le Malade imaginaire].

• See French 17 (1992).

BOUGARD, PIERRE et ALAIN NOLIBOS, éds. Le Pas-de-Calais, de la Préhistoire à nos jours. Saint-Jean-d'Angély: Bordessoules, 1988.

Review: E. Magnou-Nortier in RBPH 70 (1992), 573–76: "Bel ouvrage collectif, remarquablement illustré, [qui] a tenu son pari: faire revivre une région qui fut toujours partagée entre deux vocations opposées et deux souverainetés rivales." Voir l'exposé consacré aux XVIe–XVIIe siècles sur la guerre.

BRAIDER, CHRISTOPHER. Refiguring the Real: Picture and Modernity in Word and Image. Princeton: UP, 1993.

BUKOFZER, MANFRED F. La Musique baroque. Paris: Presses Pocket, 1992.

Review: BCLF 560–61 (1992), 1776: B. "a brillament montré le passage de la musique de la Renaissance à l'ère baroque, et illustré les diverses tendances musicales européennes. . . . La musique baroque commence avec l'avènement de Louis XIII et connaîtra son apogée avec Louis XIV."

BURKE, PETER. The Fabrication of Louis XIV. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.

Review: Claude Abraham in FR 66 (1993), 1004–5: The first and "a most satisfactory" comprehensive account of the propaganda machine fabricating Louis's public image and those who contributed to it. Some of the best pages are on Louis's own ability to put his cachet on the figure of the monarch he became. Not enough attention, however, may be given here to revision/rewriting as Louis's views changed (leading to the limited reliability of certain historical "sources"). A highly successful anthropological study of symbolic forms, thoroughly researched, elegant, beautifully and intelligently illustrated. "If one wished to understand the Sun King and could read only one book on him . . . ."

• See French 17 (1992).

CABOURDIN, GUY. Histoire de la Lorraine. Les Temps modernes. T. I: De la paix de Westphalie à la fin de l'Ancien Régime. Amiens: Serpenoise, 1991.

Review: BCLF 557 (1992), 1049: C. "analyse et présente avec clarté cette période pourtant d'une extrême complication, notamment en ce qui concerne la géographie . . . ." Excellent bibliographie, index.

CANOVA-GREEN, MARIE-CLAUDE. La Politique-spectacle au grand siècle: les rapports franco-anglais. PFSCL/Biblio 17, 76 (1993).

Comparative study of both royal spectacles and the outre Manche foreigner in the two countries.

_________. "Melpomène, Thalie, Euterpe, et Clio: la querelle des muses dans les prologues des opéras louis-quatorziens (1672–1715)." Continuum 5 (1993) 143–156.

Etude des prologues qui fonctionnent en "manifeste artistique" et qui sont révélateurs au sujet de ". . . la querelle des trois muses. . .".

CARRIER, DAVID. Poussin's Paintings: A Study in Art-historical Methodology. University Park: Pennsylvania State UP, 1993.

Review: W. B. Holmes in Choice 31 (1993), 277: This volume "on P.'s paintings and their extensive commentaries provides a promising focus for the development of ideas on the styles and methodologies of art history earlier presented in . . . [C.'s other books]." "The larger part of the book is an excercise . . . of 'new art history,' inspired directly by such contemporary art writers as Norman Bryson, Michael Fried, and T. C. Clark . . ., and indirectly by Barthes, Foucault, and other post-structuralist theorists." H. judges the study to be "a lively and imperfect book, more intersting for the questions it raises than for those it answers."

CARRIER, HUBERT. La Presse de la Fronde (1648–1653). Les Mazarinades. Volume II: Les Hommes du Livre. Genève: Droz, 1991.

Review: BCLF 555 (1992), 745–46: Etude des hommes qui "ont écrit, imprimé et diffusé" les mazarinades. "La conclusion insiste, à just titre, sur l'apport des mazarinades à notre connaissance de la Fronde et indique des perspectives nouvelles d'étude de ces documents, conduisant ainsi à susciter des recherches fécondes." Chronologie, bibliographie, index, illustrations.

Review: Mark Bannister in FS 47.2 (1993), 214: A valuable study of the techniques of production and the social milieu of the "mazarinades."

Review: P. Wolfe in PFSCL 20, 38 (1993), 213–214: Studies of the political pamphlets published during the Fronde: authors; printers and booksellers; pamphlet production; commercialization; and obstacles to publication.

• See French 17 (1992).

_______. "Les derniers des héros: réflexions sur la permanence de l'idéal héroïque dans la génération de la Fronde." TraLit 5 (1992), 129–150.

Thoughtful and convincing study demonstrates, through close consideration of memoirs, letters, journals and pamphlets, that the heroic idea does indeed remain alive in mid-17th c. Finds that despite testimony of Coligny to contrary, the characteristics of a hero are incarnated in Condé: "sagesse politique, . . . constance dans l'adversité, . . . intrépidité à la guerre, . . . bravoure personnelle, . . . génie militaire."

CHARTIER, ROGER. "loisir et sociabilité: lire à haute voix dans l'Europe moderne." Littératures Classiques 12 (1990), 127–147.

17th-century novelists, memorialists and diarists show how widespread was the practice of reading aloud literary works to limited audiences, from family gatherings to learned circles and salons. For Chartier, this cultural custom raises the question of the written text's orality.

CHARVET JEAN-LOUP. "Hautes-contre et castrats: la voix des anges, la voix du coeur." Littératures Classiques 12 (1990), 305–321.

A study of the esthetic use of castrati and counter tenors. Most scores composed for them imply a hierarcy of themes and ontological values. In secular music they "embody" 'la voix du coeur', and in sacred music, 'la voix des anges.'

CHAUSSINAND-NOGARET, GUY. Le Château de Versailles. Louvain: Mémorie des Lieux, 1993.

CHONE, PAULETTE. Jacques Callot 1592–1635. Paris: Editions de la Réunion des Musées Nationaux, 1992.

Review: D. Russell in Burlington Magazine 135 (1993), 152–153: Catalog of the 1992 exhibition of the artist's work.

CLODFELTER, MICHAEL. Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1618–1991. 2 vol. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1992.

Review: M. J. Smith Jr. in Choice 30 (1993), 1292: This "work describes more than 680 conflicts . . . , from the Thirty Years War . . . through Operation Desert Storm . . . . The work's major aim is . . . to track . . . the casualties of four centuries of warfare." "Entries . . . give the names and dates of conflicts, strategies and battle details, outcomes and impacts, and casualties. C. notes that many casualty figures are rough estimates . . . ." S. recommends the book "for collections that lack [Trevor N. Dupuy's Encyclopedia of Military History] or require information in greater depth on the casualties of armed conflict."

COHEN, SHERRILL. The Evolution of Women's Asylums since 1500: From Refuges for Ex-prostitutes to Shelters for Battered Women. New York: Oxford UP, 1992.

Review: M. Klatte in Choice 30 (1993), 1394: "The 16th and 17th centuries in Catholic Europe witnessed the growth of new institutions designed to house repentant prostitutes and girls and women at risk of becoming prostitutes." C. studies three such institutions (found in Italy). "C. demonstrates how the multifunctional women's institutions of the early modern era served as the prototypes for a variety of asylums for women that emerged in later centuries . . . . In a major revision of the historiography of social institutions, C. argues that the women's institutions of early modern Europe played a pioneering role in developing techniques and institutional forms in the fields of corrections and social welfare."

COMPERE, MARIE-MADELEINE and DOLORES PRALON-JULIA. Performances scolaires de collégiens sous l'ancien régime. Etude d'exercices latins rédigés au collège Louis-le-Grand. Paris: La Sorbonne, 1992.

CORNETTE, JOEL. "Les Pamphlets de la Fronde." RdS 113 1–2 (1992), 177–188.

This article is, in fact, a detailed summary of Hubert Carrier's La Presse de la Fronde (Genève: Droz, 1989/1991). Cornette concludes, "il reste une étape essentielle: il faut à présent atteindre le contenu des pamphlets. Que disent-ils? Quels discours, quelles histoires, quelles images, quelles croyances véhiculent-ils?" These questions should be answered in the forthcoming third volume.

COTTRET, MONIQUE. La Vie politique en France aux XVIe, XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Gap: Ophrys, 1991.

Review: BCLF 555 (1992), 601: C. "présente les faits, c'est-à-dire les différents aspects de la croissance de l'Etat, selon leur rythme ternaire: creuset absolutiste (1515–1598), dynamique absolutiste (1598–1688), essoufflement et effrondrement (1688–1789). Puis, il en entreprend l'interprétation."

• See French 17 (1992).

_______. "Raison d'Etat et politique chrétien entre Richelieu et Boussuet." BSHPF 138 (1992), 515–38.

Excellent chronological presentation of the reactions to Machiavelli, from the opposition of Gentillet to the assimilation by Meillet (1628) and Balzac. Finally the positive is focused in Richelieu's writer Machon (MS, ca. 1643) against a weak Protestant opposition. Revealing treatment of Boussuet's assimilation of the tradition for and against: "raison d'Etat apprivoisé," and "synthèse par la majesté."

DAVIS, NATALIE ZEMON and ARLETTE FARGE. Histoire des femmes en Occident. vol. III: XVI–XVIII siècles. Paris: Plon, 1991.

Review: Roger Chartier in Annales-ESC 48 (1993), 1005–6: Poses three fundamental questions on the methodology of "gender history," beginning with Louis Marin's "Le Sexe ni vrai ni faux" (1992): "limites de validité et les critères de pertinence de l'opposition entre féminin et masculin"; quelle part faire dans la domination masculine à la domination symbolique, qui suppose l'adhésion des dominées elles-mêmes aux catégories et découpages qui fondent leur assujetissement?; L'Histoire des femmes, peut-elle se concevoir sans une périodisation originale?" Excellent reference notes.

Review: Gianna Pomata in Annales-ESC 48 (1993), 1019–26: "Riche matériau pour notre réflexion historique. Une somme de connaissances sur l'histoire des femmes. Valuable discussion on the concept and nature of gendre history.

_______, eds. A History of Women in the West. Vol. 3: Renaissance and Enlightenment Paradoxes. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1993.

Review: Anon. in VQR 69 (1993), 116–17: "This volume continues the translation of a large and daring enterprise undertaken some years ago by an Italian publisher (though almost all the writing and editing is by French historians): a scholarly account of the changing status and condition of women in the West. It may be safely predicted," states the reviewer, "that this volume, like its predecessors, will markedly increase and improve our knowledge of its field of study, laying the ground for much subsequent work."

Review: B. B. Chico in Choice 31 (1993), 518: "Focusing on paradoxes associated with women's lives from the 16th to 18th centuries, the material contrasts everyday activities and beliefs with examples of challenging traditions in a triad social view of women: conforming, maneuvering, and resisting." "A few essays reflect original research," says C.; "many are useful syntheses of recent scholarship produced on both sides of the Atlantic."

DECHENE, LOUISE. Habitants and Merchants in Seventeenth-Century Montreal. Trans.Liana Vardi. Montreal: McGill-Queen's UP, 1993.

Review: B. Osborne in Choice 30 (1993), 1831–32: Book first published (in French) in 1974. "While recognizing the underpinnings of macrodevelopments, D. addresses the settlers' experience of colonial life and reconstructs their material and social environment." This work is one of the studies comprising "the core of accessible scholarship on pre-modern French Canadian life." (The others, according to O., are books by R. C. Harris and Allan Greer.)

DEMARS-SION, VERONIQUE. Femmes séduites et abandonées au XVIIIe siècle. L'Exemple du Cambrésis. Paris: Ester, 1991.

Review: Cécile Dauphin in Annales-ESC 48 (1993), 1041–42: Rich documentation that extends from 1665 to 1790. Traces and clarifies increasing rigor of 17th-century legislation and judicial practice as well as the definitions of criminalization.

DENIS, ANNE. Le Château de Chambord. Paris: Complexe, 1992.

Review: BCLF 562–63 (1992), 2045: La collection "La mémoire des lieux" des éditions Complexe "tente de mêler à une histoire de l'édifice, une chronique de ses occupants."

DESGRAVES, LOUIS. Voyageurs à Bordeaux, du XVIIe siècle à 1914. Suivi d'extraits du Voyage dans le midi de Stendahl. Bordeaux: Mallat, 1991.

Review: BCLF 560–61 (1992), 1739: Ici "le lecteur retrouve où plutôt découvre une physionomie de Bordeaux, au cours des siècles, spontanée, vivante . . . ."

DETHAN, GEORGES. La Vie de Gaston d'Orléans. Paris: Eds. de Fallois, 1992.

Review: A. C. in CTH 15 (1993), 55: Augmented and corrected 2nd ed. (1st, 1959) with introductory remarks on reception of the 1st ed. 16 pp. of illustrations, restitution of footnotes and source references cut previously. "Quelques poètes mémorables de Gaston d'Orléans" (previously published in CTH 1989). For Dethan, a "dernier prince de la Renaissance," disconcerting but not so far into the "légende noire" as the depiction by Decaux and Castelot as "le plus vil prince de l'histoire de France" (Dictionaire illustré de l'Histoire de France, Perrin, 1989, p. 51).

DEWALD, JOHATHAN. Aristocratic Experience and the Origins of Modern Culture: France, 1570–1715. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1993.

Review: D. C. Baxter in Choice 31 (1993), 516: The author of "this perceptive and challenging monograph . . . argues that the nobility were not peripheral to the development of modern culture with its sense of individual autonomy, but actively participated in its formation." ". . . D. explores the concepts of self-worth, ambition, friendship, and calculation within the confines of court, military life, family, venality of office, and land ownership. Based on memoir literature and correspondence in several collections of family papers, D.'s evidence is derived from a small literary elite . . . . Nonetheless," in B.'s view, "this highly readable and suggestive account is a welcome contribution to a growing literature on aristocratic culture."

DOGLIO, MARIA, ed. Lorenzo Magalotti, Diario di Franci dell'anno 1668. Palermo: Sellerio, 1991.

Interesting addition to attractive new series. "E documenta, nell'arco di oltre due mese, dalla fine aprile all'inizio di luglio, non solo 'le cose viste' da un osservatore acutissimo ma un mondo peculiare di 'vedere' per il principe e un sistema radicato di 'confessare', di 'referire ogni cosa' al principe."

DORIVAL, BERNARD. Jean-Baptiste de Champaigne, la vie, l'homme et l'art. Paris: Léonce Laget, 1992.

Review: Anon in Le Monde (11 Dec. 1992), 33: First monograph on the nephew of Philippe, apprentice to his uncle (and much like him). Reconstruction of life shows, with the respected evident in his career, convincingly that J.-B. established his independent distinction.

DROST, WOLFGANG. Jean de La Fontaine dans l'univers des arts. Recherches inconnues et inédits du musée Jean de La Fontaine à Château-Theirry. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1991.

Review: BCLF 557 (1992), 1061–62: "L'auteur nous propose . . . en quatre chapitres, des études très serrées entre les textes et les oeuvres qu'ils ont inspirées; les analyses, toujours centrées sur des sujets précis, sont remarquables de finesse et de clarté." Bibliographie de travail.

DUBY, GEORGES, ed. Histoire de la France. T. II: Dynasties et révolutions de 1348 à 1852. Paris: Larousse, 1992.

Review: BCLF 558 (1992), 1285: ". . . pour la première moitié du XVIIe siècle, appelée ici la 'France baroque', le problème des soulèvements populaires, pourtant renouvelé par des recherches récentes, ne donne lieu qu'à citer un ouvrage soviétique à peu près dénué de valeur en tout cas dépassé, ainsi qu'une monographie sur la révolte des va-nu-pieds. Quant à la thèse dYves-Marie Bercé sur la révolte des Croquants, qui porte bien sur la période, elle se trouve bizarrement releguée dans la bibliographie du XVIe siècle . . . ."

DULONG, CLAUDE. Marie Mancini. Paris: Perrin, 1993.

Review: Emmanuel Le Roy La durie in L'Express 2204 (7 Oct. 1993), 68: Praise for knowledge of Mazarin and relationships within his family and for tracing the decades of "existence gâtée" and wrong-headed political action after idyll with Louis. "Cette ravissante idiote, polyglotte, devient plutôt sumpathique avec l'âge, à force de bourdes et de rage de vivre."

DUPUY, R. ERNEST and TREVOR N. DUPUY. The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History: From 3500 B. C. to the Present. 4th ed. New York: HarperCollins, 1993.

Review: P. L. Holmer in Choice 31 (1993), 428–430: Comparing this new edition with the last one (published in 1986), H. has found "some happy improvements . . . ." Having also mentioned a few drawbacks, H. notes that "these failings are slight compared with the work's general utility," adding that "librarians who have learned the value of prior editions will want this improved version."

DUTERTRE, EVELINE. "A propos de quelques tragédies de la mort de César des XVIe et XVIIe siècles." Littératures classiques 16 (printemps 1992), 199–227.

La mort de César "était en effet un thème fondamentalement tragique et toutes les conditions s'y trouvaient réunies pour en faire un sujet tragique de caractère exemplaire. Il était d'autant plus exemplaire que, tout en fournissant un fait intangible, puisque historique, ce sujet ne permettait pas moins au dramaturge d'en donner, tout en s'inspirant des tragédies antérieures, une vision personnelle et éventuellement d'enrichir le mythe de César. C'est ce que nous essaierons de montrer en nous appuyant sur quatre de ces tragédies, le César de Grévin, Il Cesare de Pescetti, la Mort de César de Scudéry, et Julius Caesar de Shakespeare."

ENCYCLOPEDIE DE LA MUSIQUE. Paris: Garzanti Librairie Générale, 1992.

Review: Edith Weber in BSHPF 139 (1993), 512–13: 7,000 entries with 500 new ones in French ed. provided by S. Gut, L. Jambou, and E. Weber. Many 17th-century entries in this "vade-mecum des mélomanes, discophiles, hymnologues, musiciens, chefs de choeur, et des amateurs de musique."

ERIKSON, FRANCK. "Médéee, la sorcière bien aimée." L'Express 2188 (17 June 1993), 59:

Review of William Christie's revival of Charpentier's Médée (Opéra comique, June, 1993). Especially interesting for Villégier's opinion of Thomas Corneille's libretto.

FOGEL, MICHELE. L'Etat de la France moderne de la fin du XVe au milieu du XVIIIe siècle. Paris: Hachette, 1992.

FRAISSE, GENEVIEVE. La Raison des femmes. Paris: Plon, 1992.

Review: Stéphane Michaud in QL (16–31 déc. 1992), 27: "La force du livre de G. F., qui pense en philosophe la question du féminisme, ne se limite pas à rappeler la continuité d'une tradition, représentée dès l'époque classique par un écrivain tel que Poullain de la Barre, attachée à défendre la thèse que l'esprit n'a point de sexe. Elle met en relief le tournant qu'introduit la Révolution française. L'événement change les données du problème: on quitte les doléances ou remontrances pour entrer dans le combat politique." Considering issues "au niveau de la raison, l'ouvrage fait jaillir des quesitons importantes. Il attire par exemple l'attention sur le paradoxe qui vent que l'émancipation des femmes ait partie liée avec la relativisation du corps, voire avec le discrédit que la pensée cartésienne jette sur lui. Cette nécessaire étape passée pour sortir enfin du cercle d'une réflexion fixée sur la nature, le corps réclamera à son tour ses droits."

FRANKO, MARK. Dance as Text: Ideologies of the Baroque Body. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1993.

An historical and theoretical examination of French court Ballet (1573–1673) which provides a picture of the complex theoretical underpinnings, the ideological tensions underlying experiments with autonomous dance, and the subversiveness of Molière's use of the court ballet traditions.

________. "Ut Vox Corpus: The Theoretical Bodies of Le Balet Comique de la Royne." Continuum 5 (1993) 85–109.

F. ". . . demonstrates how influential the harmonic notion of interval was. . . " and shows ". . . how the earliest choreography of Western dance promoted the body as a metaphor for theoretical ideas about harmony."

GABAUDAN, PAULETTE. "La Bergère Astrée ou une crise de la puberté au XVIIe siècle." PFSCL 20, 39 (1993), 399–413.

Sees the basis of Astrée's refusal of love in the "fin' amors" of the courts of love.

GABER, STEPHANE. La lorraine meurtrie. Nancy: Presses universitaires de Nancy/Serpentine, 1991.

Review: BCLF 553 (1992), 162: "L'originalité de cet ouvrage est de donner la parole aux contemporains de cette terrible période: de nombreuses citations replongent le lecteur dans l'époque, faisant appel à des temps directs de cette guerre [de Trente Ans] en Lorraine . . . ."

GOLDWYN, HENRIETTE. "L'Education des Femmes au Dix-septième Siècle." CdDS 5.1 (Spring 1991), 249–262.

Le double itinéraire de l'éducation des femmes: la scolarité restreinte acquise aux écoles, qui a pour but la conservation de l'infériorité féminine dans le cadre de la religion; et la formation qui vient de la fréquentation des salons et la lecture dans romans.

GOTTLIEB, BEATRICE. The Family in the Western World from the Black Death to the Industrial Age. New York: Oxford UP, 1993.

Review: D. C. Baxter in Choice 30 (1993), 1820–21: "G. . . provides a highly readable account of traditional themes: the definition of family and household, kinship, marriage arrangements, sexuality, and birth and child rearing, as well as the family's economic, political, and emotional roles. Focused on Western Europe, the work nonetheless draws parallels with European Jewish practices and those of Colonial New England. Posing a series of alternatives (love or duty, comfort or shelter, partnershp or hierarchy), G. provides a balanced summary of debate. Her bibliography reflects the scholarly work of the period from 1965 to 1985;. . . it is less representative of more recent efforts." The study is, however, "highly recommended."

GRAFTON, ANTHONY. New Worlds and Ancient Texts: The Power of Tradition and the Shock of Discovery. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1993.

Review: Alistaire Hennessy in TLS 4706 (11 June 1993), 5: "A superbly produced book" illustrating the long-drawn-out war of ideas fought on many levels originating from the displacement of authoritative texts by empirical observation.

GRASSIN, SOPHIE and GILLES MEDIONI. "Roget la Fronde." L'Express 2181 (29 Apr. 1993), 58–59.

Interview with Roger Planchon on "Louis, Enfant roi," of special interest on P.'s personal involvement with the Fronde, on Mazarin, and on pride taken in reconstruction of "cette vraie-fausse langue du XVIIe."

GREGOIRE, VINCENT M. "'Voir sans se faire voir:' gloire et déboires du 'mythe de l'impérialisme oculaire' dans la deuxième moitié du 17e siècle." CdDS 4.2 (Fall 1990), 185–209.

Le symbolisme du roi comme l'oeil qui surveille tout, dans les textes de 1665 à 1675, est dévalorisé plus tard dans les contes de Fénélon.

GROSS, DAVID. The Past in Ruins: Tradition and the Critique of Modernity. Amherst: Univ. of Massachusetts Press 1993.

Review: S. Bailey in Choice 30 (1993), 1821: "The clarity and force of G.'s interpretative essay on history are evident from the first pages to the last. Modernity, G. argues, began not with the Renaissance, which looked to the past. . . . Rather, the modern age began with the rise of the centralized state and the advent of early capitalism. A new sort of rationality. . . swept tradition aside. . . . The transformations that took place in the world of affairs were paralleled by the changes that were wrought in the intellectual sphere, thanks in no small part to Bacon and Descartes."

GRUBER, ALAIN, ed. L'Art décoratif en Europe. Paris: Citadelles & Mazenod, 1993.

Review: Anne Pons in L'Express 2168 (28 Jan. 1993), 65: First of three vols. in monumental series covers the classical and baroque, 1630–1760. G. (and his collaborators) "ouvre une perspective neuve et renouvelle la connaissance d'une époque" by returning to the ornements that cross arts, "partie d'un mouvement artistique en générale." This is the story of "auriculaire, acanthe, chinoiseries, arabesques et rocaille."

GUICHARNAUD, HELENE. Montauban au XVIIe siècle (1560–1685). Urbanisme et architecture. Paris: Picard, 1991.

Review: BCLF 555 (1992), 844: G. analyse "d'abord les éléments de défense fortifiée et la conception urbanistique générale et évolutive, puis l'architecture des édifices eux-mêmes . . . ."

GUILLERM, JEAN-PIERRE. "La Marqueterie fondamentale. Quelques recueils d'emblèmes, d'Alciat à Rollenhagen." Littérature 87 (octobre 1992), 6–23.

The evolution of the use and interpretation of emblems from Alciat's Emblematum Liber to early 17th-century compilations. One has to conclude, "tenons donc les livres d'emblèmes pour l'un des cas d'une esthétique perverse qui a parmi ses principes la forclusion partielle du lecteur. Le déploiement des démarches et des plaisirs de l'interprétation érudite est sollicité, mais une réception 'naïve' ou 'semi-naïve' n'en est pas moins organisée."

HAASE-DUBOSC, DANIELLE et ELIANE VIENNOT, éds. Femmes et pouvoirs sous l'Ancien Régime. Paris: Rivages, 1991.

Review: BCLF 554 (1992), 378: "Cet ouvrage collectif pose la question du pouvoir des femmes et des situations qu'elles ont occupées dans les domaines de la politique, de la religion, du droit, du travail, des arts et des lettres, . . . ."

HALL, HUGH GASTON. Richelieu's Desmarets and the Century of Louis XIV. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

Review: P. R. Berk in FrF 17 (1992), 224–226: While appreciating this "mine of information about literary and political arrangements in the seventeenth century," B. does not find convincing H.'s "passionate advocacy" of Desmarets.

Review: Rosa Galli Pellegrini in SFr 104 (1991), 349: An "organic panorama" of Desmarets's life and literary productions, in which biographical events and the "creative itinerary" are carefully integrated. Hall proposes a "coherent image of Desmarets" and of his career at the service of Richelieu and Louis XIV.

Review: E. W. Marvick in RenQ 45 (1992), 381–384: Although M. notes certain "occasional farfetched historical interpolations" and regrets little mention of autobiographical information from D.'s Délices de l'Esprit, M. appreciates this "dense and useful work [resulting] . . . from Hall's wide-ranging study of archival material." D. is presented as a "late Renaissance universal man," his literary work as worthy of appreciation, and his ideas are valued for their modernity.

• See French 17 (1992, 91, 90).

HARRISON, HELEN L. "Politics and Patronage in the Bourgeois gentilhomme." PFSCL 20, 38 (1993), 73–84.

Confirmation of the values of kings, nobles, and bourgeois in the context of artistic patronage.

HASKELL, FRANCIS. History and Its Images: Art and the Interpretation of the Past. New Haven: Yale UP, 1993.

Review: R. Brilliant in Choice 31 (1993), 446: In this book H. examines "the changing use of artworks and their images by antiquarians and historians in reconstituting the rich texture of the past. He begins with the 16th- and 17th-century antiquarians who interpreted archaeological and numismatic material as visual evidence of the Roman past, confirming, extending, or contradicting textual evidence." In B.'s view this is an excellent, well-printed and well-illustrated book."

Review: Charles Hope in TLS 4729 (19 Nov. 1993), 9–10: Masterful survey of the reasons for seeking an imagery of the past and including much from French history including analysis of the significance of the Musée des Monuments français . . . . "Everyone will be in his debt . . . the story he has to tell not only reveals a prodigious amount about past attitudes to art, but in doing so has major implications for the way in which we think and write about it now."

HENSHALL, NICHOLAS. The Myth of Absolutism: Change and Continuity in Early Modern European Monarchy. Harlow: Longman, 1992.

Review: Jeremy Black in JES 23 (1993), 325: "This thoughtful, wide-ranging and often spikey book is a critical examination of the concept of absolutism. H. re-exmines early-modern European history, more particularly that of France and England, in order to focus on the limits of govermnental power and the nature of royal authority. He argues correctly [in B.'s view] that ancien régime studies have been dominated by the perspective of eventual revolution and that this has led to a misunderstanding of the nature and strains of absolute monarchy. The chapter 'Louis XIV Reassessed' is one of the best in the book," according to the reviewer. "H. emphasizes the role of consultation and consent, the absence of autocratic and despotic tendencies. He also underlines similarities between France and England. . . ." B. considers this work to be a valuable corrective to much that has been written on the period," stating as well that the book "deserves wide attention."

HEPP, NOEMI, ed. La Cour au miroir des mémorialistes (1530–1682). Paris: Klincksieck, 1991.

Review: D. Van der Cruysse in PFSCL 20, 39 (1993), 543–546: Studies presented at a Strasbourg colloquium on chronicles of court life written before Saint-Simon.

HOLT, MACK P., ed. Society and Institutions in Early Modern France. Athens: Univ. of Georgia Press, 1991.

Review: Ramona Cormier in SCN 51.1–2 (1993), 25: "Written by former students and friends of J. Russell Major, this collection of essays demonstrates Major's thesis that the history of modern France can be understood only by showing the interaction rather than the separation between politics and social history." The emergence of absolutism is the focal point of most contributions, which "present another alternative to the traditional interpretation" of political and social issues of early modern French civilization.

HUREL, DANIEL-ODON. "Une source pour l'histoire politique et culturelle de la France et de l'Europe occidentale aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles: la correspondance des Bénédictins de la Congrégation de Saint-Maur." RHEF 79 (1993), 139–44.

JAFFE, DAVID. "Aspects of Gem Collecting in the Early Seventeenth Century, Nicolas-Claude Peiresc and Lelio Pasqualini." Burlington Magazine 135 (1993), 103–120.

A study of Peiresc's correspondence with the Roman antiquarian: the collecting of intaglios.

JOUANNA, ARLETTE. "Réflexions sur les relations internobiliaires en France aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." FHS 17.4 (1992), 872–881.

Jouanna examines the conceptual model which is outlined in Sharon Kettering's analysis of patronage and clientelism relationships — "proportion variable des sentiments d'affection et de mobiles intéressés, durée plus ou moins longue des liens ainsi créés, possibilité de la pluralité des patrons, variétés des rapports entre clientèles et partis."

KETTERING, SHARON. "Patronage in Early Modern France." FHS 17.4 (1992), 839–862.

A critical survey of recent French historians' studies on patronage and clientelism in 17th-century France. For Kettering, "the study of early modern French patronage has usually been last on a variable agenda of other concerns and interests. There has been more interest in the methodology of cultural history and the development of the early modern state than in patronage. Isn't it about time that we looked at patronage in and for itself?"

KINDLEBERGER, CHARLES P. A Financial History of Western Europe. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford UP, 1993.

Review: E. L. Whalen in Choice 31 (1993), 508: "In this revision of his widely accepted 1984 work the author updates and extends his overview and synthesis of the development of financial institutions in Europe from the middle of the 15th century to the beginning of this decade. Changes in money, banking, public and private finance, and international organizations are interwoven with war, panics, depression, trade, technology, and the ascension and decline of European nations over a period of 500 years." According to W., K. "draws almost exclusively on secondary sources and provides numerous citations throughout the text. A glossary, extensive bibliography, and index are included." W. says that ". . . the volume appears designed to serve well both students and scholars."

KINTZLER, CATHERINE. Poétique de l'opéra français de Corneille à Rousseau. Paris: Minerve, 1991.

Review: P. Robinson in MLR 88 (1993), 751–53: "This is a remarkable and important contribution to the study of the Age of Classicim in France . . . . It places the poetics of tragédie lyrique at the centre of French Classicism . . . an intellectually necessary component of its mainstream theatrical culture. Valuable critical apparatus.

• See French 17 (1992).

KIRCHNER, THOMAS. L'Expression des passions. Ausdruck als Darstellungs problem in der französischen Kunst und Kunsttheorie des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts. Mainz: Berliner Schriften zur Kunst, 1991.

Review: T. Puttfarken in Burlington Magazine 134 (1992), 733: An uneven study of the history of facial expression and painting during the two centuries.

KLEINMAN, RUTH. Anne d'Autriche. TransAnia Ciechanowska. Paris: Fayard, 1993. Preface byPierre Goubert.

Review: Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie in L'Express 2175 (18 Mar. 1993), 60–61: "Experte en archives madrilèenes ou parisiennes, Ruth Kleinman a consommé le procès de réhabilitation, voire de canonisation, d'Anne." Anne is rightly seen as learning from her early persecutors (Richelieu and Louis XIV) as having faith in the "génie" de Mazrain, and is in fact never without control during the Fronde (the only section of the book that might have been more forceful in presentation).

KNECHT, ROBERT. "The Reputations of Cardinal Richelieu: Classical Hero or Romantic Villain?" SCFS 15 (1993), 5–24.

On the hero, revisionist viewings (Bergin, Bonney, Parrot) leading to the author's Richelieu (1991), reviewed here, leaves little of R.'s own propaganda, which is given a résumé. On the tyrant/villain, interesting material on the Bulwer-Lytton-Macready-Vigny collaboration and the stage villain that still lives in the popular imagination in England. Notes 27–34 are unfortunately omitted.

________. Richelieu. London/New York: Longman, 1991.

Review: K. Malettke in HZ 255 (1992), 198–200: Generally informative biography by well-known Birmingham historian is recommended despite certain inaccuracies and a relative paucity of new material.

• See French 17 (1992).

KRAJEWSKA, BARBARA. "Autour de l'affaire Foucquet: son impact dans le Samedi; sa trace dans ses lettres." AJFS 28.3 (1991) 223–234.

Etude de lettres écrites par Foucquet, Mlle de Scudéry, Mlle de Sévigné, Guy Patin, et Pellison, parmi d'autres, qui donnent d'importantes lumières sur cette affaire.

_________. Mythes et découvertes: le salon littéraire de Madame de Rambouillet dans les lettres contemporaines. PFSCL/Biblio 17, 52 (1990).

Review: Kathryn Willis Wolfe in SCN 50.3–4 (1992) 67–68: "This volume consists of twenty biographical sketches of 17th-century writers and aristocrats who were prominent in Madame de Rambouillet's salon." The reviewer has reservations on Krajewska's main objective, which is to claim "that the 'chambre bleue' and the people who frequented it have been unduly idealized by critics". But some of her interpretations can easily be dismissed by checking other sources. Moreover the author's "style itself is a source of irritation."

LA GORCE, JEROME DE. "Vie et moeurs des chanteuses de l'Opéra à Paris sous le règne de Louis XIV." Littératures Classiques 12 (1990), 323–336.

An appraisal of the Description de la vie et moeurs, de l'exercice et l'estat des filles de l'Opéra, an unpublished manuscript written circa 1694. Despite its moralistic bias, it remains a most valuable document on the social conditions of female opera singers.

LAIRD, MARK. The Formal Garden: Traditions of Art and Nature. New York: Thames & Hudson, 1992.

Review: D. Posner in Choice 30 (1993), 783: "In this survey of more than 50 West European gardens from the 16th century to present day, L. argues cogently that the distinction between the 'formal' and the 'natural' garden is far less clear than is usually supposed, and that a fusion of the two modes was more common than generally recognized. Furthermore, natural changes over time, renovations, and restorations have often significantly altered the intended character of many gardens. Clearly persented, beautifully illustrated, amply annotated and indexed. . . ."

LAZZERI, CHRISTINE et DOMINIQUE REYNIE, éds. Le Pouvoir de la raison d'Etat. Paris: PUF, 1992.

Review: BCLF 562–63 (1992), 1992: Une importante contribution dont l'objet de l'analyse est: la pratique secret en politique; la pratique du coup d'Etat; les réactions des gouvernés à de tels types de gouvernement.

LAURENS, ANNIE-FRANCE and KRZYSZTOF POMIAN, eds. L'Anticomaine. Paris: EHESS, 1992.

Review: Philippe Dagen in Le Monde (29 Jan. 1993), 29: Richly detailed and informative essays on the 17th- and 18th-centuries' knowledge of Greek and especially Roman art as revealed by collectors.

LE MOEL, MICHEL. L'Architecture privée à Paris au grand siècle. Paris: Commission des travaux historiques de la Ville de Paris, 1990.

Review: BCLF 553 (1992), 176: "Un excellent ouvrage, consacré à l'architecture des résidences de la noblesse de la grande bourgeoisie à Paris, au siècle de Louis XIV."

Review: R. Middleton in Burlington Magazine 135 (1993), 489–490: Second-half of the 17th century including a chapter on the development of the city.

LERNER, GERDA. The Creation of Feminist Consciousness: From the Middle Ages to Eighteen-Seventy. New York: Oxford UP, 1993.

Review: F. Burkhard in Choice 31 (1993), 194: The author "traces resistance to patriarchy and some of the searches for women's self-consciousness and self-expression from the 7th through the late 19th centuries . . . . She examines the educational disadvantaging of women and their struggle for the right to possess public voices, notably through mystical reformulations of religious traditions. L.'s reconstructed history of women analyzes examples of past struggles for empowerment through motherhood, education, self-authorization, supportive female clusters and networks, and quests for role models. Yet the early efforts to achieve a public voice were frequently smothered . . . ." "This provacative and important work is highly recommended for the general public as well as for all college levels," states B., who finds the bibliography "extremely useful and well organized . . . ."

LOWE, C. JANE. "Charpentier and the Jesuits at St. Louis." SCFS 15 (1993), 297–314.

Examines the means whereby liturgical works including elaborate psalm-settings at Vespers, and the non-liturgical works (motets, instrumental pieces, "opera"-like David et Jonathus) may be identified for specific use at St. Louis. Valuable on the Jesuit links in C.'s career, commentary on its development, and listing of archival resources.

MCCLELLAN, JAMES E. Colonialism and Science: Saint Domingue in the Old Regime. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1992.

Review: K. M. Butler in Choice 30 (1993), 1373: "In this important new study of prerevolutionary Saint Domingue, M. examines the French government's active promotion of scientific and medical research as an integral part of its colonization policy, and the role of science in a slave-based economy." "The focus of this study makes it an excellent addition to the literature of colonial, scientific, and Caribbean history."

MC EVANSONEYA, PHILIP. "A Note on Hubert le Sueur and Isaac Besnier." Burlington Magazine 135 (1993), 532–534.

Le Sueur and his collaborator's funerary monument commissioned by the Duchess of Buckingham.

MCMAHON, ELISE-NOEL. "'Le Corps sans frontières': The Ideology of Ballet and Molière's Le Bourgeois gentilhomme." PFSCL 20, 38 (1993), 53–72.

Studies the political implications of ballet, seeing the comedy as the "absolutist drama of statemaking and self-fashioning."

MACARTHUR, ELIZABETH J. "Nature Made Word: Guidebooks to the Gardens at Versailles." CdDS 5.1 (Spring 1991), 183–194.

Descriptions by Félibien, Piganiol de la Force, Morellet, and Scudéry mediate between the reader/visitor and the garden, directing its interpretation and lending textual permanency to its grandeur.

MAJOR, J. RUSSELL. "Vertical Ties through Time." FHS 17.4 (1992), 863–871.

Major assesses the importance of Sharon Kettering's research on patronage in early modern France and analyzes how the medieval patronage system fell into disrepute at the Estates general of 1614. "The way was thus paved for Louis XIV to assume personal control of the crown's patronage."

MANIERE DE MONTRER LES JARDINS DE VERSAILLES, PAR LOUIS XIV. Pref. deJ. -P. Babelon;intro. et commentaires deS. Hoog. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 1992.

Review: BCLF 558 (1992), 1300: "Ce texte, court, d'un style ferme et simple, écrit par Louis XIV, était vraisemblablement destiné aux fonctionnaires chargés de l'entretien des eaux animant les jardins."

MEROT, ALAIN. Retraites mondaines. Aspects de la décoration intérieure à Paris, au XVIIe siècle. Paris: Le Promeneur, 1990.

Review: R. Middleton in Burlington Magazine 135 (1993), 489–490: A study that offers literary references and recognizes the role of women. However, it is not bold enough to "conjure up these [interior] realms."

MESNARD, JEAN. La Culture du XVIIe siècle. Enquêtes et synthèses. Paris: PUF, 1992.

MET, PHILIPPE. "Inclusion et exclusion: le corps dans les comédies-ballets de Molière." PFSCL 20, 38 (1993), 37–52.

In Monsieur de Pourceaugnac and Le Bourgeois gentilhomme respectively, M. studies the "expulsion du 'héros' éponyme sur un mode dysphorique" and the "élévation euphorique du corps."

MOCH, LESLIE PAGE. Moving Europeans: Migration in Western Europe since 1650. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1992.

Review: B. Osborne in Choice 31 (1993), 197: "M. defines human mobility in Western Europe since 1650 as both temporary and permanent 'changes of residence' across any level of administrative boundary." "M.'s central thesis is that rather than being the diagostic feature of modernity, migration has always been 'embedded in the social and economic framework of human organization' and is central to understanding pre-industrial life, rural industry, the industrial revolution, and urbanization." According to O., "this provocative study affords a melding of the most current theory with engagingly written vignettes of the lived experience of those involved in the process. Superb bibliography and endnotes."

MOHRMANN, RUTH-E. "Everyday Culture in Early Modern Times." NLH 24 (1993), 75–86.

"To deal with everyday life and everyday culture in early modern times means to be aware of the lack of barriers between public and private life — the intimacy of familiar life is on the verge of beginning — and of the highly ritualized and formalized manners of life-style as well . . . . The freedom to decide individually on the ways of living and the life-style preferred was even very small."

MORICEAU, JEAN-MARC and GILLES POSTEL VINAY. Ferme, entreprise, famille. Grande exploitation et changement agricoles, XVIIe–XVIXe siècles. Paris: EHESS, 1992.

MOTLEY, MARK. Becoming a French Aristocrat: The Education of the Court Nobility, 1580–1750. Princeton: PUP, 1990.

Review: Antonella Romano in RHMC 40 (1993), 522–24: Concrete rather than "abstract (from manuals, theory) study designating all levels of societal apprenticeship through which the old aristocracy adapted to the Versailles model: the childhood regulation of manners, language, conduct natural to an aristocrat, pages in a microcosm of noble households; tutors, who adapt the college curriculum and space pragmatically; the académie, with its hierarchy (until Louis's intervention in the 1690s), finally testing on the field. Inclusive and convincing.

• See French 17 (1992).

MURATORI-PHILIP, ANNE. L'Hôtel des Invalides. Paris: Complexe, 1992.

Review: BCLF 562–63 (1992), 2046–47: Ouvrage de la collection "La mémoire des lieux" qui évoque l'histoire de l'Hôtel des Invalides, "vivant reflet de trois siècles d'histoire de la France . . . ." L'auteur traite de sa fondation par Louis XIV et l'administration de Louvois.

MUSSET-PATHAY, VICTOR DONATIEN DE. Bibliographie agronomique où Dictionnaire raissoné des ouvrages sur l'économie rurale et domestique et sur l'art vétérinaire. Paris: INAPG, 1991.

Review: BCLF 558 (1992), 1118: "Cette réimpression à l'indentique comprend, après un discours préliminaire et explicatif de l'auteur, trois listes assimilables à trois entrées. La première présente 2.078 titres dont 256 parus entre 1600 et 1750, classés par ordre alphabétique; suivi du nom de l'auteur, du lieu et de la date d'édition . . . ; la deuxième entrée présente "1,320 mentions ou notices bibliographiques, égalament en ordre alhabétique [qui] donnent un aperçu des principaux auteurs . . . ;" la troisième entrée présente 327 mots clés, définis et commentés dans une perspective historique . . . ."

NATHAN, JAMES. "Force, Order, and Diplomacy in the Age of Louis XIV." VQR 69 (1993), 633–49.

"Louis' single-minded search for advantage was so raw, unencumbered, and bellicose that even in the ethos of the times it was unique. From the onset of his reign Louis XIV was intent on ensuring that French diplomatic hegemony ceased serving any abstract international order which may have emerged, in part, as a result of Richelieu's ministry. Instead,. . . French statecraft was to become Louis' own instrument: a great narcissistic engine—fueled and sated only by war." This clearly written essay appears to be intended for a general audience.

NIDERST, ALAIN. "Le 'Peintre philosophe.'" CdDS 4.2 (Fall 1990), 175–183.

Cette description de Nicolas Poussin par Anthony Blunt est affirmée par les tableaux qui illustrent le quiétisme et le platonisme.

NORMAN, BUFORD. "The Exile of Reason: Representation of Emotion in the tragédie lyrique." ArsL 6 (1993) 65–74.

After discussing writings on French opera (P. Perrin, Abbé Villiers, François de Callières, Antoine Bauderon de Sénecé, Charles Perrault, Claude-François Ménestrier), Norman asserts that ". . . Racine reveals a concern similar to that of Quinault with creating emotional scenes, with more than building tight plots," and urges critics to study ". . . how all the various representational elements of tragedy and of the tragédie lyrique work together to create the emotional response. . . we know they did."

________. "The Tragédie Lyrique of Lully and Quinault: Representation and Recognition of Emotion." Continuum 5 (1993) 111–142.

N. develops a ". . . general approach to opera from a literary perspective. . . " and then informatively discusses the ". . . notion of drama, the expression of emotion, and the related concepts of imitation, representation and recognition" in the works of these two writers.

OLSON, RICHARD. The Emergence of the Social Sciences, 1642–1792. New York: Twayne, 1993.

Review: M. L. Dolan in Choice 31 (1993), 330: "In this lucid, richly contextual book," says D., "O. argues that the social sciences developed from the attempts of 16th-, 17th-, and 18th-century European social and political thinkers to apply the methods and concepts of the natural sciences to human behavior and social problems in order to understand and control the rapid social change around them." The author "concludes that the three dominant ideological families of Western culture — liberal, socialist, and conservative — can be understood only in light of how they were shaped by the early social sciences."

PACE, CLAIRE. "Le Plus illustre des amateurs: Aspects of Richelieu's Patronage of the Visual Arts." SCFS 15 (1993), 33–54.

Finely balanced and documented review of questions concerning the nature of R.'s taste, the extent to which his public patronage (seen against his personal collections and commissions in decorative arts), and prededent as arts administrator. Conclusions underscore the eclecticism of his collections (reflecting in part an historical moment), the active part taken in commissions reflecting it, the importance of his artistic policy as precedent for statesmen.

PAGDEN, ANTHONY. European Encounters with the New World: From Renaissance to Romanticism. New Haven: Yale UP, 1993.

Review: G. J. Martin in Choice 30 (1993), 1827: According to M., "P. . . has written a fascinating book concerning the ways in which European experiences arising from encounters with the New World shifted thought and vision." The study is described as "thoughtful and very well written. . . ."

PEYSER, JOSEPH L., trans. and ed. Letters from New France: The Upper Country, 1686–1783. Champaign: Univ. of Illinois Press, 1992.

Review: P. B. Waite in Choice 30 (1993), 1018–19: "Handsomely produced, this book is the result of the labor of a dozen years in French and Canadian archives by its editor and translator. . . . It is a volume of some interest to those who want to know more about the history of Michigan and Illinois. . . . For historians familiar with French Canada, the book is a rather naive recitation of what is known. Nevertheless," says W., "it is what one may reasonably call a well-done, worthy, local history."

PITTE, JEAN-ROBERT. Gastronomie française: histoire et géographie d'une passion. Paris: Fayard, 1991.

Review: Ronald Tobin in FR 66 (1993), 518–20: Geographer, the author considers from early history the links to the area but also national "constants" in this civilizing ritual: the aristocratic, then monarchical influence, the latter emancipated from Italy in the Cuisinier françoys (1651). "Synthèse à la fois charmante et brilliante, qui ajoute une forte pierre à l'édifice de la littérature gastronomique et oenologique."

POITRINEAU, ABEL. Histoire du compagnonage. Lyon: Horvath, 1992.

PORPHYRIOS, DEMETRI. Classical Architecture: The Living Tradition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992.

Review: P. Kaufman in Choice 30 (1993), 1307: This work "expounds on the virtues of Greek and Roman architecture and their progeny, commonly called the Classical Tradition, in terms of structure, craftsmanship, aesthetics, and design." P. "stresses its Mediterranean, especially Italic character, as opposed to its transformations in Germany, France, England, and Spain." As "a practicing architect who designs in the classical style . . . ." P. "is in tune not only with original buildings but also with postmodern ambiguities. The book is especially notable," says K., "for its fine color illustrations. . . ."

POUJOL, ROBERT. Basville, roi solitaire du Languedoc, intendant à Montpellier de 1685 à 1718. Montpellier: Presses du Languedoc, 1992.

Review: Elisabeth Labrousse in BSHPF 139 (1993), 527–28: "Documentée, innovatrice, merveilleusement equitable et nuancée," contributes toward dispelling the "légende noire" of B. as scourge of Protestants (Part II). The life is reconstructed with much new documentation (Part I); administrative practices for Languedoc thoroughly examined (Part III); the man seen personally in somewhat surprising revelations (Part IV). The concluding section deals with B.'s urban planning for Montpellier.

RANUM, PATRICIA. "The Longs and the Shorts of It: Some Considerations on Operatic Recitative and Song and their Relation to Theatrical Recitation." CdDS 5.1 (Spring 1991), 111–127.

Examples from Lambert, Lully, Charpentier, and texts by Th. and P. Corneille, Racine, Quinault. "Natural" speech patterns are abandoned in favor of strictly-metered and sonorous forms that are meant to express the "mouvements" of the soul.

_________. Méthode de la prononciation latine dite vulgaire ou à la française. Petite méthode à l'usage des chanteurs et des récitants d'après le manuscrit de Dom Jacques Le Clerc. Arles: Actes Sud, 1991.

Review: P. Pidoux in BHR 55 (1993), 837–38: Ouvrage "solidement documenté au départ d'après le manuscrit de Dom Le Clerc (vers 1665) mais considérablement enrichi de notes et de transcriptions phonétiques."

Review: D. L. Ranson in CdDS V.1 (Spring 1991), 315–317: Un manuel dont l'intérêt n'est pas limité aux musiciens, mais qui "rendra service également à tous ceux qui s'intéressent à la prononciation du français au XVIIe siècle," avec des explications claires et complètes.

RAVEL, JEFFREY S. "The Police and the Parterre: Cultural Politics in the Paris Public Theater, 1680–1789" (UC-Berkeley, 1991). DAI 53:6, 2067A.

The role of public opinion and audience reaction in influencing playwrights and actors, with analysis of police archives describing "the parterre in action."

REINBOLD, ANNE. Georges de La Tour. Paris: Fayard, 1991.

Review: BCLF 553 (1992) , 175: Cet ouvrage "correspond plus à une recherche de la vie sociale en Lorraine pendant cete première moitié du XVIIe siècle qu'à l'étude de l'oeuvre du peintre . . . ."

REVUE ARCHEOLOGIQUE DE PICARDIE, No 1–2 (1991). Amiens: Société archéologique de Picardie.

Review: BCLF 557 (1992), 1041: Ce numéro regroupe huit articles, dont sept sont consacrés au prieuré de Saint-Nicolas d'Acy, dans l'Oise, du XIe siècle.

• See French 17 (1992).

RIVARA, ANNIE. "La Problématique de l'insertion d'un modèle culturel: deux traductions d'Arcadia (1625)." Littératures Classiques 13 (1990), 147–162.

Sir Philip Sidney's Arcadia was translated simultaneously by Jean Beaudoin and Geneviève Chappelain in the early 1620's and both translations were published in 1625. Those translations show a complex relationship between literary ideals and political conflicts, and demonstrate how cultural influences mask basic ideological and religious misunderstandings.

ROBERTS, WILLIAM. "Louis XIV's Manière de montrer les jardins de Versailles, An Unknown View." CdDS 5.1 (Spring 1991), 195–210.

Contemporary illustrations (c. 1693) are compared with versions of the king's own description, reconstructing the experience of the late 17th c. visitor.

ROMANO, RUGGIERO. Conjunctures opposeés, La 'crise' du XVIIe siècle en Europe et en Amérique ibérique. Geneva: Droz, 1992.

ROY, JEAN-MICHEL. "Les Marchés alimentiares parisiens du XIVe au XVIIIe siècle." Mémoires de la Société de l'Histoire de Paris et Ile-de-France 44 (1993), 77–132.

Fascinating account of the growth and nature of markets with listing (15 out of 18 dating from the 17th century). Maps and appended listing of documents founding and regulating trade.

RUGIN, DAVID L., ed. Sun King: The Ascendancy of French Culture during the Reign of Louis XIV. Washington: The Folger Shakespeare Library, 1992.

Review: Susan Read Baker in FR 66 (1993), 1007–8: Product of 1985 interdisciplinary symposium at the Folger, essays on literature, history, science, poetics, dance, offer provocative perpsectives for future from the most vital present areas. Special mentions are given to Régine Astier's remarkable documentation of Louis's career as a dancer, the late R. Nicolich's erudite clarification of the funeral ceremonies at the end of the reign, J. Dejean's revisionary study of the women's novel during the century; Roger Hahn's tracing of Louis's science policy as a model for the future.

SAINT-GUILY, AGNES. Georges de la Tour, une lumière dans la nuit. Paris: Mame, 1992.

Review: BCLF 560–61 (1992), 1752–53: "Après un exposé de ce que nous savons de la vie du peintre, l'analyse de quelques peintures . . . ."

SAINT PULGENT, MARYVONNE DE. "Plans-reliefs: La guerre en maquettes." Le Point (2–18 déc. 1992), 52–55.

This article concerns "villes miniatures" that were first created during the reign of Louis XIV for military purposes and that were to become "d'authentiques chefs-d'oeuvre."

SALMOND, ANNE. Two Worlds: First Meetings between Maori and Europeans, 1642–1772. Honolulu: Univ. of Hawaii Press, 1992.

Review: L. C. Duly in Choice 30 (1992), 674: Study based on "meticulous research," in which "S. . . . provides a richly detailed, illustrated analysis of the first encounters between New Zealand's Maori societies and the European explorers and traders. Her balanced account treats both groups in terms of their respective histories and cultures, belief systems, and immediate responses. Moving through the period of initial contact by the Dutch in 1642 to the English and French voyages of the late 18th century, the author combines anthropological and historical skills to give new meaning to the records and traditions of these encounters. As a result, the book offers a new and expanded understanding of the context in which European and Maorie interacted. In particular," says D., "her work corrects European-applied stereotypes and assumptions about 'traditional' Maori society." The book is described by D. as "exceptionally well written and presented. . . ."

SAWYER, JEFFREY K. Printed Poison: Pamphlet Propaganda, Faction Politics and the Public Sphere in Early Seventeenth-Century France. Berkeley/Los Angeles: Univ. of California Press, 1990.

Review: J. H. M. Salmon in RenQ 45 (1992), 577–579: Despite its brief treatment, some over-simplifications and focus on "items already described by his precursors," the volume is a "significant contribution to the analysis of political process in early modern France" as it classifies the documents and discusses the rhetoric and development of absolutism.

• See French 17 (1992).

SECCOMBE, WALLY. A Millenium of Family Change: Feudalism to Capitalism in Northwestern Europe. London: Verso, 1992.

Review: P. G. Wallace in Choice 30 (1992), 702–03: "This work of historical sociology employs Marxist analysis that is bolstered by feminist critiques of 'malestream' scholarship. S. combines a clear theoretical perspective," says W., "with a synthesis of numerous studies in social history. His key theoretical contribution is to expand the concept of mode of production to include reproduction and thus to place family structures within the center of the social relations of production." The book is called "a gracefully written and analytically critical countermodel to the dominant literature on the historical family. It is a must for students of the family," W. adds, "whether historical or contemporary."

SMITH, CHRISTOPHER and ELFREIDA DUBOIS, eds. France et Grande-Bretagne de la chute de Charles Ier à celle de Jacques II (1649–1688). Actes d'Oxford. Norwich: Society for Seventeenth-Century French Studies, 1990.

Review: D. A. Watts in MLR 87 (1992), 783–84: Twenty-one papers given at a conference at St. Catherine's College, Oxford in January 1989. D'Aubignac, Corneille, Saint-Evremond, and Racine treated among others. "Taken as a whole, the Conference proceedings tend to confirm one's impression that Anglo-French cultural exchanges in the seventeenth century were more often marginal than mainstream. Nonetheless the participants have shed valuable light on some major issues of the time."

SMITH, GIL R. Architechural Diplomacy: Rome and Paris in the Late Baroque. Cambridge/New York: MIT/Architectural History Foundation, 1993.

SOUCHAL, FRANÇOIS. French Sculptors of the 17th and 18th centuries: The Reign of Louis XIV. Illustrated Catalogue, Supplementary vol. A-Z. Trans.Augusta Audubert. London: Faber, 1993.

SUMMERSON, JOHN. Le Langage classique de l'architecture. Paris: Thames & Hudson, 1992.

Review: BCLF 562–63 (1992), 2051: S. présente et analyse le langage codé de l'architecture de l'âge classique (XVIIe et XVIIIe siècle). Ouvrage "richement illustré."

TALLETT, FRANK. War and Society in Early-Modern Europe, 1495–1715. London: Routledge, 1993.

Review: F. J. Baumgartner in Choice 31 (1993), 197: "T. draws on a vast number of sources, mostly secondary, for this highly detailed and informative study of the early modern military. The title is not entirely accurate," says B.; "coverage is limited to Western Europe and there is little on the half-century after 1495. T. eschews a chronological approach for a strictly topical one. . . ." "Although the book offers a wealth of information about the early modern military, that detail and the format make for rather difficult reading."

THUILLIER, JACQUES. Georges de La Tour. Paris: Flammarion, 1992.

Review: Philippe Dagen in Le Monde (11 Dec. 1992), 33: New documentation: "révélations peu flatteuses . . . de l'intrigant, du politique et du ruffian," "mauvais sujet mais grand peintre." T.'s collection of the works, with the chronicle of the life, successes in establishing LT as a "peintre-philosophe." Literary echoes are suggested: Malherbe, Descartes, Régnier.

Review: P. S. in L'Express 2163 (24 Dec. 1992), 55–56: A remarkable monograph, with a "catalogue hardiment raisonné," that renounces displays of erudition in favor of attempts at understanding the "a bigu, indéchiffrable . . . , poètique. "Faire vrai et tromper la vue se rejoignent vite."

TILLY, CHARLES. European Revolutions, 1492–1992. London: Blackwell, 1993.

Review: L. E. Oyos in Choice 31 (1993), 350: "T. attempts a systematic, historically based analysis of revolutionary processes that 'connects them firmly to . . . accumulating knowledge of state formation and routine political contention' for the last 500 years of European history. Using social science methodology, T. incorporates several concepts, terms, and statistical tables listing wars and revolutionary situations into his analysis of revolutions in . . . [various European countries] since 1492." O. states that "many of the assumptions made in . . . [this book] are provocative and debatable, but always interesting."

TINSLEY, BARBARA SHER. History and Polemics in the French Reformation: Florimond de Raemond, Defender of the Church. Cranbury, NJ: Susquehanna UP, 1992.

Review: J. E. Brink in Choice 30 (1993), 1371: "The author explores the career of this 'enormously popular' magistrate . . . ." "R.'s polemicism is examined in the context of the reign of Henry IV and his scholarship is placed in the mainstream of early modern historiography. Students of early modern France will profit from this balanced description of the prejudices and principles of some of the ordinary people who had to contend with the volatile challenges to traditional Christianity."

TREVOR-ROPER, HUGH. From Counter-Reformation to Glorious Revolution. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1992.

Review: Anon. in VQR 69 (1993), 43: "The true virtue of T.-R. as an historian and essayist," in the reviewer's opinion, "lies in the fact that, though his scope of sympathies is narrow (and in the case of religious disputes, all but nonexistent), his scope of interests is immense. His careful attention to the involutions of particular historical situations, his stern clarity of judgment, and his broad erudition combine to make his essays enlightening and provocative. This volume is an ideal selection of his scholarly offerings, perfect for the reader whose curiosity is any match for the author's ability to illuminate obscure aspects of history's innumerable complications and enigmas."

• See French 17 (1992).

VAN BELLE, J.-L. Plans inédits de places fortifiées, XVIIe–XVIIIe: Belgique, France, Pays-Bas, Republique Fédérale d'Allemagne. Bruxelles: Ciaco, 1989.

VAN DELFT, LOUIS. "Entre nature et culture: le statut de la voix dans l'anthropologie classique." Littératures Classiques 12 (1990), 153–163.

The status of human voice in classical anthropology is twofold. As a cultural manifestation, it is integrated into a social and esthetic ideal; as a natural phenomenon, it can be the object either of a clinical study or of a theological analysis.

VAN DER CRUYSSE, DIRK. Louis XIV et le Siam. Paris: Fayard, 1991.

Review: BCLF 555 (1992), 603: L'histoire des premières relations entre la France et le Siam. Index, glossaire, chronologie, bibliographie.

Review: F. Karro in PFSCL 20, 39 (1993), 584–586: A "modèle d'histoire comparative des mentalités": the diplomatic exchanges during the 80's involving a Buddhist prince's quest for a military alliance and intellectual cooperation with Louis XIV and the latter's most ambitious colonial project.

• See French 17 (1992).

VARDI, LIANA. The Land and the Loom: Peasants and Profit in Northern France, 1680–1800. Durham: Duke UP, 1993.

Review: F. K. Metzger in Choice 30 (1993), 1828–29: "By analyzing parish registers and notarial records in her study of the village of Montigny (Nord), V. . . . significantly refines the work of the Annalistes and the Marxists on the French peasantry. V. examines how industry (weaving) came to the village and how it affected the peasant economy." M., highly recommends this volume to readers, and finds it to be "carefully structured and competently written."

VENESOEN, PAUL. "An Assessment of Critical Thought on Male Misogyny: the Case of Pierre Charron Confronted with Women and Marriage." PFSCL 20, 39 (1993), 489–498.

Charron's paternalism and disdain of women seen as the personal and simplified reading of Montaigne's complex and changing thoughts on the matter.

VERSCHAVE, MICHEL. "La Voix du corps ou l'éloquence dans la tragédie lyrique." Littératures Classiques 12 (1990), 293–304.

In the 17th century, opera singers had to master an intricate art of gesture which was in many respects as important as the mastery of vocal technique, for "le message sonore transmis au public peut être aussi 'entendu' par les yeux."

VIALA, ALAIN, et al., eds. L'Esthétique galante. Paul Pellisson: Discours sur les 'Oeuvres de Monsieur Sarasin' et autres textes. Toulouse: Société des Littératures Classiques, 1989.

Review: Patrizia Oppici in SFr 104 (1991), 356: For Oppici, this is a useful collection of hard to find texts "which constitute despite their apparent disparateness, as the editors say in their informative and penetrating introduction, a literary strategy and poetics that transform 'la galanterie' into a style able to conciliate science and pleasure." Pellisson intended to "create 'une poétique moderne' based on the alliance of the 'auteur galant' and a cultured and fashionable audience."

• See French 17 (1991).

VIDAL, MARY. Watteau's Painted Conversations: Art, Literature, and Talk in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century France. New Haven: Yale UP, 1992.

Review: D. Posner in Choice 30 (1993), 955: "The thesis of this book. . . is that the 'art of conversation'—its structure, forms, devices and purposes—as practiced by the aristocracy in France around 1700 can explain the paintings of Watteau, even those in which conversation is not actually pictured." The author "attempts to demonstrate that W. deliberately constructed his works as pictorial analogues of contemporary conversation. The thesis entails some serious historical and theoretical problems, not all of which are satisfactorily addressed by the author, and many readers may find it more suggestive as an analogy than convincing as an explanatory propostion. The book is, however, clever and stimulating," P. contends, "well-written and nicely illustrated. . . ."

VON PROSCHWITZ, GUNNAR, ed. Influences. Relations culturelles entre la France et la Suède. Göteborg: Société Royale des Sciences et des Belles-Lettres, 1988.

Review: J. Glauser in RF 103 (1991), 476–477: Praiseworthy proceedings of a 1987 Paris collogue on this topic includes only two studies of the period before 1690, one on the reception of Cartesian thought in 17th c. Sweden.

WALTHALL, JOHN A. and THOMAS E. EMERSON, eds. Calumet & fleur-de-lys: Archaeology of Indian and French Contact in the Midcontinent. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992.

Review: R. L. Haan in Choice 30 (1993), 1684: "Whereas the earlier volume [in the collection, French Colonial Archaeology, ed. J. W.] examined the French colonial archeological record, this volume offers a number of analyses and research reports on 'historic Native American sites and related topics such as Indian interaction with French colonists.'" "What is strikingly similar in these essays," H. points out, "is the wealth of local information on the cooperative and mulitcultural nature of French-Indian contact in the 17th and 18th centuries."

WAQUET, FRANÇOISE. Le Modèle français et l'Italie savante (1660–1750). Rome: Ecole française de Rome, 1989.

Review: Paolo Alatari in SFr 106 (1992), 101–103: "An erudite book on erudition". Waquet has based her study on almost all the manuscripts and published sources on the subject, and she focuses on 17th-century works on Antiquity. The first chapter analyses Italian science as perceived by French opinion and the second, French erudition as recieved by Italian opinion. All in all, this "rich and well-written" contribution gives a better understanding of the complex and ambivalent relationship between French and Italian learned circles.

• See French 17 (1992).

WATT, JEFFREY R. The Making of Modern Marriage: Matrimonial Control and the Rise of Sentiment in Neuchâtel, 1550–1800. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1993.

Review: J. E. Brink in Choice 30 (1993), 1829: "W.'s statistical and anecdotal analysis of 4,100 court cases in a western principality of Switzerland is superbly bolstered by argument from contemporary theory and the impressive research on the family published over the past 20 years." Information gathered on separation and divorce W. considers to be "signs of legal equality between the sexes and an anticipation of modern marriage laws."

WIEBENSON, DORA. The Mark J. Millard Architectural Collection, vol. 1: French Books, Sixteenth through Nineteenth Centuries. National Gallery of Art. New York: Braziller, 1993.

Review: R. J. Havlik in Choice 31 (1993), 274: "One of the finest private collections of rare illustrated books and bound series of prints on Western European architecture, design, and topography was collected by the financier M. (1908–85) . . . . This impressive, well-illustrated volume is the first of a four-volume catalog of the Collection. It covers French books on architectural design and theory, 16th-19th centuries." Introduction and catalog are by W.; bibliographic descriptions, by Claire Baines.

WOLFE, KATHRYN WILLIS & PHILIP J, WOLFE. Considérations politiques sur la Fronde. La correspondance entre Gabriel Naudé et le Cardinal Mazarin. PFSCL/Biblio 17, 64 (1991).

Review: O. Ranum in CdDS 4.2 (Fall 1990), 269–271: Awelcome edition of Naudé's letters illuminates the relations between the press and revolution, writing and political activism, and the remarkable presence of N., whose letters are a joy to read. Includes a lucid and erudite introduction.

Review: P. Ronzeaud in PFSCL 20, 38 (1993), 297: An excellent edition of a correspondence rich in humanist and ideological themes on the relationship between writing and politics.

Review: D. A. Watts in MLR 88 (1991), 464–65: "This largley unpublished correspondence forms a useful addition to the documentation of the later years of the Fronde (1651–53). Of the fifty-three letters published here, forty-six date from the time of the civil war and seven (forming Appendice I) from the years 1641–46; forty-six more were written by Naudé and seven by Mazarin . . . ."

• See French 17 (1991).

WOLFE, MICHAEL. The Conversation of Henry IV: Politics, Power, and Religious Belief in Early Modern France. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1993.

Review: J.K.P. in TLS 4728 (12 Nov. 1993), 31: Embodies a wealth of perceptions in a lucid framework and a plain style. Skillful blend of narrative and thematic discussions makes this book "the definitive treatment of its subject." Hints at a "political fideism" that seeks no other justification than the king's command with jurists aplenty to sell this message.

ZARUCCHI, JEANNE MORGAN. "Symbolism and Politics: The Construction of the Louvre, 1660–1667." CdDS 5.1 (Spring 1991), 79–93.

The sucess of Claude Perrault's design for the colonnade of the Louvre is attributed to its symbolic evocation of Augustus and Apollo, as well as to factors of political rivalry and finance."